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For safety and for defense, people in the Middle Ages formed small communities around a central lord or
master. Most people lived on a manor, which consisted of
• The castle,
• The church,
• The village, and
• The surrounding farm land.
In this "feudal" system, the king gave land or "fiefs" to his most important nobles In return for their
contribution of soldiers for the king's armies. At the lowest level of society were the peasants, also called
"serfs.” In exchange for living and working on his land the lord offered his peasants protection
Role of Women
It should come as no surprise that women, whether they were nobles or peasants, held a difficult position in
society. They were largely confined to household tasks such as cooking, baking bread, sewing, weaving, and
spinning. Some women became nuns and devoted their lives to God. Someone says the word marriage
today we think about two people who are in love and who want to spend the rest of their lives with each
other. Marriage in the Middle Ages was tricky. One wouldn't likely marry a stranger they just met. In the
Medieval Times, however, marriage was quite different. Women didn't have a choice as to who they would
marry. Most of the time they didn't even know the man before they were married. Every marriage was
organized by families but only because they wanted to unify two families together. Girls had to marry who
their parents chose for them. Families didn't care about the feelings of the people marrying another person.
The family of the girl who was to be married gives a dowry, or donation, to the boy she is to marry. The
dowry goes with her at the time of the marriage and stays with the boy forever. Girls could get married at the
age of 12 ( and often did) and boys at the age of 14 Almost always the boy was older than the girl was.
Sometimes after the marriage the people could really love each other for real even though husbands were
allowed to beat their wives. Wives were not allowed to divorce their husbands.
The Church
The Catholic Church was the only church in Europe during the Middle Ages. The Church its own laws, lands
and taxes. Therefore, the Catholic Church was a very powerful.. The Catholic Church was based in Rome
and headed by the Pope. Church leaders such as bishops and archbishops sat on the king's council and
played leading roles in government. Bishops, who were often wealthy and came from noble families, ruled
over groups of parishes. Parish priests, on the other hand, came from poorer backgrounds and often had
little education. The village priest tended to the sick and poor. . Only certain men could become priests. No
women could become priests and men who did become priests were forbidden to marry.
On a Venn Diagram: