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Energy conservation measures in Pakistan

REPORT ON ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURSES By THE RAWALPINDI CHAMBER OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY

The Rawalpindi Chamber of Commerce and Industry 39-Civil Lines, Mayo Road, Rawalpindi

Energy conservation measures in Pakistan

INTRODUCTION The latest crisis that Pakistan has to face is the deficiency of electrical power throughout the country. Load shedding has always been a staple of daily life in Pakistan. The problem has become severe in the last couple of years. In the previous two years the situation got so bad power generation bodies in Pakistan went to record levels of load shedding. The power cuts during this time amounted to 20-22 hours a day in most small cities and even major industrial cities like Karachi were seeing 18+ hours of load shedding. Pakistan uses four major sources of energy that are electricity, oil, gas and coal. The major sources through which electricity is produced in Pakistan include hydel, thermal, and nuclear. The total change in the capacity of power plant from 1980-85 to 20002005 is 310% i.e. more than three times. SITUATION ANALYSIS
Demand and

supply of electricity:

According to the Ministry of Water and Power, the deficit of power for the years 200809 and 2009-10 is 4,025 MW and 5,529 MW respectively

Energy conservation measures in Pakistan

Consumers of Electricity Having consumption of 45.9 percent of electricity, domestic sector is the major consumer of electricity in Pakistan, followed by industrial sector 28.2 percent, agricultural 11.5% and commercial sector 7.6 percent.

The situation of energy will further go downhill in future in accordance with the projection of state bank.

Source: State Bank of Pakistan: Report For Fiscal Year 2006

Energy conservation measures in Pakistan

EFFECTS ON PAKISTAN ECONOMY
The macroeconomic implications of energy crisis are large because energy is the resource used to explore all other resources. When energy markets fail, an energy shortage develops.. In developing countries like Pakistan industrial production is the greatest source of revenue for the government. Electricity is a main engine for economic activities and industrial growth. Reliable secure and cheaper electricity supply is needed for commercial activities. Country like Pakistan has to face energy crisis that has multi dimensional effects.

Energy crisis
Unemployment Crime and terrorism Sick industrial units Poverty Increased Crime

Less production Local demand unfulfilled

No or Less exportable

Reliance on imports

Dependency on foreign aids and loans

Trade deficit

Source:Developed By The Researcher Herself The current situation in Pakistan electric supply has another effect of increased cost of production of industrial products which mean the price of product will arise leading to the major problem that is inflation and other trickle down affects. Even if we produce more than local demand, the price in the international market of our product will increase. Less worldwide trade will be the result.

Energy conservation measures in Pakistan

ENERGY CONSERVATION

In a highly developed country like Japan, not only a single energy plant is installed in 17 years. That means that the country is using its existing energy sources in such an efficient way which fulfills all of its energy requirements irrespective of the fact the demand is very high. Pakistan overburdened with the foreign debts, interior economical disaster, political instability, poverty and other social and culture issues can not afford buying expensive sources, electricity, oil, coal etc. there is an imperative need to become self sufficient in energy and reduce pain of masses. Primarily, there are two major steps that can be taken in this regard. 1. Full utilization of our own precious energy sources an employing the method of using renewable energy 2. Conserving energy. 1. Utilizing potential Energy Resources Pakistan has plentiful accessible and unlimited renewable energy (RE) resources, which if tapped effectively can play a considerable role in contributing towards energy protection and energy autonomy of the country. At present, total Renewable Energy produced in the country accounts at 40MW which is about 0.21% of total installed generation capacity of all sorts. The investment potential for the renewable energy sector of the country from short to medium term is over USD 16 billion dollars.

Renewable Energy Potential in Pakistan

Wind Solar Bagasse Cogeneration Waste To Power Mini and Small Hydel Source: Alternative Energy Development Board 0.346 million MV 2.9milliom MV 188MV 500MV 2000MV

Other then hydel ,thermal,nuclear paksitan can produce electricty through: Indigenous Fuel Ethanol And Bio diesel Pakistan can produce indigenous fuel in order to meet the energy crisis. Dropping reliance on imported fuels is significant for the country's economic stability and to achieve self reliance by
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Energy conservation measures in Pakistan

producing indigenous fuels. Recent volatility in oil prices shooting and environmental concerns had further enhanced the need for developing alternate fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. Indigenously produced ethanol and biodiesel could help in achieving import substitution and also enable us escape the hazards of oil price volatility as ethanol is environmentally friendly. Another important local fuel which can be used is fuel grade ethanol which is a by-product of sugar mills. Brazil, India and other countries are using 20 to 30 per cent fuel grade ethanol with petrol to reduce the dependence of important fuel.

