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Rain
Composed by Brian Balmages
Table of Contents
Contents
Basic Information .......................................................................................................................................... 3 Program Note................................................................................................................................................ 4 Historical Information ................................................................................................................................... 5 The Work....................................................................................................................................................... 6 Performance Notes: ...................................................................................................................................... 7 Glossary of Terms.......................................................................................................................................... 8 Major Concepts/Skills Required to Perform this Work................................................................................. 9 Objectives for Students............................................................................................................................... 10 Strategies and Activities.............................................................................................................................. 11 MOVIE SOUNDTRACK PROJECT................................................................................................................... 12 Practice Guide ............................................................................................................................................. 14 Evaluation of Students ................................................................................................................................ 15 Rehearsal Schedule ..................................................................................................................................... 17 NMS Weekly Practice Log ........................................................................................................................... 18 NMS Band Audition/Final Exam Form ........................................................................................................ 19 NMS Playing Test Grading Form ................................................................................................................. 20 Similar Works by Other Composers ............................................................................................................ 24 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................ 27 Recordings................................................................................................................................................... 27
Basic Information
Title: Rain Composer: Brian Balmages Year: 2008 Publisher: FJH Music Company, Inc. Grade: 2.5 Style: Contemporary Key: B-Flat Major (with chord clusters) Meter: 4/4, 3/4 Tempo Indications: Andante Lirico (Q.N.=64), the tempo is fluid throughout Performance Time: Approx. 4:15 Instrumentation: Full Score Flute I-II Oboe Bassoon Bb Clarinet I-II Bb Bass Clarinet Alto Saxophone I-II Tenor Saxophone Baritone Saxophone Trumpet (in Bb) I-II Horn in F Trombone I-II Score: Full Score, transposed Range Concerns: None present for an advanced middle school band (such as an eighth grade band). Unusual Concerns: Solo in the trumpet I part, trumpets require mutes at the end of the piece. Euphonium Tuba Timpani Percussion I-II-III, including: Bass Drum Cymbals (crash and suspended) Glockenspiel Marimba Triangle Tubular Bells Vibraphone
Program Note
Rain is a contemporary piece featuring long, flowing melodies that evoke the feeling of a soft rain. It was commissioned in 2008 by the Virginia Band Directors Association District 10 and was premiered by the All District Middle School Symphonic Band. Brian Balmages is the current Director of Instrumental Publications for the FJH Music Company in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. He has written a variety of pieces for concert band, string orchestra, small ensembles, and soloists. He is also a conductor, having spent time with numerous middle and high school bands, orchestras, university ensembles, and professionals throughout the United States.
Historical Information
The Work
Rain is a contemporary work, commissioned in 2008 for the All District Middle School Symphonic Band from Virginia, District 10. The piece explores what the composer describes as the complexity of rainthe sadness it brings to some, the calmness it brings to others, and its ability to rejuvenate. Rain is full of expression; it slowly unfolds with lush chord clusters and an introspective melody in the woodwind section. The percussion is also key in creating the atmosphere of the piecea gently falling rain with rolling thunder heard somewhere in the distance.
The Composer
Brian Balmages was born in 1975. He received his Bachelors degree from James Madison University and his Masters degree from the University of Miami (Florida). Balmages is an accomplished composer, having been commissioned by groups ranging from elementary ensembles to professionals. He has also composed for a variety of ensembles including concert bands, orchestras, small ensembles, and soloists. Balmages is also a conductor, having premiered a number of his own works at venues such as the Midwest Clinic and the College Band Directors National Conference. Additionally, he has served as a professor of instrumental conducting and Director of the Symphonic Band at Towson University in Maryland. Brian Balmages is the current Director of Instrumental Publications for the FJH Music Company, Inc. in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
Related History
Although the following events arent specifically related to Brian Balmages or the composition of Rain, they helped to shape the American thought process throughout the 2000s. The 2000s were a decade that marked huge changes in the American way of life. On September 11, 2001, hi-jacked planes were used to attack both the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, which resulted in the loss of life of approximately 3000 people. This sparked the War on Terrorism, which was directed towards the Taliban and Al-Qaeda, terrorist organizations associated with Osama Bin Laden. Another tragedy occurred in 2003 when the space shuttle Columbia exploded during its reentry. All of the passengers onboard were killed, and the space program was put on hold. It wasnt until the summer of 2005 that a space mission was launched in the United States. More positively, in 2005 Lance Armstrong defied odds by winning his 7th consecutive Tour de France, winning him international recognition. This also helped to spur cancer awareness and research. The 2000s also were marked by several weather anomalies. On December 26, 2004, one of the largest earthquakes ever recorded (9.3 on the Richter scale) occurred in the East Indian Ocean. The resulting tsunami struck the coasts of dozens of countries, killing approximately 290,000 people. This was one of the largest losses of life in modern history. Hurricane Katrina struck the southern coast of the United States in 2005, creating one of the largest natural disasters in U.S. history. This event spurred country wide relief efforts and helped to create a renewed sense of patriotism in the country.
