Ip-10g&f-Pd - 2-2010 - V26

FibeAir IP-10 G-Series & F-Series Series
P Product Description
Document Version: 26 February 2010
Notice
This document contains information that is proprietary to Ceragon Networks Ltd. No part of this publication may be reproduced, modified, or distributed without prior written authorization of Ceragon Networks Ltd. This document is provided as is, without warranty of any kind.
Registered Trademarks
Ceragon Networks , FibeAir and CeraView are registered trademarks of Ceragon Networks Ltd. Other names mentioned in this publication are owned by their respective holders.
Trademarks
CeraMap , ConfigAir , PolyView , EncryptAir CeraMon , EtherAir , and MicroWave Fiber , are trademarks of Ceragon Networks Ltd. Other names mentioned in this publication are owned by their respective holders.
TM TM TM TM, TM TM TM
Statement of Conditions
The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Ceragon Networks Ltd. shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damage in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this document or equipment supplied with it.
Information to User
Any changes or modifications of equipment not expressly approved by the manufacturer could void the users authority to operate the equipment and the warranty for such equipment. Copyright 2010 by Ceragon Networks Ltd. All rights reserved.
Corporate Headquarters: Ceragon Networks Ltd. 24 Raoul Wallenberg St. Tel Aviv 69719, Israel Tel: 972-3-645-5733 Fax: 972-3-645-5499 Email: info@ceragon.com North American Headquarters: Ceragon Networks Inc. 10 Forest Avenue, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA Tel: 1-201-845-6955 Toll Free: 1-877-FIBEAIR Fax: 1-201-845-5665 Email: infous@ceragon.com
www.ceragon.com
European Headquarters: Ceragon Networks (UK) Ltd. 4 Oak Tree Park, Burnt Meadow Road North Moons Moat, Redditch, Worcestershire B98 9NZ, UK Tel: 44-(0)-1527-591900 Fax: 44-(0)-1527-591903 Email: infoeuro@ceragon.com APAC Headquarters: Ceragon Networks APAC (S'pore) Pte Ltd 100 Beach Road #27-01/03 Shaw Towers Singapore 189702 Tel.: 65 65724170 Fax: 65 65724199
FibeAir IP-10 G-Series & F-Series Product Description
Introducing FibeAir IP-10

FibeAir IP-10 is Ceragon's comprehensive high capacity IP and Migration-to-IP network solution. The innovative IP-10 was designed as a native Ethernet microwave radio platform that can integrate smoothly in any network, while providing a broad range of software-configurable licensed channel schemes. IP-10 follows in the tradition of Ceragon's Native2, which allows your network to benefit from both native TDM and native Ethernet using the same radio. Flexible bandwidth sharing between the TDM and Ethernet traffic ensures optimal throughput for all your media transfer needs. With the Metro Ethernet Networking trend growing, IP-10 is poised to fill in the gap and deliver high capacity IP communication quickly, easily, and reliably.
nXT1/E1 n X T1/E1
MEN
ETH
Control
IP-10 features impressive market-leading throughput capability together with advanced networking functionality. Some of the quick points that place IP-10 at the top of the wireless IP offerings: Supports all licensed bands, from 6 to 38 GHz Supports channel bandwidths of from 3.5 MHz to 56 MHz Supports throughputs of from 5 to 500 Mbps per radio carrier (QPSK to 256 QAM) Incorporates advanced integrated Ethernet switching capabilities In addition, using unique Adaptive Coding & Modulation (ACM), your network benefits from non-stop, dependable, capacity deliverance.
Features
Highest Spectral Efficiency Modulations: QPSK to 256 QAM Radio capacity: o o ETSI up to 20/50/100/220/280/500 Mbps over 3.5/7/14/28/40/56 MHz channels FCC up to 70/140/240/320/450 Mbps over 10/20/30/40/50 MHz channels
All licensed bands: L6, U6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 15, 18, 23, 26, 28, 32, 38 GHz Highest scalability: From 10 Mbps to 500 Mbps, using the same hardware, including the same ODU/RFU! Configurations: 1+0 or 1+1 Hot Standby (fully redundant), 1+1 SD, 2+0/2+2 TDM Voice Transmission with Dynamic Allocation - With the n x E1/T1 option, only enabled E1/T1 ports are allocated with capacity. The remaining capacity is dynamically allocated to the Ethernet ports to ensure maximum Ethernet capacity.
OA&M
Service Management
Security
Carrier Ethernet Switch ACM

Gigabit Ethernet Fast Ethernet
TDM Cross Connect

XPIC Multi Radio Diversity
Radio Ethernet + TDM

10-500Mbps, 7-56MHz
Native2
E1/ DS1
Ch-STM1/ OC3
Terminal Mux
RFU (6-38GHz)
FibeAir IP-10 functional block diagram
FibeAir IP-10 Capacity vs. Channel Bandwidth

600 500 Capacity [Mbps] 400 300 200 100 0 7 10 14 20 28/30 40 50 56 Channel Bandwidth [MHz]
FibAir IP-10 Legacy PDH Legacy SDH
est High
y Ch t an a city apa C
idth ndw a el B ann
FibeAir IP-10 G-Series & F-Series Series F

F-Series
Supported radio configurations 1+0, 1+1 HSB, 1+1 SD
G-Series
1+0, 1+1 HSB, 1+1 SD SD, 2+0/Multi-radio, 2+2/Mult-radio
XPIC option Max radio capacity # of Ethernet interfaces Full Carrier Ethernet switching feature-set including ring protection # of E1/T1 integrated IDU interfaces option # of E1/T1s per radio carrier T-Card slot (additional 16 E1/T1 interfaces or STM1/OC3 Mux) Nodal/XC/SNCP support Sync unit option V.11/RS232 User Channel option
100 Mbps 5 x FE RJ-45 Yes
Yes 500Mbps 1Gbps using 2+0/XPIC 5 x FE RJ-45+ (RJ-45/SFP) 2 x GE combo (RJ Yes
16 E1, None 44 E1s Yes Yes -
16 E1, 16T1, None 75 E1s / 84 T1s Yes Yes Yes 2 x Async V.11/RS232 or 1 x Sync V.11
FibeAir IP-10 G-series
FibeAir IP-10 F-series
FibeAir IP-10 G-Series & F-Series Product Description Series
Native2 Microwave Radio Technology At the heart of the IP-10 solution is Ceragon's market-leading Native2 microwave technology. With this technology, the microwave carrier supports native IP/Ethernet traffic together with optional native PDH. Neither traffic type is mapped over the other, while both dynamically share the same overall bandwidth. This unique approach allows you to plan and build optimal all-IP or hybrid TDM-IP backhaul networks which make it ideal for any RAN (Radio Access Network) evolution path selected by the wireless provider (including Green-Field 3.5G/4G all-IP installations). In addition, Native2 ensures: Very low link latency of <0.15 msecs @ 400 Mbps. Very low overhead mapping for both Ethernet and TDM traffic, to the microwave radio frame. High precision native TDM synchronization distribution.
Adaptive Coding & Modulation ACM employs the highest possible modulation during changing environmental conditions, which may be conditions from QPSK to 256 QAM. The benefits of this dynamic feature include: Maximized spectrum usage Increased capacity over a given bandwidth 8 modulation/coding work points (~3 db system gain for each point change) Supports both Ethernet and T1/E1 traffic Hitless and errorless modulation/coding changes based on signal quality rrorless changes, T1/E1 traffic has priority over Ethernet traffic An integrated QoS mechanism enable intelligent congestion management to ensure that your high ntegrated enables priority traffic is not affected during link fading fading. Each T1/E1 is assigned a priority to enable differentiated T1/E1 dropping during severe link degradation.
Integrated Layer-2 Switching IP-10 supports two modes for Ethernet switching: Smart Pipe - In this mode, Ethernet switching functionality is disabled and only a single Ethernet interface is enabled for user traffic. The unit effectively operates as a point-to-point Ethernet microwave radio. Metro Switch - In this mode, Ethernet switching functionality is enabled.
The following table lists the different aspects of IP-10 functionality.
QoS-Aware Dynamic Congestion Management (with ACM) Four priority (CoS) queues Advanced CoS classifier: 802.1p, VLAN ID, IPv4 / IPv6 (DSCP/TOS/TC). Advanced ingress traffic policing/rate-limiting per port/CoS Flexible scheduling: Strict Priority, Weighted Round Robin, or hybrid. Traffic shaping 802.3x flow control (for loss-less) operation Intelligent Ethernet Header Compression (patent-pending) Improves effective throughput by up to 45%! Does not affect user traffic.
Ethernet packet size (bytes)
Capacity increase by compression
64 96 128 256 512
45% 29% 22% 11% 5%
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Extensive Radio Capacity/Utilization Statistics Statistics are collected at 15-minute and 24-hour intervals Historical statistics are stored and made available when needed Capacity/ACM statistics: - Maximum modulation in interval - Minimum modulation in interval - # of seconds in an interval, during which active modulation was below the user-configured threshold Utilization statistics: - Maximal radio link utilization in an interval - Average radio link utilization in an interval - # of seconds in an interval, during which radio link utilization was above the user-configured threshold In-Band Management IP-10 can optionally be managed in-band, via its radio and Ethernet interfaces. This method of management eliminates the need for a dedicated interface and network. In-band management uses a dedicated management VLAN, which is user-configurable. Native TDM Base Station Timing & Synchronization Each T1/E1 trail carries a native TDM clock, which is compliant with strict cellular application requirements (2G/3G), and is suitable as a base station timing source. This eliminates the need for timing-over-packet techniques for base station synchronization.
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Advantages
IP-10 has many advantages that cover the many aspects of flexible and reliable network building.
Incomparable Economic Value

