Life during the Cold War : When the Eagle met the Bear

Who wants to be a True American? Written by Henggao Cai The second red scare occurred after World War Two because of disagreements between the United States and the Soviet Union over the atomic bomb and reconstruction of Europe after the war. The Red Scare led to the concept of a true American. A true American was someone who pledged their allegiance to the nation through the flag salute and valued democracy, republicanism and Protestantism highly. As a result, Senator Joseph McCarthy laid off many citizens from their government positions. Even though Senator McCarthys rhetoric made the American people perceive people who were communist un-american, the House and and the senate committees contributed to the overall concept of True American. Before Congress elected Senator Joseph McCarthy, a House of Representatives committee, House Un-American Activities Committee, served as a basis for McCarthys argument against the

Communists. This committee prosecuted citizens who were engaged in, believed in Communism, or interacted with communists. Other un-American activities include the practice of atheism and the belief in Karl Marx. To the house committee, people living in America and engaged in communism were Un American. This concept of un-American gained notoriety with the House committee and contributed to an increase in jingoism, extreme nationalism. Like the Overman, Fish, and Special Committee on Un American activities, the House Un-American Activities wanted to identify people who plotted fascist schemes to take over the White House. These people were identified by their hesitation to answer the committees questions. Additionally, a Senator from Wisconsin by the name of Joseph McCarthy. Senator McCarthy used the work of the Un-American Activities committee to ruin the lives of many people. He led the Senates Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations. These investigations rallied the American people and painted a picture in their minds that all forms of socialism and communism are bad. This image of communism as evil made people panic and fear the anything related to communists or the color red. The red scare part two resulted in changes to the pledge of allegiance and inhumane interrogation techniques. By changing the pledge of allegiance, the United States government took a step to ensure that the Communist Party of America does not get the right to govern. The government wanted to reaffirm Americas religious heritage and counter the atheist beliefs of the communist party and communist states.The mandated pledge of allegiance forced all government buildings to recite the pledge of allegiance before the start of the day. This forced Americans to swear loyalty to the nation. It made the government feel secure about its position in the free world. Even though Senator Joseph McCarthy laid off and questioned many citizens from their government positions, Senator McCarthy only contributed a small part to the concept of True

American. Some of the other contributing members include the House Committee for Un American Activities and the entire United States government. These committees cooperated with each other to fight communism and atheism.

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The following advertisement is to be placed somewhere in the magazine. This advertisement is from the airline company called Pan American Airways. In the photo, you can see the influence of the Red Scare. Americans want to do everything they can to be perceived as American and not UnAmerican.

Henggao Cai Period 3 March 27,2012 AP US History Mr. Bugge Annotated Bibliography Chafe, William H. The Unfinished Journey-America since World War II. EHistory Archive. Ohio State U, May-June 2003. Web. 12 Mar. 2012. <http://ehistory.osu.edu/world/articles/articleview.cfm?aid=66>. This website has provided me with background information regarding the Cold War. The Cold War affected everything in American society including political ideology and social life. History. HUAC. History. A&E Television Networks, 2012. Web. 12 Mar. 2012. <http://www.history.com/topics/house-un-american-activities-committee>. History.com has given me insight on the origin of the term Un-American. This article has shown me that McCarthy only used the work of the committe to strength his own investigations and cases.

McCarthy, Joseph. Enemies from Within. History Matters. George Mason U, Feb.-Mar. 1950. Web. 15 Mar. 2012. <http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6456>. Enemies of the State is a speech given by Joe McCarthy. He stated that the communists had inflitrated the government and he will smoke them out. National Public Radio. Closed Door McCarthy Transcripts Released. National Public Radio. National Public Radio, May-June 2003. Web. 15 Mar. 2012. <http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1252460>. This source has provided me with primary source documents that show McCarthy and the rest of the governments view on being a real American in the 1950s. This will be useful for understanding the peoples emotions as well because the representatives and senators represent the constituents from their district or state. Pan American Airways System. Transportation and Airlines. Advertisement. Saturday Evening Post 1941: n. pag. Duke University Libraries. Web. 26 Mar. 2012. <http://library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/adaccess_T2300/>. This database has helped me provide my group with primary resources and advertisments. These advertisments will give the magazine an authentic look. United States. Committee on Governmental Affairs. U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. Washington D.C.: GPO, 11953. Government Printing Office. Web. 15 Mar. 2012. <http://www.gpo.gov/congress/senate/mccarthy/83869.pdf>. This government publication was released in 2003 and it was about the hidden interrogations by Senator Joesph McCarthy. These interrogations were violations of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights and it did not respect the suspects

right to Due Process. This resource has benefitted my research by giving me insight on McCarthys perspective on a real American. Westmore Hollywood Cosmetics. Beauty, Hygiene and Cosmetics. Advertisement. Life Magazine 1952: n. pag. Print. This resource provides me with advertisments that contribute to the authenticity of the project.