The Work
Errata: None found Formal Analysis: Ternary Form Mm. 1-8 Rain begins with slow-moving block chords in the upper woodwinds, horn, and trombone. The marimba softly rolls on the first and third scale degree of each chord, creating mellow undertones for the opening of the piece. In the fourth measure the low woodwinds enter along with the euphoniums, followed by the rest of the ensemble in measures 6 and 7. This passage cadences with a chord cluster containing E-flat, F, G, B-flat, and C. Mm. 9-16 The theme is introduced in the clarinet section and accompanied by the low brass. The texture thickens with the addition of the alto voices in mm. 12 and the trumpets join the clarinets on the melody in mm. 13. This section contains the first instance of mixed meter. Mm. 17-27 The flutes take over the melodic line in mm. 17, which is temporarily passed to a trumpet soloist in mm. 20 and the trombones/euphoniums in mm 25. This section ends with long block chords played throughout the ensemble. This change in note duration creates the contrast needed for the effectiveness of the next section. Mm. 28-36 This section presents the first major impact of the piece. The texture thickens and there is a constant alternation of 4/4 and 3/4 time, creating a feeling of forward motion and instability. Also, the note duration becomes much shorter. This impact occurs in mm. 33, signified by the crash cymbal, a broadening of the tempo, and a crescendo. Following this impact, note duration lengthens, the time signature settles into four, and there is a ritardando. Mm. 37-47 This is the second major section of the piece. It is characterized by a thinner texture and an emphasis on the percussion section. The bells and vibraphone create the feeling of falling raindrops; the timpani is used to create the sound of rolling thunder. Mm. 48-57 The main melodic idea returns in the flute, oboe, clarinet, and alto saxophone parts, followed by the trumpet section in mm. 52. The time signature changes to 3/4 in mm. 54, and the tempo accelerates to push towards the climax of the piece in mm. 58. There is a change back into 4/4 and a molto rit. in mm. 57. Mm. 58-63 This is the climax of the piece, marked by the ff dynamic level. The upper voices play in a higher tessitura and slowly fall in both dynamics and range by the end of the section. All of the percussion parts are active and the timpani part is accented. There is a fermata on the third beat of mm. 63 played at a piano dynamic level, followed by a caesura. This section cadences on a B-flat 7 chord. Mm. 64-69 This section begins with an a tempo, and returns to the thinly textured block chords seen in the opening of the piece, with similar phrase markings. The ending is soft reserved, ending with a tone cluster containing B-flat, C, D, E, F, and G.
Performance Notes:
The key to this piece for both the conductor and the students is phrasing. There are a lot of very slow-moving harmonies, and it is up to the conductor to make sure that the students shape each phrase to make the piece move forward. Rain is slow and very smooth, and there is a lot of room for rubato. Take advantage of stretching the phrases where it seems appropriate, even outside of the marked areas. On a technical note, be aware of the many changes in meter that happen throughout the piece. Also, be mindful of the fermata and caesura at the end of measure 43. The students should be playing softly with good air support. Specific Considerations Mm. 1-8 During this section, it is important that the instruments enter softly but confidently. While there are not traditional triadic chords, students should still be listening for blend and intonation. Cue appropriate entrances, especially those in the percussion section. Mm. 9-16 In this section, the clarinets are very exposed. They need to have a good handle on their rhythm, especially with the sixteenth notes. Make sure that the alto voices bring out their entrances in mm. 12. Cue the timpani in mm. 16. Musicians with whole notes in mm. 16 must play them for their full value to set up the flute and clarinet entrance for the next segment. Mm. 17-27 There is a relatively short trumpet solo in this section, give him or her a clear cue. This section is characterized by an alternation of 3/4 and 4/4 time. There is also a fair amount of melodic interplay between different voices in the band. Make sure that these players enter in time, as there may be a tendency to rush in the slow tempo. Mm. 28-36 The tempo both speeds up and slows down in this section, so it is important that the students are watching carefully. Also, this section contains independent parts, so the students must have a solid grasp of their individual notes and rhythms. Be sure to cue the crash cymbal in mm. 33. Mm. 37-47 The percussionists are featured during this section. It is important that the bells and vibraphones play together in time. The timpanist should take care not to over-play the gently-rolling thunder, and the wind players should make sure that they pay special attention to shaping their phrases. Mm. 48-57 Because the melodic material returns in multiple instruments, the rhythm should be consistent and accurate. Also, this section includes the largest change in tempo. The students need to watch carefully for their timing. Mm. 58-63 This section begins at the ff dynamic level, the loudest dynamic in the entire piece. It is important that the students play confidently with a full sound (without overblowing). Cue the crash cymbal in mm. 58 and give strong downbeats on mm. 59-61, to help the timpani, bass drum, and suspended cymbal come in strongly. Mm. 64-69 The final section of the piece resembles the opening and should be treated with a similar attention to style, phrase shaping, and dynamics. The trumpets are muted for the only time in the piece. Cue the chimes in this section. Also, for the final note it is important that the students play with a supported tone, even at the piano dynamic level.
Glossary of Terms
Terms to introduce to the students: Program Musicmusic that expresses a certain story or idea Film Musicmusic used to accompany films Rubatofluidity of tempo usually associated with a lyrical composition
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Use these same questions to guide your thought process as you find and write about two additional pieces. This assignment is due on Friday, December 16. It must be 1-2 pages typed in 12 point font, double spaced. If you need help with the project, feel free to ask. Im available during Band Jam on Mondays and Wednesdays after school.
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Practice Guide
Ten Steps to Having a Productive Practice Time: 1. Practice daily! Practicing in small chunks is much better than trying to cram your practice time into the evening before your practice log is due. 2. Warm-up before you practice. Use long tones, lip slurs, scales, and technical exercises to help you prepare for the repertoire section of your practice time. 3. Check the weekly rehearsal schedule (which I will post on the bulletin board) to find which pieces/sections we will be rehearsing throughout the week. Practice sections that you know will be difficult. 4. Practice scales from the key signatures of the repertoire for the semester (they may come up on tests!) Use your Band Expressions Book II to help you reference them if needed, but actively work towards memorizing them. 5. Check for any Bach Chorales that are in that key as well, and play through the parts in your clef. When youve played through those, challenge yourself to read the opposite clef. 6. To practice difficult rhythms: go through each of your pieces and pick out difficult rhythmic sections. Find those rhythms on your rhythm sheet and practice scales using the selected rhythm. 7. To practice scales, pick two scales each day from the Band Expressions Book II and practice them. Start at a slow tempo first, working slowly up to the written tempo. 8. When practicing repertoire, it is important that you use a metronome. There are free metronomes online (use google.com to find one) or you can purchase a metronome inexpensively from the music store. 9. Isolate difficult parts in your music. Start at a slow tempo, and slowly work your way up to the written tempo. 10. Have Fun!