The IP-10 pay-as-you-grow concept reduces network costs. Each network node is optimized individually, with future capacity growth in mind. Whenever needed, additional functionality is enabled via upgrade license, using the same hardware. Using this flexible economic approach, a full duplex throughput of more than 400 Mbps over a single channel can be achieved.
Experience Counts
IP-10 was designed with continuity in mind. It is based on Ceragons well-established and field-proven IP-MAX Ethernet microwave technology. With Ceragon's large install base, years of experience in high-capacity IP radios, and seamless integration with all standard IP equipment vendors, IP-10 is poised to be an IP networking standard-bearer.
Native2
With Native2, you get optimal all-IP or hybrid TDM-IP backhaul networking - ideal for any RAN evolution path!
User-Management Traffic Integration

In-Band Management significantly simplifies backhaul network design and maintenance, reducing both CapEx and OpEx. It also dramatically improves overall network availability and reliability, enabling support for services with stringent SLA (Service Level Agreement).
Unique Full Range Adaptive Modulation

Provides the widest modulation range on the market from QPSK to 256 QAM with multi-level real-time hitless and errorless modulation shifting changing dynamically according to environmental conditions while ensuring zero downtime connectivity.
Guaranteed Ultra Low Latency (< 0.15 ms @ 400Mbps)

Suitable for delay-sensitive applications, such as VoIP and Video over IP.
Extended Quality of Service (QoS) Support

Enables smart packet queuing and prioritization.
Fully Integrated L2 Ethernet Switching Functionality

Including VLAN based switching, MAC address learning, QinQ and STP/RSTP/MSTP support.
Multiple Network Topology Support

Mesh, Ring, Chain, Point-to-Point.
Longer Transmission Distances, Smaller Antennas

Reduces network costs and enables a farther reach to the other end.
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Applications
Mobile backhaul Cellular Networks FibeAir IP-10 family supports both Ethernet and TDM for cellular backhaul network migration to IP, within the same compact footprint. The system is suitable for all migration scenarios where carrier-grade Ethernet and legacy TDM services are required simultaneously. WiMAX Networks Enabling connectivity between WiMAX base stations and facilitating the expansion and reach of emerging WiMAX networks, FibeAir IP-10 provides a robust and cost-efficient solution with advanced native Ethernet capabilities. FibeAir IP-10 family offers cost-effective, high-capacity connectivity for carriers in cellular, WiMAX and fixed markets. The FibeAir IP-10 platform supports multi-service and converged networking requirements for both legacy and the latest data-rich applications and services. Converged Fixed/Wireless Networks Ceragons FibeAir IP-10 delivers integrated high speed data, video and voice traffic in the most optimum and cost-effective manner. Operators can leverage FibeAir IP-10 to build a converged network infrastructure based on high capacity microwave to support multiple types of service. FibeAir IP-10 is fully compliant with MEF-9 & MEF-14 standards for all service types (EPL, EVPL and ELAN) making it the ideal platform for operators looking to provide high capacity Carrier Ethernet services meeting customers demand for coverage and stringent SLA.
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System Overview
General
Split-mount architecture (IDU and RFU/ODU) Compatible with all existing Ceragon RFUs/ODUs. Dimensions o o o Height: 42.6 mm (1RU) Width: 439 mm (<19") Depth: 188 mm (fits in ETSI rack)
DC input voltage nominal rating: -48V
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TDM interfaces add-on slot
Fans drawer
Craft Terminal (DB9)
External Alarms (DB9) User Channel (optional)
16 x E1/T1s (optional) Protection Interface (RJ45) 2 x GE combo ports Electrical (RJ45) or Optical (SFP) 5 x FE Electrical (RJ45)
Engineering order-wire (optional)
RFU interface (N-Type)
GND Power -48V DC
IP-10 G-Series Front Panel and Interfaces

Fans drawer
Craft Terminal (DB9)
External Alarms (DB9)
16 x E1s (optional) Protection Interface (RJ45) 5 x FE Electrical (RJ45)
RFU interface (N-Type)
GND Power -48V DC
IP-10 F-Series Front Panel and Interfaces
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Interfaces
Main Interfaces: 5 x 10/100Base-T 2 x GbE combo ports: 10/100/1000Base-T or SFP 1000Base-X (G-Series only) 16 x T1/E1 (optional) RFU/ODU interface, N-type connector Additional Interfaces: TDM T-Card Slot options (G-Series only): o o o 16 x E1 16 x T1 1 x STM-1/OC-3
16 x E1/T1 T-Card
STM-1/OC-3 Mux T-Card
The T-cards are field-upgradable, and add a new dimension to the FibeAir IP-10 migration flexibility.
TDM interfaces add-on card (T-Card)

FibeAir IP-10 G-Series & F-Series Product Description 16
Terminal console AUX package (optional): o o Engineering Order Wire (EOW) User channel (V.11 Asynchronous, RS-232)
External alarms (4 inputs & 1 output) PROT: Ethernet protection control interface (for 1+1 HSB mode support) In addition, each of the FE traffic interfaces can be configured to support an alternate mode of operation: MGT: Ethernet out-of-band management (up to 3 interfaces) WS: Ethernet wayside
Available Assembly Options *

TDM options: o o o Ethernet only (no TDM) Ethernet + 16 x E1 + T-Card Slot (F-Series without T-card) Ethernet + 16 x T1 + T-Card Slot (G-Series only)
With or without AUX package (EOW, User channel) XPIC support (G-Series only) Sync unit * Contact Ceragon support for available combinations.
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FibeAir IP-10 Strong Economic Value