Getting Bio fuel from the Worlds Garbage There is abundance of garbage on this planet. The massive raise in the quantum and variety of waste supplies generated by human activity and their potentially harmful effects on the general environment and public health, have led to an increasing awareness about an urgent necessity to adopt scientific processes for safe and useful clearance of these wastes. While there is an obvious need to minimize the generation of wastes and to reuse and recycle them, the technologies for recovery of energy from wastes can play a vital role in mitigating the problems. Besides recovery of substantial energy, these technologies can lead to a considerable diminution in the overall waste quantities requiring final disposal, which can be better managed for safe disposal in a controlled manner while meeting the pollution control standards. There are many waste materials like cow dung, municipal solid waste, industrial waste, rice husk, wheat and rice straw and other composite materials in Pakistan which can be used to produce bio gas that can be used as a substitute of natural gas for winter heating and CNG filling stations for vehicle fuels. Sugarcane bagasse can be potentially be used to generate 2000MW of electric power. Wind Enrgy

Pakistan having tremendous potential to generate wind power.Wind energy is the worlds fastest growing energy source and is one of the few alternative energy forms with the scale potential to reach grid access amounts of +30% of electrical supply. In wind power generation, India ranks fifth in the world. With an installed capacity of over 1267 MW, India's wind power potential is estimated at 45 000 MW. . Where we have among the worlds best potential for wind and Solar
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Energy conservation measures in Pakistan

energy resources, wind can prove to be most likely source of cost-effective renewable electricity in the short term .Given an appropriate regulatory framework wind has the potential to add a new dimension to our energy sector. From The winds of Mahran Valley to the winds of Kaghan Valley they carry lot of promise of an industry that can last forever," which is not only environmentally sound, but also offers regional economic development opportunities that are indigenous, and everlasting. Pakistan can start with an experimental project, as early as in 3 months, while launching a more formal Feasibility program at the same time.

Solar Energy The solar power system was an invention of a US scientist who discovered that light could be stored in silicon panels Solar panels can place on top of homes roof. These are specially designed to attract sunlight and absorb it. The heat is then converted into proper electricity. This electricity passes through a generator and is distributed into home. It works just like normal electricity and all appliances, heaters and every thing will work perfectly. A number of governments all over the World are offering grants or tax reliefs to home owners and businesses using solar energy. This can also prove to be an excellent another source of energy in Pakistan for home as well as different businesses and it can reduce the electricity cost up to 50 to 80%. Various world researches suggests that solar energy is very beneficial source of power in the countries where there is plenty of sunshine and no doubt Pakistan is the most suitable place in this regard. Most cities in Pakistan receive substantial sunlight throughout the year, which would suggest good conditions for investment in solar energy. Solar system of energy production is being criticized due to its huge cost of installation. But it should be estimated that it is one time expense. When the system will start, initial cost can be easily recovered Many people think that solar energy does not work effectively in overcast weather. This is not so. If there is light, your solar system will work and you will get enough electricity to keep your home running, even in overcast conditions. It goes without saying that in countries

Energy conservation measures in Pakistan

that have extremely cold winters with snow and rain, a solar system will not provide enough power

Coal Hydropower and coal is certainly under-utilized today, as Pakistan has ample potential supplies of both, at a time when these resources provide for relatively little of Pakistans energy needs. Pakistans proven coal reserves are the worlds sixth largest, Pakistan should intends to increase the share of coal in the overall energy blend from 7 to 18 percent . More than a half of the electricity, generated in the United States is provided by coal which also accounts for a quarter of all energy supplies in the States. In China coal is the source of three-quarters of countrys total energy needs including cooking, heating and power generation. In neighboring India coal supplies 57 per cent of energy and 70 per cent of electricity. In Pakistan, a country which has abundance of coal reserves, less than 12 per cent of the coal produced in the country is used by the power sector while the rest is used by the brickmaking sector for the benefit of the construction industry. Coal reserves in Pakistan are estimated at over 183 billion tones. In many industrialized countries coal has been replaced by natural gas and other cleaner fuels as a source to generate power. But the heavy dependence on coal for energy and power in the US, the second leading consumer, proves that with proper safeguards it could still be a much less expensive fuel substitute particularly the countries in the developing world. The country is heavily dependent on hydel energy the production of which is dependent on the amount of rainfall and the level of water in the dams. However, as dams could not be built just about everywhere and are costly projects the bulk of power generation by public as well as private sector in Pakistan is thermal. It a fact that Sindh has a very large coal resource potential 183 billion tonnes outlined in and around in Lakhra, Sonda-Jherruck, Indus East, Tear and Badin coal fields. Coal gasification and coal-to-liquid are some proven technologies available which can be successfully employed in Pakistan to reduce dependence on imported oil and natural gas. Coal gasification offers one of the most versatile and cleanest ways to convert the energy
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Energy conservation measures in Pakistan

content of coal into electricity, hydrogen, and other energy forms like fuel. Rather than burning coal directly, gasification breaks down coal, or virtually any carbon-based feedstock, into its basic chemical constituents.

Tidal energy Tidal energy, which provides a form of hydropower generated through the movement of tidal currents of the sea, is being started in several countries around the world, and it can be more profitable than wind energy and solar power. In Pakistan, which has over 700 kilometers of coastline, the prospect of using tidal power has yet to be analyzed. 2. Import of Energy Efficient Products. Government of Pakistan should primarily subsidize the import of high efficiency (star certified) appliances as it is the smartest, most economical action that government can take. The value of energy that can be saved using energy efficient products is far more then what government will have to spend in subsidizing theses products like solar water heaters, blinkers. solar cookers ,solar fans ,solar garden light ,solar geysers, solar home light, solar inverters, solar lanterns, solar luminaries, solar modules solar refrigerators solar road studs solar street lights solar swimming pool heating systems ,solar mobile chargers, refrigerators. solar stoves for rural and

Solar Cooker

Solar Garden Lights

Energy conservation measures in Pakistan

Solar mobile charger

Solar refrigerator

Solar street lights

This rational step would not only reduce the burden of utility bills of our people but will also reduce the demand for these energy fuels. That also means less emission of hazardous gases and less pollution. For both commercial and domestic user, this act of subsidizing the import of energy efficient products for commercial as well s domestic user can prove to be productive. 3. Complying With the International Standards of Quality. 20% of house electricity is consumed by refrigerators. Local manufacturers of electric appliances should be encouraged to manufacturer quality products consuming less units of electricity by fulfilling the international standards of quality .there is a need to start a proper quality check. In this way not only we can become self sufficient in these products but also the demand for such product in the international market will rise. Various countries, including India, government institutions invent products and provide them to people on easy installments. Countries are establishing energy efficiency standards for their commercial and consumer products.paksitan can also come up with such strong standards as well. 4. Self Sustainable Industrial Units Self sustainable new industrial units using garbage and wastes as a source of electricity should be encouraged by giving them the incentive in the shape of cutback in tax. as waste can also be used for electricity generation. Even though this method would not be as environment-friendly as renewable energy sources, but it can help diminish the gap in demand and supply of the
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Energy conservation measures in Pakistan