Where have we come? Do you remember the days when televisions were just coming out in color, the Cadillac was just beginning to be our favorite car, and we thought it would be impossible to get a plane to carry hundreds of people across the ocean? Well, times have changed, and today we have all of that. Our televisions are finally in color, and now influence almost every aspect of the average Americans life, from news to politics to entertainment. Cars have made huge strides too, and as Im sure, every American has been keeping up with the latest V-8 engines and newest bodies of cars, and speculating about how great the next generation of cars will be. Just as the titanic sunk decades ago, the first of the De Havilland Comet planes came crashing down in what became known as Comet Crashes. While this led the industry to a shaky start, companies like Boeing managed to bring the industry into success. Many things have occurred in the world of science that we hardly even knew of. Im sure that while many America watched television, drove cars, and rode airplanes, few even know what a transistor is. Another great advent in the modern world was the creation of ENIAC and UNIVAC. What were they? There were some of the grandest things ever created. They are giant versions of

calculators that can successfully predict election results. Today technology has come a long way, and for only $120000, the average citizen can purchase the PDP-1, the latest and greatest machine, capable of holding up to 144 kilobytes and playing game like Space-war. Another technology that more of you may know is in medicine. Many of you, especially those of you who have had or have children who have had Poliomyelitis will have heard the name Jonas Salk. He invented the vaccine for this deadly disease, and up till now almost ended the endemic. Even if this disease hasnt affected you, Im sure that you have heard or participated in the March of Dimes, an organization that started in the late 30s, but has helped Salk create his vaccine of Polio. Over 100 million of you have helped the cause and have ended polio for good. I am almost 100% sure that all of you have heard of a little thing called the Cold war. While most of us may not like it, the Soviet Union has made many advances in the field of technology, although the United States was quick to retake the lead. The launch of Sputnik shook the world, and combined with the testing of the first Super bomb in 1952 brought the fear of an attack, not from Russia, but from space. When the Explorer rocket launched, we all hoped that America had evened the score, and even today we dont know what the Russians are planning. Who knows what the future may bring, but I know that all of technology will make huge strides just as it did in the decade.

You can crop of the words at the bottom, this is the book On The Road.

Rebellion! Surveys have shown that despite the restrictive lifestyle that most Americans are forced to live in, many Americans want to experience rebellion, whether it is sexual rebellion, literary rebellion, or artistic rebellion. While Kinsey has paved the path for sexual understanding, several other men were at work throughout the decade, publicly and secretly fighting the established ideology. Well start off with the most widely known of these people, Elvis Presley. Im sure that every one of the teenage readers of this magazine knows who he is, admire his leg movements, and love his music. The truth is that most of it is based off of black music, and while many people may not think of it, it was a form of rebellion that many older Americans disapproved of and thought of as inappropriate race music. His music had an astounding influence on everyone in America.

Because of it, people accepted those of the other race, bebop grow into the new jazz, and although it wasnt full de-segregation, blacks began to feel more confident to fight for their rights now that their culture was accepted. Another inspirational group was Jack Kerouac, and the fatigued and anxious writers known as the Beats (or possibly known to you as the Beatniks). These were a group of writers that were simply tired with life in the post war era, and as a result wanted to let loose, go out across the country and have fun. Such is illustrated in Kerouacs famous book On The Road. These people approved of drug use, sexuality, expression, and buddhism. They looked down upon materialism, and they did with wild success. Within days, Kerouac became a celebrity in the common house, and Howl, a poem written by Allen Ginsberg, would eventually create the scenes of people in a bar listening to howl-type poetry that is common today. Almost immediately after these writers popped up, hundreds more came up expression their own confusions, desires, and pain in the society that they had once loved but now found plain and unoriginal. Probably one of the least known people who changed the world in the 50s (who unfortunately died in 1956) was Jackson Pollock. If you havent heard of him, he revolutionized the New york School of art and brought about a new style of painting without a canvas. He was well known for simply dropping paint wherever he pleased on a large white paper laid out on the ground. This school of art has been gaining traction in the past year, and pretty soon this type of super-modern art may become the image to the works of expressional music and literature being produced at the same time. Americans all over the country have expressed a need for rebellion, and these groups have brought it to them in almost every way imaginable. I dont expect this new creative fever to dissipate anytime soon. In the words of Kerouac, Love is sweeping the country.