Pay-as-you-grow concept to reduce network costs Future capacity growth and additional functionality enabled with license keys and innovative stackable nodal solution using the same hardware! The FibeAir IP-10 offers the following Value structure:
Software license keys
Assembly options
Add-ons
Additional IDUs (IDU stacking)
G&F Series
Radio ACM Carrier Ethernet Switch Network resiliency Sync. Unit Radio Capacity 10M 25M 50M (16E1*) 100M (32E1*)
150M (48E1/64E1*) 200M (75E1*) 300M All / 500M
Sync. Unit TDM interfaces

16 E1 16 DS1
Nodal enclosures
Main Expansion
Redundancy Diversity Addition radio

directions in node
SFPs Cables
G-Series Only
T-card slot XPIC support AUX

UC (V.11/RS-232) EOW
T-Cards
16 E1 16 DS1 STM1/OC3-Mux
Capacity doubling
XPIC Multi-radio
* TDM capacity license
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Adaptive Coding and Modulation

Adaptive Coding and Modulation refers to the automatic adjustment that a wireless system can make in order to optimize over-the-air transmission and prevent weather-related fading from causing communication on the link to be disrupted. When extreme weather conditions, such as a storm, affect the transmission and receipt of data and voice over the wireless network, an ACM-enabled radio system automatically changes modulation allowing real-time applications to continue to run uninterrupted. Varying the modulation also varies the amount of bits that are transferred per signal, thereby enabling higher throughputs and better spectral efficiencies. For example, a 256 QAM modulation can deliver approximately four times the throughput of 4 QAM (QPSK). Ceragon Networks employs full-range dynamic ACM in its new line of high-capacity wireless backhaul product - FibeAir IP-10. In order to ensure high transmission quality, Ceragon solutions implement hitless/errorless ACM that copes with 90 dB per second fading. A quality of service awareness mechanism ensures that high priority voice and data packets are never dropped, thus maintaining even the most stringent service level agreements (SLAs). The hitless/errorless functionality of Ceragons ACM has another major advantage in that it ensures that TCP/IP sessions do not time-out. Lab simulations have shown that when short fades occur (for example if a system has to terminate the signal for a short time to switch between modulations) they may lead to timeout of the TCP/IP sessions even when the interruption is only 50 milliseconds. TCP/IP timeouts are followed by a drastic throughput decrease over the time it takes for the TCP sessions to recover. This may take as long as several seconds. With a hitless/errorless ACM implementation this problem can be avoided. So how does it really work? Let's assume a system configured for 128 QAM with ~170 Mbps capacity over a 28 MHz channel. When the receive signal Bit Error Ratio (BER) level arrives at a predetermined threshold, the system will preemptively switch to 64 QAM and the throughput will be stepped down to ~140 Mbps. This is an errorless, virtually instantaneous switch. The system will then run at 64 QAM until the fading condition either intensifies, or disappears. If the fade intensifies, another switch will take the system down to 32 QAM. If on the other hand the weather condition improves, the modulation will be switched back to the next higher step (e.g. 128QAM) and so on, step by step .The switching will continue automatically and as quickly as needed, and can reach during extreme conditions all the way down to QPSK.
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Rx level
256 QAM 99.9 % 128 QAM 99.95 % 64 QAM 99.99 % 32 QAM 99.995 % 16 QAM 99.999 % QPSK
200 170
200 140
100
200
120 Unavailability
200 Mbps
Capacity (@ 28 MHz channel)
Adaptive Modulation and Built-in Quality of Service Ceragon's Adaptive Modulation has a remarkable synergy with the equipment's built-in Layer 2 Quality of Service mechanism. Since QoS provides priority support for different classes of service, according to a wide range of criteria (see below) it is possible to configure the system to discard only low priority packets as conditions deteriorate. The FibeAir IP-10 platform can classify packets according to the most external header, VLAN 802.1p, TOS / TC - IP precedence and VLAN ID. All classes use 4 levels of prioritization with user selectable options between strict priority queuing and weighted fair queuing with user configurable weights. If the user wishes to rely on external switches QoS, Adaptive Modulation can work with them via the flow control mechanism supported in the radio.
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Quality of Service (QoS)

Traffic Classification and policing The system examines the incoming traffic and assigns the desired priority according to the marking of the packets (based on the user port/L2/L3 marking in the packet). In case of congestion in the ingress port, low priority packets will be discarded first. The user has the following classification options: Source Port VLAN 802.1p VLAN ID IPv4 TOS/DSCP IPv6 Traffic Class After classification traffic policing/rate-limiting can optionally be applied per port/CoS. Queuing and Scheduling The system has four priority queues that are served according to three types of scheduling, as follows: Strict priority: all top priority frames egress towards the radio until the top priority queue is empty. Then, the next lowest priority queues frames egress, and so on. This approach ensures that high priority frames are always transmitted as soon as possible. Weighted Round Robin (WRR): each queue can be assigned with a user-configurable weight from 1 to 32. Hybrid: One or two highest priority queues as "strict" and the other according to WRR
Shaping is supported per interface on egress.
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Ethernet Statistics
The FibeAir IP-10 platform stores and displays statistics in accordance with RMON and RMON2 standards. The following groups of statistics can be displayed: Ingress line receive statistics Ingress radio transmit statistics Egress radio receive statistics Egress line transmit statistics The statistics that can be displayed within each group include the following: Ingress Line Receive Statistics Sum of frames received without error Sum of octets of all valid received frames Number of frames received with a CRC error Number of frames received with alignment errors Number of valid received unicast frames Number of valid received multicast frames Number of valid received broadcast frames Number of packets received with less than 64 octets Number of packets received with more than 12000 octets (programmable) Frames (good and bad) of 64 octets Frames (good and bad) of 65 to 127 octets Frames (good and bad) of 128 to 256 octets Frames (good and bad) of 256 to 511 octets Frames (good and bad) of 512 to 1023 octets Frames (good and bad) of 1024 to 1518 octets Frames (good and bad) of 1519 to 12000 octets
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Ingress Radio Transmit Statistics Sum of frames transmitted to radio Sum of octets transmitted to radio Number of frames dropped Egress Radio Receive Statistics Sum of valid frames received by radio Sum of octets of all valid received frames Sum of all frames received with errors Egress Line Transmit Statistics Sum of valid frames transmitted to line Sum of octets transmitted Notes: Statistic parameters are polled each second, from system startup. All counters can be cleared simultaneously. The following statistics are displayed every 15 minutes (in the Radio and E1/T1 performance monitoring windows): Utilization - four utilizations: ingress line receive, ingress radio transmit, egress radio receive, and egress line transmit Packet error rate - ingress line receive, egress radio receive Seconds with errors - ingress line receive
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End-To-End Network Management

Ceragon provides state-of-the-art management based on SNMP and HTTP. Integrated Web Based Element Manager: Each device includes an HTTP based element manager that enables the operator to perform element configuration, RF, Ethernet, and PDH performance monitoring, remote diagnostics, alarm reports, and more. PolyView is Ceragon's NMS server that includes CeraMap its friendly and powerful client graphical interface. PolyView can be used to update and monitor network topology status, provide statistical and inventory reports, define end-to-end traffic trails, download software and configure elements in the network. In addition, it can integrate with Northbound NMS platforms, to provide enhanced network management. The application is written in Java code and enables management functions at both the element and network levels. It runs on Windows 2000/2003/XP/Vista and Sun Solaris.
Integrated IP-10 Web EMS and PolyView NMS
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FibeAir IP-10 & FibeAir RFU RFUs

FibeAir IP-10 is based on the latest Ceragon technology, and can be installed together with any FibeAir 10 RFU, including: FibeAir 1500HP (FibeAir RFU RFU-HP) FibeAir 1500HS (FibeAir RFU RFU-HS) FibeAir 1500SP (FibeAir RFU RFU-SP) FibeAir 1500P (FibeAir RFU-P) P) FibeAir RFU-C FibeAir RFUs support multiple capacities, frequencies, modulation schemes, and configurations for various network requirements. The RFUs operate in the frequency range of 6 6-38 GHz, and support capacities of from 10 Mbps to 500 , Mbps, for TDM and IP interfaces. For more information, see the relevant RFU Product Description.
IP-10 works with
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Carrier Grade Ethernet