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Evaluation of Students
The semester grade will be determined as follows: Audition 5 Points
Repertoire Assignments (2@10 points) 20 Points Practice Log Playing Tests (2@15 points) Daily Performance Grade Final Performance Test Extra Credit Points Total Points Possible Audition (Formative) At the end of the first week of the semester, students will have an audition to determine chair placement. The students will play a short audition piece (which will be assigned from the Band Expressions Book II on the first day of class), sight-read a short exercise, and play through two scales that will be selected at random from concert B flat, F or E flat. The audition process: Each audition will be proctored by one of the weekly lessons instructors and take place in the practice rooms. Students will receive a number and letter, assigned at random, and will record their performance on the device provided in each of the rooms. The students can bring in their own Band Expressions book if they choose (with their own rehearsal markings), although there will be one provided. Students are allowed to mark their own copy of their prepared exercise. The proctor will provide the students with the sight-reading materials. The student will play the scales from memory. Repertoire Assignments Students will be assigned two projects that will be related to this semesters repertoire, one per quarter. The students will be responsible to complete the given assignment and turn them in on the date specified on their assignment sheet. These assignments will require the student to take time outside of class to listen and research, then synthesize their research into a short paper. For 6 points of extra credit (which would be equivalent to 6% of the semester grade) students will have the option to complete a supplementary assignment. An information sheet will be provided for the students outlining each assignment. Practice Log 20 Points 30 Points 10 Points 10 Points 10 points 110/100 Points
16 Students will then be required to keep a weekly practice log, which must be signed by a parent or guardian and returned on the Monday following each week of practice. Grades will be assigned based upon the average practice time per week: 90 minutes average = A (20 points) 60 minutes average = B (17 Points) 45 minutes average = C (14 Points) 30 minutes average = D (12 Points) 0 minutes average = F (0 points) Total Points Possible: 20 One point of extra credit will be awarded for each additional 15 minutes of average playing time/week (for a total of four extra points). Playing Tests There will be two playing tests given over the course of the semester. These will cover material which is in the repertoire for the current semester. Tests will be announced one week prior to the first day of testing. Students will be given the excerpts at that time. Testing will take place throughout the rehearsal, and individuals will be called on by section. Daily Performance Grade This grade will assess the students preparedness and approach to the rehearsal. This may include, but is not limited to: Coming to rehearsal on time with instrument, music, and any necessary accessories (reeds, mouthpieces, mutes etc.), knowing (being able to play) the material that is scheduled for each rehearsal and coming to band with a winning attitude. Final Performance Test (Summative) This assessment is designed to map the students progress over the course of the semester. Students will be given an exercise two weeks before the day of the test that they must prepare during their own personal practice time. They will also be given a sight-reading exercise and will play memorized scales. The scale section of the Band Expressions book will provide a useful reference for the students as they prepare their scales. The final performance test process: This exam will be given to each individual student during the last week of classes before the students are scheduled to take their final examinations. The exam format will be similar to the audition process and will take place in the practice rooms.
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Rehearsal Schedule
Monday 9-5 LABOR DAY Tuesday 9-6 Review Band Expressions II Wednesday 9-7 Review Band Expressions II Thursday 9-8 Review Band Expressions II Friday 9-9 Review Band Expressions II
Fundraiser Presentation (Pizza/Cookie Day) 9-19 Bach Chorale Band Expressions II *Selection 2 *Selection 3 9-20 Scale/Rhythm Practice Band Expressions II Rain mm. 1-37 *Selection 3 9-21 Bach Chorale Band Expressions II *Selection 2 Rain mm. 37-48 9-22 Scale/Rhythm Practice Band Expressions II *Selection 3 9-23 Bach Chorale Band Expressions II *Selection 2 *Selection 3 Rain mm. 1-48 9-30 Bach Chorale Band Expressions II *Selection 2 ChunkThrough
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Day Monday
Time
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
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Instrument____________________________ Class______________ I. Prepared Exercise (50%) Correct Notes Correct Rhythms Steady Beat Dynamics Interpretation Total II. Scales (20%) _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ Comments: _____________
Grade _________
____________
Total _______
III. Sight Reading Excerpt (30%) Steady Beat _______ Approx. Rhythms/Articulations_______ Expression Total _______ _______
5 Superior Performance. Student plays accurately at tempo without major errors. 4 Above Average Performance. Student plays accurately most of the time with few errors. 3 Average Performance. Student plays accurately at times, with many errors. 2 Needs Improvement. Student was inaccurate most of the time. 1 Unattempted. Student did not perform for the test.
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Excerpt__________________________
Unlike the audition and final exam, the in-class playing test is designed to be a quick evaluation. For each of the categories listed, the students will be given a score of 0-3, with three being the highest. These scores will then be added together for their final grade on the test. A student is guaranteed at least one point for attempting the material. Students will be tested individually, section by section, over the course of one week. Students will have to play their test material in front of their peers. Material for the test will be provided at least one week in advance, to give the students adequate time to prepare. Grades will be determined as follows: 3 Superior. The section is played accurately with good style. 2 Meets expectation. The section is played accurately much of the time, with few errors. 1 Below expectation. The student was inaccurate much of the time. 0 No Attempt made to play the part.
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Grade 1 A Mighty Fortress A Shaker Hymn A Song for Friends At Daybreak Atlantic Crossing Amazing Grace Arioso Believe Me If All Those Endearing Brother James Air Canticle Cathedral Chippewa Lullaby Country Wildflowers December Sky Dorian Dreamscape Early One Morning Greensleeves Hotaru Koi (Japanese Folk Song) In Quiet Times Jeanette, Isabella Largo from Symphony No. 9 Let All Mortal Flesh Keep Silence Maesong Night Star Shenandoah Skye Boat Song St. Anthony Chorale Song of the Hebrides Simple Gifts Tales of the River Wye Who Can Sail Against the Wind Grade 2 A Childhood Hymn A Scottish Ballade A Song of Hope A Shaker Gift Song A Quiet Rain Adagio Air for Winds All the Pretty Little Horses Anthem As Torrents in Summer Balladair Ballade Brother James' Air Greenwillow Portrait
EASIER DIFFICULTY LEVEL Arranger J. Edmondson J. OReilly L. Daehn Robert W. Smith Alan Lee Silva J. Edmondson J. Visconti/Del Borgo Trad/D. Marlatt MacBeth Bain/Wagner D.Wagner L. Conley A. McGinty L. Daehn E. Morales R. Sheldon D. Stubbs Michael Sweeney N. Fairchild J. Swearingen W. Ryden C. Sharp Anne McGinty W. Owens S. Hodges R. Smith & M. Story J. OReilly M. Williams L. Daehn J. Bullock Philip Sparke A. McGinty SAME DIFFICULTY LEVEL Arranger D. Holsinger R. Sheldon J. Swearingen F. Ticheli W. Cummings Albinoni/de Haan M. Shelton A. McGinty Edmonson Elgar/Davis F. Erickson D. Jenkins Bain/Wagner M. Williams
Publisher
Alfred/Belwin
Dehaske
Publisher
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Horkstow Grange I Saw Two Clouds At Morning In the Bleak Midwinter Let Me Weep Linden Lea Old Scottish Melody: Auld Lang Syne Our Kingsland Spring Prospect Rivers Romantic Ballad Shadows in Time Shenandoah The Red River Valley The Spirit Endures Too Beautiful For Words Water is Wide When the Stars Began to Fall While I Watch the Yellow Wheat Grade 3 A Quiet Moment Adagio for Winds Air for Band Ammerland Appalachian Morning As Summer was Just Beginning At Mornings First Light Canterbury Chorale Daydream Deir' in De Down a Country Lane Evensong Fantasy on The Minstrel Boy Forever Holding Close the Memories Gentle Clouds Roll By Gently Blows the Summer Wind Harvest Hymn Heaven's Light If Thou Be Near In Heavens Air Intermezzo for Band Loch Lomond Misty Rain, Softly Falling My Jesus! Oh, What Anguish Nettleton On a Hymnsong of Philip Bliss On a Southern Hymnsong On Angel Wings Orfeo's Song Prelude on an Irish Folk Tune Quiet Music Reverie for Bonita arr. Micheal Sweeney K. Mixon Holst/Smith G.F. Handel/de Haan R. Vaughan Williams/Stout Wiley S. Hazo P. Le Plante S. Hazo T. Doss Q. Hilliard R. Sheldon P. La Plante James Hosay Rob Grice James Swearingen F. Allen L. Daehn HARDER DIFFICULTY LEVEL Arranger P. Sparke E. Del Borgo F. Erickson Jacob de Haan R. Sheldon Alfred L. Daehn D. Gillingham . Van Der Roost T. Mahr W. Barker Copland arr. Patterson W. Harbinson M. Grauer Richard Saucedo D. Coakley R. Standridge P. Grainger S. Reineke Bach/Reed S. Hazo J. de Haan F. Ticheli F. Erickson J.S. Bach/Reed J. Vinson D. Holsinger D. Holsinger E. Huckeby Gluck/Beringen P. Sparke Douglas Wagner Bray Hal Leonard