electricity to Pakistan. There have been tax incentives for commercial property, new home construction, existing home improvements, appliances, residential fuel cells, and business fuel cells, In order to conserve energy; a need arises to take measures in this regard 5. Solar Water Pumps Tube wells to be replaced with solar pumps. India has replaced its tube wells successfully with solar pumps. India s successfully manufacturing water pump systems ,solar energy panels -,solar power controllers -solar water systems , solar water energy applications ,remote solar energy source for livestock watering , remote chlorination systems application ,solar energy systems for traditional and drip irrigation method , remote solar energy source for pollution monitoring and remediation wells - solar power source for agriculture, water irrigation and deep wells. Pakistan having lot climate suitability for solar energy can also introduce such products all across. 6. Small Investment Projects Commercial users of electricity or domestic user residing near rivers, or waterfall can initiate small projects to become self sufficient in energy production with the partial financial support of local government. 7. Import of Luxurious Item Import of luxurious item consuming a lot of energy should further be taxed. by powerful awareness campaigns indulge in the mind of people to draw a line between the necessities and luxuries 8. Formulation of Products For detergent companies it should be made compulsory to formulate their products that can work in both cold and warm water .to avoid the losses of gas heat. 9. Insulation Of Buildings Insulating homes, walls and ceilings is a one time expense. Covering roofs with weather protection jackets layer is not costly. This can save energy by keeping the temperature adjustments according to the weather.Governemnt can offer tax concessions on energy efficient home design.
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Energy conservation measures in Pakistan

10. Re Design Policies for Community Work and Internships. Make it compulsory for the university student to do their community work especially in designing and implementing proper awareness campaigns about the benefits and methods of conserving energy especially in schools and other educational institutes. 10. Social Responsibility For industries consuming huge amount of energy, social responsibility should be properly and effectively communicated to reduce their consumption pattern rather it should be made compulsory for them to properly strategize for it as they do for profits. 11. Instruction To Educational Institutes Schools and colleges should be instructed to start properly designed motivational talks and activities for their students regarding their responsibilities as a citizen from the very early stage and conveying them the ideas and guidelines regarding the energy conservation practices and the obvious benefits of these techniques. Little activities on these topics would not only inculcate in the minds of our new generation about their obligation toward the country but their practical reaction after such workshops can be possibly be a more responsible consumption pattern at homes and institutes . 12. Effective Awareness Campaigns. Using electronic media, TV channels and social networking sites, noticeable awareness campaigns should be initiated, educating common man how to reduce their utilization by doing little efforts along with communicating the payback of conserving energy. For example the following point can be tinted in the campaigns. Residential designs should be such that day light can easily be passed and energy thus consumed in bulbs and lights can be saved. During construction, drainage of sink water can be linked with flush systems of houses. In this way wastage of water can be minimized. Buy energy-efficient appliances. Give people incentive to replace their old appliances with new (energy star labeled) tools. Buy a car that is more fuel-efficient and produces lower emissions. Turn off lights and other energy consuming appliances if you are not using them.
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Energy conservation measures in Pakistan

Clean the filters of your air conditioner. Turn down the water temperature on your water heaters. Tunned cars and vehicles and come up with standards.

Turn off your computer and monitor when they are not being used. Contrary to popular beliefs, turning them on and off will not cause damage. Promote the use of latest energy saving equipments like water motors, irons ,refrigerators etc so that people start using them by giving instruction to the respective chambers to arrange exhibitions for these product. Use sunlight to your advantage during the day and turn off artificial lighting. USE Smart electric meters .According to recent studies from the Smart Meter has reduced electricity bills by over 10 percent and is one of the most effective ways how to conserve electricity and energy. Introduce Fluorescent Light Bulbs .These long-lasting bulbs use about one third of the power required to produce the same amount of light that is produced by a standard glowing bulb. 14. Utilize Countrys Resource of Knowledgeable Youth.

Students specializing in engineering should be given productive research topics and practical research work to be done in exploring the new energy efficient, techniques, and products.

15.

Restriction on commercial users

Shops dealing in cloth and garments, jewellery, cosmetics, home appliances and electronics are usually lavishly lit. It is commonly observed that shops that could do with two or three 40-watt tube lights to meet the desired level of luminance use as many as 15 to 20 tubes. Not only does this increase power consumption, it also generates heat and makes the environment uncomfortable. There must be restriction on these users about the usage and wastage of resources. They should be the given a limit of timing and units.

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Energy conservation measures in Pakistan

References 1. 2. 3. http://www.defence.pk/forums/economy-development/15977-pakistanihttp://www.alternative-energy-news.info/technology/garbage-energy http://www.solarwater.com/features.htm 4. http://www.indiamart.com/company/1254389/products.html 5. http://www.ilmkidunya.com/student_articles/article_details.aspx?article_id=426

coal-can-solve-electricity-crisis-report-3.html

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Women's empowerment program in Rawalpindi

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