Carrier Ethernet is a high speed medium for MANs (Metro Area Networks). It defines native Ethernet packet access to the Internet and is today being deployed more and more in wireless networks. The first native Ethernet services to emerge were point to point-based, followed by emulated LAN (multipoint to multipoint-based). Services were first defined and limited to metro area networks. They have now been extended across wide area networks and are available worldwide from many service providers. The term "carrier Ethernet" implies that Ethernet services are "carrier grade". The benchmark for carrier grade was set by the legacy TDM telephony networks, to describe services that achieve "five nines (9.9999%)" uptime. Although it is debatable whether carrier Ethernet will reach that level of reliability, the goal of one particular standards organization is to accelerate the development and deployment of services that live up to the name. Carrier Ethernet is poised to become the major component of next-generation metro area networks, which serve as the aggregation layer between customers and core carrier networks. A metro Ethernet network, which uses IP Layer 3 MPLS forwarding, is currently the primary focus of carrier Ethernet activity. The standard service types for Carrier Ethernet include: E-Line Service This service is employed for Ethernet private lines, virtual private lines, and Ethernet Internet access.
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E-LAN Service This service is employed for multipoint L2 VPNs, transparent LAN service, foundation for IPTV, and multicast networks.
Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF)

The Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF) is a global industry alliance started in 2001. In 2005, the MEF committed to this new carrier standard, and launched a Carrier Ethernet Certification Program to facilitate delivery of services to end users. The MEF 6 specification defines carrier Ethernet as "A ubiquitous, standardized, carrier-class Service and Network defined by five attributes that distinguish it from familiar LAN based Ethernet". The five attributes include: Standardized Services Quality of Service (QoS) Service Management Scalability Reliability
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The Benefits
For service providers, the technology convergence of Carrier Ethernet ensures a decrease in CAPEX and OPEX. Access networks employ Ethernet to provide backhaul for IP DSLAMs, PON, WiMAX, and direct Ethernet over fiber/copper. Flexible Layer 2 VPN services, such as private line, virtual private line, or emulated LAN, offer new revenue streams. For Enterprises, a reduction in cost is achieved through converged networks for VoIP, data, video conferencing, and other services. In addition, Ethernet standardization reduces network complexity.
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FibeAir IP-10 Carrier Ethernet Solution

Ceragon's FibeAir IP-10 includes a built-in Carrier Ethernet switch. The switch operates in one of two modes: Metro Switch - Carrier Ethernet is active.
IP-10
Ethernet User Interfaces

Carrier Ethernet Switch
Radio Interface
Metro Switch Mode

Smart Pipe - Carrier Ethernet is not active.
IP-10
Ethernet User Interface
Radio Interface
Smart Pipe Mode

Using Smart Pipe, only a single Ethernet interface is enabled for user traffic and IP-10 acts as a point-topoint Ethernet microwave radio. FibeAir IP-10 is equipped with an extensive Carrier Ethernet feature set which eliminates the need for an external switch.
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MEF Certified
The Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF) runs a Certification Program with the aim of promoting the deployment of Carrier Ethernet in Access Networks, MANs, and WANs. The program offers certification for Carrier Ethernet equipment supplied to service providers. The program covers the following areas: MEF-9: Service certification MEF-14: Traffic management and service performance FibeAir IP-10 is fully MEF-9 & MEF-14 certified for all Carrier Ethernet services (E-Line & E-LAN).
IP-10 Carrier Ethernet Functionality

IP-10 meets all Carrier Ethernet Service specifications, in each category:
Standardized Services Scalability
MEF-9 and MEF-14 certified for all service types (EPL, EVPL, and ELAN) Up to 500 Mbps per radio carrier Integrated non-blocking switch with 4K VLANs 802.1ad provider bridges (QinQ) Scalable nodal solution Scalable networks (1000s of NEs) Advanced CoS classification Advanced traffic policing/rate-limiting CoS based packet queuing/buffering Flexible scheduling schemes Traffic shaping Highly reliable & integrated design Fully redundant 1+1 HSB & nodal configurations Hitless ACM (QPSK - 256 QAM) for enhanced radio link availability Wireless Ethernet Ring (RSTP based) 802.3ad link aggregation Fast link state propagation
Quality of Service (QoS)
Reliability
- <50 msec restoration time (typical)

Service Management
- Extensive multi-layer management capabilities - 802.1ag Ethernet service OA&M - Advanced Ethernet statistics
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Integrated QoS Support

QoS is a method of classifications and scheduling employed to ensure that Ethernet packets are forwarded and discarded according to their priority. QoS works by slowing unimportant packets down, or, in cases of extreme network traffic, discarding them entirely. This leaves room for important packets to reach their destination as quickly as possible. Basically, once the router knows how much data it can queue on the modem at any given time, it can "shape" traffic by delaying unimportant packets and "filling the pipe" with important packets first, then using any leftover space to fill the pipe in descending order of importance. Since QoS cannot speed up packets, it takes the total available upstream bandwidth, calculates how much of the highest priority data it has, puts that in the buffer, and then goes down the line in priority until it runs out of data to send, or the buffer fills up. Any excess data is held back or "re-queued" at the front of the line, where it will be evaluated in the next pass. Importance is determined by the priority of the packet. The number of levels depends on the router. As the names imply, Low/Bulk priority packets get the lowest priority, while High/Premium packets get the highest priority. QoS packets may be prioritized by a number of criteria, including generated by applications themselves, but the most common techniques are MAC Address, Ethernet Port, and TCP/IP Port. FibeAir IP-10 supports comprehensive QoS services: Supports four CoS/priority queues per switch port Advanced CoS/priority classification based on L2/L3 header fields: - Source Port - VLAN 802.1p - VLAN ID - IPv4 DSCP/TOS, IPv6 TC - Highest priority to BPDUs Advanced ingress traffic rate-limiting per CoS/priority Flexible scheduling scheme per port: - Strict priority (SP)
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- Weighted Round Robin (WRR) - Hybrid, any combination of SP & WRR Shaping per port Smart Pipe Mode QoS Traffic Flow The following illustration shows the QoS flow of traffic with IP-10 operating in Smart Pipe mode.
Metro Switch Mode QoS Traffic Flow The following illustration shows the QoS flow of traffic with IP-10 operating in Metro Switch mode.
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Wireless Carrier Ethernet Rings

