Industrialization and urbanization 4/2/07 1:02 PM

Railroads
•Especially in England
You need a free and growing population
And you need technology
Railroads facilitate this movement
•Governments help build them
•A lot of restrictions as to what employers can do with their employees
•The best government is the government that governs the lease
•The railroads are also going to grow on the basis of technology: the steam
engine
•When you’re using water as uyour energy source you need to be close to
wsources of water
•Once you move to steam power yu can produce anywhere
•We se factories being built this very much shapes the nature of the
industrial revolution
•We start to see the balance of the population from rural to urban
•We also see transformation in the nature of labor and the way in which a
worker sees him/her self
•with the industrial revolution we see the wage labor enter into society
•it also brings in a great deal of disparity
•also poverty becomes more visible
•cities are alos very difficult places
odirty
ono polltion controls
oand dangerous to live in
oLife expectancy in Manchester (17 yrs)
the average is 40
osome cities are ging to try and avoid problems by banning
industrialization
opeople also wrried about the impact of industrialization on the family
and children
•child labor: people get worried about it
•government calls up inquiry on child labor in England
•what are some of the problems with child labor?
•In 1833 the fctory act is passed and has the following provisions
oChildren underthe age f9 are not permitted to work
ochildren 9-13 only alloed t work 9 hours a weekd
oand 13-18 13 hours
oalowed education
othis causes a problem wit supervision
oadditionally only applied ochildren in the textile industry
 ok 1842 the mines act prohibits women af children from preventing
women from working undergrouns
opeople pass laws to deal wth the ecvesses f working in the 1800s
opeople that are benifirinf deom indusialization are actvelt caling for
some change
othe workers want change but habe no polticial voice
oother natins will sgarg to doolo the brtisibh lead
ourbanization
othis growth is fueled by immigration
overcrowding is a huge problem and there’s not enough housing for people
geographical distribution of the population changes, they hae super defined
boundaries
the sanitary situation gets worde
•garbage sits on streets
•not enough water
•outbreaks of diseases and rages
ocholera
oif you were poor I spreads fster
•the poor believe that diseases are conspiracies to get rid of them
•eventually this will lead to calls for reform
social reform
very chauvinistic towards he poor
there is a cncern about illegitimacy
in major cities, somewhere betewwen 25-50% of children that were born were
illegitimate
oundling hospitals about 33,000 childre are left t founding hospitals
4/2/07 1:02 PM
4/2/07 1:02 PM