Hal Leonard
Publisher Dehaske
Hal Leonard
Dehaske Alfred/Belwin
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Rhosymedre Shenandoah Star Ship Sure on this Shining Light The Whispering Tree Then I Saw The Lucent Sky Walden Wind Windsong With Each Sunset With Quiet Courage Ye Banks and Braes O'Bonnie Doon Yorkshire Ballad Grade 4-5 A Hymn For The Lost & Living A Movement for Rosa Amazing Grace American Elegy Be Thou My Vision Cantus Chorale Prelude: Be Thou My Vision Come Sweet Death Contre qui, rose Down Longford Way Dusk Elegy Elegy for a Young American Eternal Father, Strong to Save Hennepin County Dawn I Am In Memoriam: Kristina In this hid Clearing Irish Tune from County Derry Lux Aurumque Lyric Essay Morning Alleluias My Heart is Longing Night Movement II None But the Lonely Heart October Of Strength and Peace Perthshire Majesty Remembrance of Things to Come Salvation is Created Sheep May Safely Graze Sleep Suo-Gan Trauermusik Watchman, Tell Us of the Night Whisper to Their Souls Who Will But Let Himself be Guided Williams/Beeler F. Ticheli Y. Nishimura S. Barber/Saucedo G. Farmer Todd Stalter C. Sharp Darren Jenkins J. Zdechlik R. Saucedo L. Daehn P. Grainger Barnes HARDER DIFFICULTY + Arranger Eric Ewazen Camphouse F. Ticheli F. Tichelli D. Gillingham T. Doss J. Stamp Bach/Reed M. Lauridsen/Reynolds P. Grainger S. Bryant J. B. Chance LoPresti C. T. Smith S. Hazo Boysen B. Yurko J. Stamp P. Grainger E. Whitacre D. Coakley R. Nelson Bach/Reed R. Rumbelow Kjos Tchaikovsky/Curnow E. Whitacre G. Farmer S. Hazo J. Stamp Tschesnekoff/Houseknecht Bach/Reed E. Whitacre J. Curnow R. Wagner/Leidzen M. Camphouse S. Hazo Bach/Reed
Publisher
DeHaske
Peer-Southern Music
Hal Leonard
Kjos
Daehn Publications
Hal Leonard
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Bibliography
Balmages, Brian. Rain. Florida: FJH Music Company, Inc., 2008. Cooper, Lynn G. Teaching band & orchestra: methods and materials. Chicago: GIA Publications, 2004, 253-267. Harnsberger, Lindsey C. Essential dictionary of music: definitions, composers, theory, instrument & vocal ranges. 2nd ed. Los Angeles: Alfred Pub. Co., 1997. Montgomery, David. "Rhythm Patterns, by Joe Berry man." (Handout presented during class lecture, Instrumental Methods 1 from Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, January 18, 2011.) "Resource List: Lyrical Band Concert Music." Ontario Band Association. www.onband.ca/cbf/downloads/Lyrical-Resource-List_09-10.pdf (accessed December 1, 2011). Smith, Robert W., Susan L. Smith, Michael Story, Garland Markham, and Richard Crain. Band Expressions, Book Two Teacher Edition, Curriculum Package. Alfred Publishing Company, 2006. "U.S. History Timeline 2000-2009." America's Best History. http://americasbesthistory.com/abhtimeline2000.html (accessed December 1, 2011).
Recordings
The following websites offer high quality recordings of Rain suitable for the students to model, free for streaming. o o o http://www.fjhmusic.com/band/b1357.htm http://www.jwpepper.com/10047846.item http://www.musicdirectltd.com/concertbandtitle.html
The following YouTube videos display Middle School performances of Rain, and may be useful for classroom discussion. o o o http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ebhaxf0U9j8&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mDRdVsbotGg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NyOkU3h6xdg&feature=related