Carrier-class Ethernet rings offer topologies built for resiliency, redundancy throughout the core, distribution and access, and a self-healing architecture that can repair potential problems before they reach end users. Such rings are designed for increased capacity, performance, and scalability, with beneficial increased value, stability, and a reduction in costs. By implementing Carrier-Class Ethernet rings, providers are able to expand their LANs to WANs. FibeAir IP-10 is a superb choice for Carrier Ethernet ring development. Basic IP-10 Wireless Carrier Ethernet Ring The following illustration is a basic example of an IP-10 wireless Carrier Ethernet ring.
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IP-10 Wireless Carrier Ethernet Ring with "Dual-Homing" (redundant site connection to fiber aggregation network)
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IP-10 Wireless Carrier Ethernet Ring - 1+0
IP-10 Wireless Carrier Ethernet Ring - Aggregation Site
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RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol) ensures a loop-free topology for any bridged LAN. Spanning tree allows a network design to include spare (redundant) links for automatic backup paths, needed for cases in which an active link fails. The backup paths can be included with no danger of bridge loops, or the need for manual enabling/disabling of the backup links. Bridge loops must be avoided since they result in network "flooding". RSTP algorithms are designed to create loop-free topologies in any network design, which makes it suboptimal to ring topologies. In a general topology, there can be more than one loop, and therefore more than one bridge with ports in a blocking state. For this reason, RSTP defines a negotiation protocol between each two bridges, and processing of the BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Units), before each bridge propagates the information. This "serial" processing increases the convergence time. In a ring topology, after the convergence of RSTP, only one port is in a blocking state. We can therefore enhance the protocol for ring topologies, and transmit the notification of the failure to all bridges in the ring (by broadcasting the BPDU). Ceragon's IP-10 G supports Wireless Carrier Ethernet Ring topologies. A typical ring constructed by IP10 is shown in the following illustration. Ceragon's IP-10 supports native Ethernet rings of up to 500 Mbps in 1+0, and can reach Gigabit capacity in a 2+0 configuration with XPIC. Ceragon's ring solution enhances the RSTP algorithm for ring topologies, so that failure propagation is much faster than the regular RSTP. Instead of serially propagation link by link, the failure is propagated in parallel to all bridges. In this way, the bridges that have ports in alternate states immediately place them in the forwarding state. The following illustration shows an example of such a ring.
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Switch A is the Root, and before the failure, the protocol converges so that a port in switch C is the alternate port, and is therefore in the failure state. When a failure in the link between switches E and A occurs, switch E senses it and sends a notification (using standard BPDU) to all bridges. Switch D receives the message, and changes the role of the port from alternate to designated, and places it in the forwarding state. In addition, Ceragon's enhancement handles unidirectional failures in the radio. For example, in a "regular RSTP", a failure in the link between E and A will be seen only by the root bridge. In this case, bridge E will acknowledge the failure only upon the next BPDU. Ceragon's protocol enhancement informs bridge E immediately about the failure. This allows us to build wireless Ethernet rings with a protection time that is typically less than 50 msec for four nodes, and less than 100 msec for eight to ten nodes.
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End to End Multi-Layer OA&M

(Operations, Administration, and Management) FibeAir IP-10 provides complete OA&M functionality at multiple layers, including: Alarms and events Maintenance signals (LOS, AIS, RDI, ) Performance monitoring Maintenance commands (Loopbacks, APS commands, )
Connectivity Fault Management (CFM)

The IEEE 802.1ag standard defines Service Layer OAM (Connectivity Fault Management). The standard facilitates the discovery and verification of a path through 802.1 bridges and local area networks (LANs). In addition, the standard:
Defines maintenance domains, their constituent maintenance points, and the managed objects required to create and administer them. Defines the relationship between maintenance domains and the services offered by VLAN-aware bridges and provider bridges. Describes the protocols and procedures used by maintenance points to maintain and diagnose connectivity faults within a maintenance domain. Provides means for future expansion of the capabilities of maintenance points and their protocols.
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IEEE 802.1ag Ethernet CFM (Connectivity Fault Management) protocols consist of three protocols that operate together to aid in debugging Ethernet networks: continuity check, link trace, and loopback. FibeAir IP-10 utilizes these protocols to maintain smooth system operation and non-stop data flow.
FibeAir IP-10 Carrier Ethernet Services Example

The following is a series of illustrations showing how FibeAir IP-10 is used to facilitate Carrier Ethernet Services. The second and third illustrations show how IP-10 handles a node failure. Carrier Ethernet Services Based on IP-10
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Carrier Ethernet Services Based on IP-10 - Node Failure
Carrier Ethernet Services Based on IP-10 - Node Failure (continued)
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Wireless Network Synchronization

Synchronizing the network is an essential part of any network design plan. Event timing determines how the network is managed and secured, and provides the only frame of reference between all devices in the network. Several unique synchronization issues need to be addressed for wireless networks: Phase/Frequency Lock Applicable to GSM and UMTS-FDD networks. - Limits channel interference between carrier frequency bands. - Typical performance target: frequency accuracy of < 50 ppb. Sync is the traditional technique used, with traceability to a PRS master clock carried over PDH/SDH networks, or using GPS. Phase Lock with Latency Correction Applicable to CDMA, CDMA-2000, UMTS-TDD, and WiMAX networks. - Limits coding time division overlap. - Typical performance target: frequency accuracy of < 20 - 50 ppb, phase difference of < 1-3 msecs. GPS is the traditional technique used.
Wireless IP Synchronization Challenges

Wireless networks set to deploy over IP networks require a solution for carrying high precision timing to base stations. Throughout the globe, legacy SDH/PDH based TDM networks are being fragmented, leading to islands of TDM. Traditional TDM services are being carried over packet networks using Circuit Emulation over Packet techniques (CESoP). Two new approaches are being developed in an effort to meet the challenge of migration to IP: Various ToP (Timing over Packet) techniques Synchronous Ethernet
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ToP (Timing over Packet)

ToP refers to the distribution of frequency, phase, and absolute time information across an asynchronous packet switched network. The timing packet methods may employ a variety of protocols to achieve distribution, such as IEEE1588, NTP, or RTP.
Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE)

SyncE is standardized in ITU-T G.8261 and refers to a method whereby the clock is delivered on the physical layer. The method is based on SDH/TDM timing, with similar performance, and does not change the basic Ethernet standards.
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Ceragon's Native2 Sync Solution

Ceragon's synchronization solution ensures maximum flexibility by enabling the operator to select any combination of techniques suitable for the network. Combinations of the following techniques can be used: Synchronization using native E1/T1 trails ToP-aware transport SyncE
Synchronization using Native E1/T1 Trails

Using this technique, each T1/E1 trail carries a native TDM clock, which is compliant with GSM and UMTS synchronization requirements.
Ceragon's IP-10 implements PDH-like mechanism for providing the high precision synchronization of the native TDM trails. This implementation ensures high-quality synchronization while keeping cost & complexity low since it eliminates the need for sophisticated centralized SDH-grade "clock unit" at each node. System is designed to deliver E1 traffic and recover E1 clock, complying with G.823 synchronization port jitter and wander. That means that user can use any (or all) of the systems E1 interfaces in order to deliver synchronization reference via the radio to remote site (e.g. Node-B). Each trail is independent of the other, meaning that IP-10 does not imply any restrictions on the source of the TDM trails. (Meaning that each trail can have its own clock, and no synchronization between trails is assumed).
Each E1 trail is mapped independently over the radio frame and the integrated cross-connect elements. Timing can be distributed over user traffic carrying T1/E1 trails or dedicated timing trails. This method eliminates the need to employ emerging ToP techniques.
ToP-Aware Transport
Ceragon's integrated advanced QoS classifier supports the identification of standard ToP control packets (IEEE1588v2 packets), and assigns to them the highest priority/traffic class.
This ensures that ToP control packets will be transported with maximum reliability and minimum delay, to provide the best possible timing accuracy.
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SyncE
The SyncE technique supports synchronized Ethernet outputs as the timing source to an all-IP RBS. This method offers the same synchronization quality provided over E1 interfaces to legacy RBS. Ceragon's SyncE supports two modes: Sync from Co-Located E1 Mode The clock for SyncE interfaces can be derived from any co-located traffic-carrying E1 interface at the BTS site.
Native Sync Distribution Mode Synchronization is distributed natively over the radio links. In this mode, no TDM trails or E1 interfaces at the tail sites are required! Synchronization is provided by the E1/STM-1 clock source input at the fiber hub site (SSU/GPS).
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Integrated Nodal Solution

