acknowledgement

I am glad to present my project on AARA CHEMICALS I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude and sincere regards to my honourable faculty Prof. Dr Vijay R. Chourey. For his guidance,encouraging advice and constructive criticism during the process of my work for all necessary facilities to complete my project. I thank to all faculty for their support and cooperation.

Jyoti Singh Msc. final Roll no-08

AARA CHEMICALS
Aara chemicals a leading and a renowned name in the field of chemicals .As being very familiar with the name of this established firm since 15yrs providing its fabulous service and best quality products to every scale of consumer. Mr. Yogesh Patel the founder and the Managing Director of this company started it with an initial start in 1995 in state of Gujarat in Khambhat district and slowly but firmly opened 1 more branch in Naroda (Gujarat). Mr. Patel keeping in view that India is a labour oriented country, tried to put his best efforts to utilise labour in large scale inorder to provide the employment to the labours instead of machinery, as this way is to a extent costlier but national interest also values. The companys sole motto is the wealth comes then and after, but the relations is for now and forever.

Aara Chemicals dealing with synthesizing of chemicals past 15 years mainly of copper such as copper sulphate, coppers carbonate and copper acetate etc. The company utilize the modern but power saving equipments. Best quality of products and delivery in right time is one of the basic fundamental concept of this company with which the company works accordingly. As the company focuses more on utilising the labour power, it also provides good wages as compare to others and the bonus timely and the ultimately the best feature to provide best possible a friendly and healthy environment. Aara Chemicals usually supplies the products to the industries which deals with manufacturing of paints, agriculture products, alloys and many more. It always try to have limited but the credible customers as they are the one for which the company is performing the work sincerely. Most renowned industries are associated and year by year new industries are associating but there are also 10-15 industries which are associated last 12yrs with us.

Aara Chemicals provides best quality products and services .It is also a good ground for the freshers to gain knowledge because if it initial start of a person is with good knowledge will lead to work good with good and positive view. As I gather after being associating with this company, ultimately benefiting the person itself and also the society. It can be the one of the best platform for the freshers to start their career and attain the maximum heights of success in the field of chemistry.

CONTENTS
Introduction to Copper Sulphate Material required for preparation of Copper Sulphate Centrifuge HDPE Steps for preparing Copper Sulphate Flow diagram of process Uses of Copper Sulphate Storage conditions

Precautions

Copper sulphate
Copper(II) sulphate is the chemical compound with the formula CuSO4. This salt exists as a series of compounds that differ in their degree of hydration. The anhydrous form is a pale green or gray-white powder, whereas the pentahydrate, the most commonly encountered salt, is bright blue. This hydrated copper sulphate occurs in nature as the mineral called chalcanthite. Archaic names for copper(II) sulphate are "blue vitriol" and "bluestone".

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Typical appearance: Analytical use: Change in state Aqueous solubility:

- Blue Solid - Source of CuII ion Melting point, 110C with Loss of 4 mol of water - 33g in 100ml at

20 C Specific gravity: - 2.28 (hydrated) 3.69anhydrous Molecular Weight: - 249.68

CHEMICAL PROPERTY
Copper sulphate is pretty soluble and if the pH is kept less than 7, the Ph would have a small unpredictable effect. If a lot of sulphuric acid is used the solubility will be decreased by the addition of a common ion "(SO4)^-2" but this would require a very low pH. On the other hand if the pH is significantly greater than 7 copper hydroxide Cu(OH)2 would precipitate but under more or less neutral conditions, i.e. pH ~7, pH has little effect on the solubility of copper sulfate.

MATERIAL REQUIRED FOR PREPARATION OF CuSO4

For preparing 5 ton of Copper Sulphate following materials are required:2.5 ton of copper carbonate is required in which copper is present in 50%. 2 ton of sulphuric acid of 98% is required.
CuCO3 + H2SO4 + 4H2O --------------

CuSO4 .5 H2O

+ CO2

CENTRIFUGE
Centrifugation is a process that involves the use of the centrifugal force for the separation of mixtures, used in industry and in laboratory settings. More-dense components of the mixture migrate away from the axis of the centrifuge, while less-dense components of the mixture migrate towards the axis. Chemists and biologists may increase the effective gravitational force on a test tube so as to more rapidly and completely cause the precipitate ("pellet") to gather on the bottom of the tube. The remaining solution is properly called the "supernate" or "supernatant liquid". The supernatant liquid is then either quickly decanted from the tube without disturbing the precipitate, or withdrawn with a Pasteur pipette. The rate of centrifugation is specified by the acceleration applied to the sample, typically measured in revolutions per minute (RPM). The

particles' settling velocity in centrifugation is a function of their size and shape, centrifugal acceleration, the volume fraction of solids present, the density difference between the particle and the liquid, and the viscosity. In the chemical and food industries, special centrifuges can process a continuous stream of particle-laden liquid.

