Chapter 3 : Coordination and Response

SMK SEKSYEN 4 KOTA DAMANSARA BIOLOGY FORM 5 LEARNING MODULE Chapter 3: Coordination and Response

NAME: CLASS:
HERDAWATI HAMDAN BIOBEST

Chapter 3 : Coordination and Response

1. What types of stimuli ???????????? Sensing danger from a predatorGlucose level in bloodGravityTaste Blood pHSmellTemperatureTouch-

2. State the necessity for living organisms to respond to external and internal stimuli. (to enable the organisms to : Adjust to environmental ____________________ Protect the organism from ___________________ Ensure the ______________ of the organism.

3. Tropism response in plants. a. Phototropism response The stimulus for this type of response is ____________________. b. Geotropism response ___________________ force is the stimuli for this type of response. c. Hydrotropism response A type of plant growth response towards __________________ stimuli. d. Thigmotropism This response can be observed on plants with soft stems, which respond towards ______________ stimuli.

Chapter 3 : Coordination and Response

Coordination-Process involved the detection of stimulus and the subsequent response of

the organism towards the stimulus which involved both the n____ s and e____________n system. 1. Nervous system Functions of nervous system in human a) Receives information from r__________________ b) Transmit and i______________ the information c) Formulates appropriate responses to be sent to the e_____________ organs d) Controls and coordinates functions throughout the body e) Helps to maintain h__________________________ What are the main components of nervous system? i. Central nervous system - b________ and s_________ c______

ii.

Peripheral nervous system- the nerves and nervous tissue outside the brain and the spinal cord

Chapter 3 : Coordination and Response

Central Nervous System (CNS) a. Refer text book..page 79

The Brain

Parts Cerebrum

Structure

Function

Cerebellum

Brain Stem Medulla oblongata Pons Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Chapter 3 : Coordination and Response

1. Diagram below shows a cross section of the spinal cord. Name the parts of the spinal cord labelled as P, Q, R and S.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Structures of the PNS 1) Cranial nerves: (12 pairs) 2) Spinal nerves: (31 pairs) - Carry nerve impulses to and from the spinal cord to body parts not served by the cranial nerves. 3) Somatic nervous system -Carries nerve impulses to the skeletal muscles, joints and skin 4) Autonomic nervous system (ANS) -Carries nerve impulses to the smooth muscles of internal organs and to glands without conscious thought Two subdivisions of autonomic nervous system : a) Sympathetic system - Controls "fight or flight" responses b) Parasympathetic system - Controls those responses associated with a relaxed state.

Chapter 3 : Coordination and Response

Cells of the Nervous System Neurons -They are the basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system. - They conduct nerve impulses.

Chapter 3 : Coordination and Response

Composed of: a. Cell Body - Part that contains the nucleus b. Dendrite(s) -Carries a nerve impulse towards the cell body c. Axon(s) -Carries a nerve impulse away from the cell body (and towards the dendrite of the next neuron).Axons are also called nerve fibers. d. Myelin:- Provides insulation forms myelin sheath around axons e. Nodes of Ranvier - gaps on axons f. Note: Definition of a nerve impulse : A self-propagating wave of electrical disturbance that travels along the surface of a neuron's plasma membrane. Three types of neurons (by functional classification):

Afferent neurone

Efferent neurone

Interneurone

Function: Transmit nerve impulses to the _____________ and ___________ from all over the body.

Function: Carries impulses away from the spinal cord and brain to ________/muscle / glands

Function: Transmits nerve impulses from one neuronal dendrite to the axion of another neuron. All are found only in the gray matter of the brain or spinal cord.

Chapter 3 : Coordination and Response

1. Define a synapse.
A narrow gap located at the junction between the axon terminal of one neurone and the dendrite of an adjacent neurone

2. A synapses may be found between a) A neurone and a _________________ b) A neurone and a _________________ c) A neurone and a _________________

3. Describe briefly the transmission of impulses across a synapse. [7m]

4. Give 2 examples of neurotransmitters (a)_________________________ (b) __________________________

Chapter 3 : Coordination and Response

What is voluntary action? Answer: It is defined as the action that is controlled by the conscious will of a person. It involves the integration and interpretation of information in the cerebrum. Example: Raising your hand to answer a question.

What is an involuntary action? An action not bound by the will of a person. Occurs automatically in the body without any conscious control.

Involves receptors to detect the stimulus, medulla oblongata to interpret the information and effectors to carry out the response automatically. Example: Involving skeletal muscles such as knee jerk, and smooth muscles (cardiac muscles or glands) such as normal blood pressure

Chapter 3 : Coordination and Response

Define reflex action. Reflex is an automatic, innate response to a particular stimulus. It involves the contraction of skeletal muscles and the spinal cord only. What is a reflex arc? The pathway along which an impulse travels from the receptor to the effector

Using two examples each,explain the difference between (a) Voluntary actions (b) involuntary action

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Chapter 3 : Coordination and Response

GLAND

HORMONE

FUNCTION

TARGET

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Chapter 3 : Coordination and Response

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Chapter 3 : Coordination and Response

Differences between nervous system and endocrine system.

NERVOUS SYSTEM

ASPECTS

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

COORDINATION BETWEEN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM HOMEOSTASIS ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Examples of physical factorsExamples of chemical factor-

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