The Integrated Nodal Solution is fully supported by both G-Series & F-Series. Up to six IP-10 Native2 radios can be stacked with FibeAir IP-10 operating within nodal enclosures. This configuration supports any combination of 1+0, 1+1, and 2+0/XPIC. Nodal solution features: Integrated Native2 networking functionality between all ports/radios Native Ethernet switching Native E1/T1 cross-connect Up to 75 E1s or 84 T1s per radio carrier Full high-availability support Cross-connect/switching elements Control/management elements Radio carriers TDM/Ethernet interfaces
IP-10 Nodal Design

Each IDU can be configured as a "main" or "extension" unit. The role an IDU plays is determined during installation by its position in the traffic interconnection topology. A main unit includes the following functions: Central controller, management TDM traffic cross-connect Radio and line interfaces An extension unit includes the following functions: Radio and line interfaces IP-10 design for the nodal solution is based on a "blade" approach. Viewing the unit from the rear, each IDU can be considered a "blade" within a nodal enclosure. The same IP-10 unit can be used for both terminal and nodal solutions.
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IP-10 Rear View
IP-10 Nodal Enclosure
A "blade" can operate as a stand-alone unit at a tail site. alone
The "rack chassis" is also modular, for optimum economical future upgrade, network design flexibility, and efficient installation, maintenance, and expansion.
The solution is stackable and modular and forms a single unified nodal device, with a common Ethernet Switch, common E1 Cross-Connect, single IP address, and a single element to Connect, manage.
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IP-10 Stacking Concept - Advantages

For migration, the stacking concept offers an optimized tail-site solution and low initial foot-print requirement for node sites. Additional foot-print is only required gradually as legacy equipment is being swapped For Greenfield, the stacking concept offers Low initial investment without compromising future growth potential, and Risk-free deployment in face of unknown future growth pattern, including additional capacity, additional sites, and additional redundancy
IP-10 Stacking Method

IP-10 can be stacked using 2RU nodal enclosures. Each enclosure includes two slots for hot-swappable 1RU units. Additional nodal enclosures and units can be added in the field as required, without affecting traffic. Up to six 1RU units (three adapters) can be stacked to form a single unified nodal device. Using the stacking method, units in the bottom nodal enclosure act as main units, whereby a mandatory active main unit can be located in either of the two slots, and an optional standby main unit can be installed in the other slot. The switchover time is <50 msecs for all traffic affecting functions. Units located in nodal enclosures other than the one on the bottom act as expansion units. Radios in each pair of units can be configured as either dual independent 1+0 links, or single fully-redundant 1+1 HSB links.
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Nodal Enclosure Design

The following photos show the Nodal Enclosures and how they are stacked. Extension Nodal Enclosure
Main Nodal Enclosure
Scalable Nodal Enclosure

The nodal enclosure is a scalable unit. Each enclosure can be added to another enclosure for modular rack installation.
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E1/T1 Cross-Connect
E1/T1 VC (Virtual Container) trails are supported, based on the integrated E1/T1 cross-connect. The XC (cross-connect) function is performed by the active main unit. If a failure occurs, the backup main unit takes over (<50 msecs down time). The XC capacity is 150 E1 VCs or 168 T1 VCs. Each E1/T1 interface or "logical interface" in a radio in any unit in the stack can be assigned to any VC. The XC is performed between two interfaces or "logical interfaces" with the same VC. XC functionality is fully flexible. Any pair of E1/T1 interfaces, or radio "logical interfaces", can be connected. Each VC is timed independently by the XC.
Ethernet Bridging
Ethernet traffic in an XC configuration is supported by interconnecting IDU switches with external cables. Traffic flow (dropping to local ports, sending to radio) is performed by the switches, in accordance with learning tables. Other than an extra FE port, dual GBE ports, and link-aggregation, no other functionality is required for XC operation. The FE protection port is static (only used for protection, not traffic). Its switching is performed electrically. If the unit is a stand-alone, an external connection is made through the front panel. If the unit is connected to a backplane, the connection is through the backplane, while the front panel port is unused. The GBE ports are dual: RJ-45 electrical or SFP optical (default). Optical ports can optionally be configured as 100FX. Ethernet traffic is not affected when a unit is connected to a backplane.
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Cross Connect (XC)

The FibeAir IP-10 Cross Connect (XC) is a high-speed circuit connection scheme for transporting both Ethernet and TDM traffic from any given port "x" to any given port "y". The system is composed of several inter-connected (stacked) IDUs, with integrated and centralized TDM traffic switching and Ethernet bridging capability. The XC capacity is 75 E1 VCs (Virtual Containers) or 84 T1 VCs, whereby each E1/T1 interface or "logical interface" in a radio in any unit of the stack can be assigned to any VC.
XC Features
Cross Connect system highlights include: E1/T1 trails are supported based on the integrated E1/T1 cross-connect XC capacity is 180 E1/T1 trails XC is performed between any two physical or logical interfaces in the node, including: - E1/T1 interface - Radio VC (75 VCs supported per radio carrier) - STM1/OC3 mux VC12 Each trail is timed independently by the XC XC function is performed by the active main unit In a failure occurs, backup main unit takes over (<50 msecs down time) Modularity and flexibility Modular design: pay-as-you-grow Simplicity, with minimum components (IDU, backplane) Supports XPIC, Multi-Radio, and Diversity
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XC Basics
Integrated TDM Cross Connect is performed by defining end to end trails. Each trail consists of segments represented by Virtual Containers (VCs). The XC functions as the forwarding mechanism between the two ends of a trail. The following illustration shows the basic XC concept.
Basic XC Operation As shown in the illustration, trails are defined from one end of a line to the other. The XC forwards signals generated by the radios to/from the IDUs based on their designated VCs. As in the example, The cross connect may forward signals on Trail C from Radio 1, VC 3 to Radio 4, VC 1.
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The cross connect function provides connectivity for the following types of configurations: Line to Radio
STM1/OC3 Interface
Radio to Radio
Line to Line
STM1/OC3 Interface
E1/T1 Interface s
E1/T1 Interfaces
E1/T1 trails are supported based on the integrated E1/T1 cross-connect (XC). The XC capacity is 180 E1/T1 bi-directional VC trails. XC is performed between any two physical or logical interfaces in the node (in any main or expansion unit) such as E1/T1 interface, radio VC (75 VCs supported per radio carrier), and STM1/OC3 mux VC11/VC12. The function is performed by the active main unit. If a failure occurs, the backup main unit takes over (<50 msecs down time). Each VC trail is timed independently by the XC. For each trail, the following end-to-end OA&M functions are supported: Alarms and maintenance signals (AIS, RDI, etc.) Performance monitoring counters (ES, SES, UAS, etc.) Trace ID for provisioning mismatch detection. A VC overhead is added to each VC trail to support the end-to-end OA&M functionality and synchronization justification requirements.
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The following illustration is an example of XC aggregation:

STM1/OC3 Interface
IP-10 Integrated XC IP-10 integrated STM1/OC3 Mux MW Radio Link
E1/T1 interfaces
E1/T1 interfaces
E1/T1 interfaces
XC operation is implemented using two-unit backplanes, which provide the interconnectivity. Up to three backplanes, consisting of six IDUs, can be stacked to provide an expandable system. Each modular shelf holds two IDUs. The shelf includes extension connectors located at its top and bottom panels, which allow stacking of up to three shelves (the base shelf is different from the two extension shelves), holding up to six IDUs, which exchange TDM traffic and compose a network node. Each pair of IDUs in a single modular shelf has access to Multi-Radio and XPIC interfaces between them. A node composed of identical IDUs that behave in a different way, is formed by inserting the IDUs in the stackable shelves and providing each IDU with an indication of its place in the stack. Each IDU uses different LVDS (Low-Voltage Differential Signaling) interfaces, depending on its place in the stack and system configuration.
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XC Operation
The integrated XC supports E1/T1 VC (Virtual Container) trails. The function of the XC is performed by the active main unit. If a failure occurs, the backup main unit takes over within <50 msecs. The XC function is performed between two logical interfaces with the same VC (Virtual Container). The functionality is fully flexible, so that any pair of E1/T1 interfaces, or radio logical interfaces, can be connected. Each VC is timed independently by the XC.
TDM XC
TDM cross-connect is implemented by transporting all received TDM traffic from each IDU to the main XC unit placed in a pre-determined slot (or to two protected XC units). The main unit performs XC of individual E1/T1 streams between the other IDUs and its own interfaces, and sends back E1/T1 streams. Each unit then directs each stream to its interfaces or radio. Using dedicated LVDS (Low Voltage Differential Signal) serial interfaces, the TDM streams are transported via the backplane between the XC and downlink IDUs. The interfaces carry the E1s/T1s in a proprietary TDM frame containing each E1/T1 in a separate time-slot (TS). The interfaces are point-to-point between each downlink IDU and the main XC. There is an additional, parallel LVDS infrastructure from each unit to the main XC stand-by unit for protection purposes. Each of the main XC units has its own local clock, which is distributed to each of the downlink units through an LVDS interface. Downlink units align traffic to the clock received from the active XC. East-West configuration between the two XC units (adjacent) is achieved by configuring the second (upper) unit in the main backplane to behave like a regular downlink. This is the case if the XC units are not configured in protection. For this purpose, additional LVDS traffic and clock channels are set up between them. The IDUs behavior as a main XC or a downlink depends on its position (main or extension backplane, and upper/lower position in the backplane) which is detected by hardware through backplane slot ID pins, as well as by user configuration. In addition, an IDU can be configured as a stand-alone unit.
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The XC process involves two stages: 1. The XC sends received E11/T1s to downlink units in LVDS (Low-Voltage Differential Signaling) time slots, which then discard the unnecessary slots. 2. Each unit (XC included) maps each relevant LVDS time slot to radio VCs or line interfaces. For each line interface, the user defines which time slot it is mapped to, and for each radio, which radio VCs it transports (enabled radio VCs) and which time slot it is mapped to. Two interfaces mapped to the same time slots are known as a trail. Each IDU has several LVDS interfaces, some of which are disabled at the downlink units. All LVDS traffic is synchronized to a single clock provided by the active XC unit. The clock is transmitted to the downlink units via the LVDS infrastructure. TDM Trail Status Handling Due to the fact that XC system users can build networks and define E1/T1 trails across the network, additional PM (performance monitoring) is necessary. A trail is defined as E1/T1 data delivered unchanged from one line interface to another, through one or more radio links. In each XC node, data can be assigned to a different VC number, but its identity across the network is maintained by a Trail ID defined by the user. Additional PM functionality provides end-to-end monitoring over data sent in a trail over the network.
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Wireless SNCP
IP-10 supports an integrated VC trail protection mechanism called Wireless SNCP (Sub network Connection Protection). With Wireless SNCP, a backup VC trail can optionally be defined for each individual VC trail. For each backup VC, the following needs to be defined: Two branching points from the main VC that it is protecting. A path for the backup VC (typically separate from the path of the main VC that it is protecting). For each direction of the backup VC, the following is performed independently: At the first branching point, duplication of the traffic from the main VC to the backup VC. At the second branching point, selection of traffic from either the main VC or the backup VC. - Traffic from the backup VC is used if a failure is detected in main VC. - Switch-over is performed within <50 msecs. Wireless SNCP operation is shown in the following illustration.
E1
IP-10 B
Backup VC
Main VC
IP-10 A
E1
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For each main VC trail, the branching points can be any XC node along the path of the trail.
IP-10 D IP-10 B
E1 #2
IP-10 C
IP-10 A
E1 #2 E1 #1
IP-10 B
E1 #1
Support for Wireless SNCP in a Mixed Wireless-Optical Network

Wireless SNCP is supported over fiber links using IP-10 STM-1/OC-3 mux interfaces. This feature provides a fully integrated solution for protected E1/T1 services over a mixed wireless-optical network.
IP-10 Integrated XC
IP-10 D
IP-10 integrated STM-1/OC-3 mux STM1/OC3 fiber link MW radio link
E1 #2
IP-10 C
IP-10 A
IP-10 B
E1 #1
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TDM Rings
SNCP replaces a failed sub network connection with a standby sub network connection. In the FibeAir product line, this capability is provided at the points where trails leave sub networks. The switching criterion is based on SNCP/I. This protocol specifies that automatic switching is performed if an AIS or LOP fault is detected in the working sub network connection. If neither AIS nor LOP faults are detected, and the protection lockout is not in effect, the scheme used is 1+1 singled-ended. The NMS provides Manual switch to protection and Protection lockout commands. A notification is sent to the management station when an automatic switch occurs. The status of the selectors and the sub network connections are displayed on the NMS screen.
Wireless SNCP Advantages

Flexibility - All network topologies are supported (ring, mesh, tree) - All traffic distribution patterns are supported (excels in hub traffic concentration) - Any mix of protected and non-protected trails is supported - No hard limit on the number of nodes in a ring - Simple provisioning of protection Performance - Non traffic-affecting switching to protection (<50 msec) - Switch to protection is done at the E1/T1 VC trail level, works perfectly with ACM (no need to switch the entire traffic on a link) - Optimal latency under protection Interoperability - Protection is done at the end points, independent of equipment/vendor networks - Interoperable with networks that use other types of protection (such as BLSR)
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XC Management
XC system management enables users to control the XC node as an integrated system, and provides the means for the exchange of information between the IDUs. Several methods can be used for IP-10 XC management: Local terminal CLI CLI via telnet Web based management SNMP Local remote channel, for configuration of a small set of parameters in the remote unit In addition, the management system provides access to other network equipment through in-band or out-ofband network management. The XC node is managed in an integrated manner through centralized management channels. The main units CPU is the nodes central controller, and all management frames received from or sent to external management applications must pass through it. The node has a single IP management address, which is the address of the main unit (two addresses in case of main unit protection). To ease the reading and analysis of several IDU alarms and logs, the system time should be synchronized to the main units time. As an additional resource, an extra data channel is included in the backplane LVDS infrastructure, through which basic management data is sent by IDUs to the XC unit (and vice-versa). The data provided over the channel includes: IP addresses Basic alarm information In addition, an SDH management channel (management through the STM-1 interface) allows control from an SDH network, without the need for additional Ethernet interfaces.
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XC Management Highlights
Centralized IP Access - A single IP address must be configured and node is reached through it, two addresses if main units are protected - All management frames must reach main units - Management mode (in band/out of band) is defined by main units mode Centralized Management Channels - SNMP main agent represents the entire node - NMS represents the node as a single unit - Web agent allows access to all elements from main window - CLI/Telnet access from main units CLI Feature Configuration - Some management is done through the main unit only: TDM XC, user registration, login, alarms - Other features are configured individually in each extension unit: radio parameters, Ethernet switch configuration
Ethernet XC Management
XC management connects main units to all extension units, and main units to each other. It also connects the CPU to the Mezzanine. In protection mode, management frames will arrive at a standby XC unit only through the protection interface, coming from its mate.
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In-Band/Out of Band
All management frames arrive at the main units CPU. The management mode (in-band/out of band) is determined by the mode of the main unit. The mode of the extension units is irrelevant, since they can only be reached through the internal management network. If the main unit is configured as in-band, frames will arrive through the traffic switches by standard layer two DA-based bridging. If the main unit is configured as out of band, there is no built-in channel for remote management frames to arrive at the CPU. Two possible solutions are suggested for this: 1. Install an external Ethernet switch, which will allow frames incoming through the wayside channel to be distributed to all units. 2. Implement an IP router in the extension unit's CPU. This will allow management frames to be routed to the internal LAN, reaching the main units CPU. For out of band, there is no wayside network. Access from remote sites is obtained through the wayside channel. Access from the remote link to an extension unit requires an external switch.
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Protection
The XC protection mechanism is an extension of the one used for non-XC IDUs. Each pair of protected IDUs makes its own decisions regarding data and switching. User and Ethernet traffic protection is implemented through Y cables or via the protection panel. TDM traffic protection is implemented through dual LVDS interfaces on the backplane. XC protection configurations include LVDS interface monitoring for AIS generation and SNCP support. They also include an Ethernet line protection disabling option, whereby the user can configure Ethernet interfaces for non-protection. In this setup, local failures will not affect all node traffic. Signaling is performed between units in a shelf to indicate their active or standby status.
Protection Design
The XC protection method runs by the following rules: An IDU may exchange traffic with a protection pair (even if it itself is not protected). Main units must know which pairs are protected, to send identical traffic to protected extension pairs. Each unit is the master clock for its LVDS interfaces. Extension units send traffic to both main units. All units must know from which LVDS interface to receive traffic. The following illustration shows how the basic XC protection operates.
Main Active
Main Standby
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The following information is sent through LVDS interfaces (by all units): Protected or not protected Activity: active/standby In addition, main units inform extensions through separate hardware interfaces. This is required for extension units to align with active LVDS, since the main units provide the LVDS clock. The signal is encoded to prevent the system from being stuck due to faulty hardware. If an XC switch occurs, downlink units will synchronize to the new clock within 50 msec. Main units read the LVDS from both extension units to determine active/standby status. They also receive traffic from the active unit. Note: If a switch is detected, an idle window will open to prevent switch cascades. All data is made available to the software, including alarms for protection mode mismatches and errors, and interrupts upon protection switch.
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Typical Native2 (Ethernet + TDM) integrated backhaul network based on IP-10 G & F-Series
4 E1s 25M Eth
F
1+0
F F F
4 E1s 25M Eth 4 E1s 25M Eth
(22 E1, 50M) 1+1 1+0