hdpe bags
High density polyethylene (HDPE) is used in a variety of applications and industries where excellent impact resistance, high tensile strength, low moisture absorption and chemical- and corrosion-resistance properties are required. Characteristics: - Light-weight Chemical-and corrosion-resistant Low moisture absorption Non-staining Thermoforming performance High tensile strength Non-toxic Meets FDA/USDA food handling guidelines (natural colours)

Uses:Industries: Chemical storage, Liquids storage, Medical, Recreational vehicles, Thermoforming. Applications: Light duty chain guides, Orthotic and prosthetic devices, Secondary containment, Tanks, Thermoformed material handling devices, Water storage.

HDPE Bag for packaging

Steps for preparing copper sulphate

Take required quantity of water in the reaction vessel. Add Sulphur acid temperature will rise. slowly with stirring

Now start addition of copper carbonate slowly. Reaction will start it is very vigorous reaction and temperature will rise and rise. After addition of Copper Carbonate and stirring it will react with acid and form solution of Copper Sulphate.

Transfer the solution for filtration which will be hot. During filtration unreacted parts which is recycled.

Transfer the filtrate for Crystallization. In the Crystalliser the Copper Sulphate solution will cool and the crystal will be precipitated.

During crystallization the cooling water will be circulated in the jacket of the crystallizer. Crystalline mass send for Centrifuge filtration.

Crystals will be in the basket of centrifuge and mother liquor will be collected in HDPE collection tank which is recycle in process. Packed in HDPE bag inside liner bag well closed.

Storage condition
Copper sulphate should store in a cool and dry place. Keep containers closed. Solutions of copper sulphate should be stored in tanks fabricated of type 316 stainless steel, rubber lined steel tanks or plastic tanks

PRECAUTIONS
Copper Sulphate is acidic and causes severe eye irritation. It may be irritating to the skin and may cause sensitization reactions in certain individuals. Avoid breathing the dust as it may be irritating to the upper respiratory tract. Contact with eyes and skin should be avoided through the use of safety goggles and rubber gloves. In case of eye contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for 15 minutes and call a physician. If Copper Sulphate is ingested, give large amounts of milk or water. Call a physician. Contaminated clothing should be thoroughly washed before use.

uses of copper sulphate

Agriculture

Preparation of Bordeaux and Burgundy mixtures for use as fungicides Manufacture of other copper fungicides such as copper-lime dust, tribasic copper sulphate, copper carbonate and cuprous oxide Manufacture of insecticides such as copper arsenite and Paris green Control of fungus diseases Correction of copper deficiency in soils Correction of copper deficiency in animals Growth stimulant for fattening pigs and broiler chickens Molluscicide for the destruction of slugs and snails, particularly the snail host of the liver fluke

Public Health and Medicine

Destruction of algal blooms in reservoirs and swimming pools Prevention of the spread of athletes foot in warm climates, by incorporation in the flooring mixture of swimming baths Control of bilharzia in tropical countries, as a molluscicide Prevention of malaria, in the preparation of Paris green for use against mosquito larvae Antiseptic and germicide against fungus infections Catalyst or raw material for the preparation of copper catalysts used in the manufacture of pharmaceutical products

Industry

Adhesives Preservative in casein and other glues Additive to book binding pastes and glues, for insecticidal purposes Additive to animal and silicate glues to give water resistance Preparation of catalysts for use in many industries

Purification of gases, e.g. removal of hydrogen chloride and hydrogen sulphide

Chemicals

Precipitation promoter in purifying zinc sulphate solutions Precipitation of alkaloids as double salts from crude extracts Source of other copper compounds such as copper carbonate silicate/arsenite/acetoarsenite/resinate/stearate/tartrate/oleate naphthenate/chromate/chlorate/alginate/fluoride /hydroxide, cuprous oxide/chloride/cyanide and cuprammonium compounds

Metal and Electrical

Electrolyte in copper refining Electrolyte in copper plating and electro forming Electrolytic manufacture of cuprous compounds, e.g. cuprous oxide Constituent of the electrodes and electrolytes in batteries

Electrolyte in the manufacture of copper powder Electrolyte in aluminium plating and anodising Copper coating steel wire, prior to wire drawing Pickling copper wire, etc., prior to enamelling Providing a suitable surface for marking out iron and steel

Mining

Flotation reagent in the concentration of ores, e.g. zinc blende

Paint

Raw material for the manufacture of copper naphthenate and other copper compounds for use in anti-fouling paints Preparation of certain varnish or paint dryers, e.g. copper oleate, copper stearate Preparation of certain pigments, e.g. copper chromate, copper ferrocyanide, copper phthalocyanine