Hollywood Reporter: Elvis Presley: Up and Coming Superstar By Brian Alba It seems as though lately, the city of Memphis, Tennessee has more to offer than just mules, spot cotton, and hardwood. The heartthrob rock and roll sensation Elvis Presley has, in the past few months, captivated the hearts of millions of young ladies and stirred up quite a bit of controversy among concerned parents. Elvis The Pelvis swings, sways, and churns his hips on stage as he belts out new singles like Heartbreak Hotel and Jailhouse Rock to throngs of eager fans at shows around the country. Some people tap their feet, some people snap their fingers, and some people sway back and forth. I just sorta do em all together, I guess, Presley described his unconventional dance moves in an interview with our reporters recently, and although unorthodox, they obviously have been working. One of his first shows in Winston-Salem, N.C. left the crowd in

an orgy of hand-clapping, foot-stamping and tonsil-straining screaming, as reported by the Winston-Salem Journal just days after the performance on February 17, 1956. There is also substantial controversy surrounding Presleys music, with some condemning him as a successful rip off of Afro-American artists, but regardless of this, his music and his moves have gained him a considerable following. Bad news also to all the hopeful young ladies out there, Elvis and his new girl, Priscilla Wagner have been spotted on multiple occasions going out together and she has been to just about every one of his many shows in the past few months. Not to worry however! The sensational Elvis can still be experienced at any one of his many upcoming shows, and to all our international Elvis fans, a tour through Europe is rumored in the upcoming years. Presley has truly revolutionized music here in the United States, serving as the frontrunner of the Beat generation: rebellious and nonconforming to the status quo of todays society and undoubtedly catalyzing a new movement toward a less restrained population of youth and an evermore concerned population of parents. Presleys stardom is only at its beginnings, and judging by the commotion that he has stirred up already in such a short time, his fame doesnt see much of an end any time soon. Elvis The Pelvis Presley, should well be rocking, swaying, and gyrating his way to the hearts of millions of eager fans for a long time to come.

Presley Seen here performing at one of his recent shows, captivating fans with his trademark hip swaying and dashing good looks

Op-Ed Section By Brian Alba Little Rock, Big Issue

While in our Declaration of Independence, the single most pivotal document in all of American history, it states famously that all men are created equal, still today, almost 200 years after its signing, our nation fails to live up to the promises it made at its beginning. Race has been an issue pushed under the rug in American government for far too long and the controversy right now at Central High in Little Rock, Arkansas is a prime example. I find it nothing short of appalling that state militia has barred these 9 children from attending school, and

even more appalling that the 101st Airborne had to be sent in to permit their attendance. While yes, in the south segregation has been a staple in society for as long as the country has existed, the only difference between the Little Rock 9 and the rest of the students is the color of their skin. Not their intellect, their intentions, nor their right to an education just like any other good American citizen, and although it would be folly of me to assume that all racial implications had vanished, but the riots, the unregulated violence, the danger that these students endure on a daily basis to fit in with the rest of society are all beyond unacceptable. The Supreme Court decision Brown v. Board of Education made 3 years ago promised to integrate schools with all deliberate speed, however the sheer intolerance of the people of Little Rock have stunted this integration unrightfully so. Hoping that all of the social stigma towards African Americans is one that will surely not be fulfilled any time soon if at all, but to deny them the rights of other citizens simply because of race, even when the foundational document upon which this country was established states that we are all equal, is simply wrong, unjust, and appalling. The turmoil we see in Little Rock is signal for the need of a great change here in America. What kind of government grants people equal rights but does not enforce the laws they pass? The corrupt kind, one with roots still laced with the evil of racism and a hatred for those who are different. It is American to be different; our great nation is composed solely of people who did not belong elsewhere. To adopt the same disparaging ideals as those who drove us away to become this nation is hypocritical, immoral, and ignorant of the basis on which our country was built.