Tests are typically divided into two general categories: 1- Selective/ Objective Type Tests These types of questions

are highly structured and require the pupils to supply a word or two or to select the correct answer from a number of alternatives. 2- Supply/ Subjective Type Tests These types of questions permit the pupils to select, organize, and present the answer in essay form. Types of Selective Type Tests There are following types of Selective type tests. 1- Alternate Response / True False According to Stanley and Hopkins: A true- false item consists of a statement or a proposition which the examinee must judge and mark as either true or false. 2- Multiple choice items According to R.L Ebel and D.A Frisbie A multiple choice item has two parts, the stem consisting of a direct question or an incomplete statement, and two or more options, consisting of the answer to the question or completion of the statement. 3- Matching type items According to Gilbert Sax A test format that requires the student to match a series of responses with corresponding terms in stimulus list. Types of Supply Type Tests Supply Type tests have some types, which are as follow 1- Completion Type Tests According to Gibson Completion type tests are sometimes a sentence in which a word or phrase is omitted, which the examinee has to be filled. 2- Short Answer Type Tests According to Anthony J. Nitku Short answer items require the examinee to respond to the item with a word, short phrase or a number of symbols.

Limitations of Objective Type Tests 1- The objective type test cannot measure the ability to select, organize and integrate ideas. 2- The preparation is difficult and time consuming as large number of questions are needed. 3- The selection type items are subject to guessing. 4- The pupils can easily copy in the examination hall. 5- The preparation of items demands training. 6- The writing abilities cannot be assessed. 7- Availability of objective type tests in market reduces the habit of studying books. 8- Theories and experiments cannot be asked. 9- The guessing correction formula needs to be applied. 10- A lot of money is needed to develop objective type items. Limitations of Subjective Type Tests 1- They generally stress the length enumeration of memorized facts. 2- They have limited content validity. 3- They are difficult to score objectively because examinees have wide freedom of expression. 4- There is lack of consistency in judgments even in competent examiners. 5- The examiner may be influenced by the language of the examinee. 6- Handwriting and neatness does matter. 7- Some examiners are too liberal in marking and some are too strict. 8- The mood of the examiner influence marking. 9- The speed of writing may influence the performance of the students. 10- They are time consuming to answer. 11- They have halo effect which means that the examiners judgment in evaluating one characteristic is influenced by another characteristic. A well behaved student on account of his behavior may get more marks.

Reference: Book Title: Assessment in Education Author: Pervaiz Iqbal Publisher: Yousuf Mukhtar Composing: Amir Composing Center, Lahore Printing: Z.A Priners, Lahore