F F F
1+0
F G G
1+1
F F
1+1 (44 E1, 100M)
(22 E1, 50M)

4 E1s 25M Eth 4 E1s 25M Eth
(22 E1, 50M)

4 E1s 25M Eth
(44 E1, 100M)
4 E1s 25M Eth

F G G
1+0
(22 E1, 50M) 1+0

4 E1s 25M Eth
4 E1s 25M Eth
F G GX
IP-10 F-Series IP-10 G-Series IP-10 G-Series with XPIC
4 E1s 25M Eth
Native2 1+0 Ring (Up to 75 E1 or 500Mbps Eth) 1+0

G F F G G
1+0
1+0
4 E1s 25M Eth
1+0
Terminal configuration
F
Native2 1+0 Ring (Up to 44 E1 or 100M Eth) 1+0

F
1+0
G GX
2+0
GX GX GX
2+0 Nodal configuration 1+1 1+0

F F F F GX
4 E1s 25M Eth

GX
Native2 2+0 Ring (Up to 150 E1 or 1Gbps Eth)
2+0
(22 E1, 50M)

4 E1s 25M Eth
(22 E1, 50M)
4 E1s 25M Eth
2+0
4 E1s 25M Eth
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FibeAir IP-10 G-Series Typical Configurations

1+0
1 IP-10, 1 RFU unit required Integrated Ethernet switching can be enabled for multiple local Ethernet interfaces support
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1+1 HSB
2 IP-10, 2 RFU units required Integrated Ethernet switching can be enabled for multiple local Ethernet interfaces support Redundancy covers failure of all control and data path components Local Ethernet & TDM interfaces protection support via Y-cables or protection-panel <50mSecs switch-over time
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1+0 with 32 E1s/T1s
1+0 with 64 E1s/T1s
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2+0/XPIC Link, with 64 E1/T1s, no Multi-Radio Mode

Ethernet traffic Each of the 2 units: Feeding Ethernet traffic independently to its radio interface. Can be configured independently for switch or pipe operation No Ethernet traffic is shared internally between the 2 radio carriers TDM traffic Each of the 2 radio interfaces supports separate E1/T1 services E1/T1 Services can optionally be protected using SNCP
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2+0/XPIC Link, with 64 E1/T1s, Multi-Radio Mode

Ethernet traffic One of the units is acting as the "master" unit and is feeding Ethernet traffic to both radio carriers Traffic is distributed between the 2 carries at the radio frame level The "Master" IDU can be configured for switch or pipe operation. The 2nd ("Slave") IDU has all its Ethernet interfaces and functionality effectively disabled. TDM traffic E1/T1 services are duplicated over both radio carriers and are 1+1 HSB protected
2+0/XPIC Link, with 32 E1/T1s + STM1/OC3 Mux Interface, no Multi-Radio, up to 150 E1s/168 T1s over the radio
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1+1 HSB with 32 E1s/T1s
1+1 HSB with 64 E1s/T1s
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1+1 HSB with 75 E1s or 84 T1s
1+1 HSB Link with 16 E1/T1s + STM1/OC3 Mux Interface (Up to 75 E1s/84 T1s over the radio)
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Native2 2+2/XPIC/Multi-Radio MW Link, with 2xSTM1/OC3 Mux (up to 150 E1s/168 T1s over the radio)
Nodal Configurations
Chain with 1+0 Downlink and 1+1 HSB Uplink, with STM1/OC3 Mux
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Node with 2 x 1+0 Downlinks and 1 x 1+1 HSB Uplink
Chain with 1+1 Downlink and 1+1 HSB Uplink, with STM1/OC3 Mux
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Native2 Ring with 3 x 1+0 Links + STM1/OC3 Mux Interface at Main Site
Native2 Ring with 3 x 1+1 HSB Links + STM-1 Mux Interface at Main Site
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Node with 1 x 1+1 HSB Downlink and 1 x 1+1 HSB Uplink, with STM1/OC3 Mux
Native2 Ring with 4 x 1+0 Links, with STM1/OC3 Mux
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Native2 Ring with 3 x 1+0 Links + Spur Link 1+0
Native2 Ring with 4 x 1+0 MW Links and 1 x Fiber Link (5 hops total), with STM1/OC3 Mux
78
Native2 Ring with 2 x 2+0/XPIC MW Links and 1 x Fiber Link (3 hops total), with 2 x STM1/OC3 Mux
79
All Indoor System

Ceragons All Indoor system enables the installation of both the IP-10 IDU and the RFU in a single indoor rack. This installation uses minimal rack space, whereby the RFU OCB (Outdoor Circulator Block) is installed in a horizontal position. Note that this installation type and configuration does not require a fan tray. All Indoor configurations are easier to service due to their location, and therefore help reduce operational and maintenance cost. The system operates with the following RFUs (using higher Tx power than split mount):
RFU for Non Space Diversity All-Indoor RFU for Space Diversity AllIndoor
1500HP All Indoor 1Rx RF Unit, fGHz 1500HP All Indoor 1Rx RF Unit, fGHz
15HPA-1R-RFU-f 15HPA-2R-RFU-f
The All-Indoor horizontal placement is available for the following configurations: 1+0 1+0 East-West 1+1 1+1 East-West
80
The indoors can be installed above or below the RFUs as shown in the following illustrations. 1+1 SD IP-10
1+0 IP-10
81
The following illustrations show the OCB assembled with the 19 Rack Adapter.
82
The components that may be used in the All-Indoor system include the following:
The following tables list the components used for 1+0 and 1+1 systems.
UBend 0 0 SBend 0 0 6dB Coupler 0 0 3dB Coupler 0 0 Flex WG (0.6m) 0 0 Cover /Short 1 0 Pole Mount 1 1
Configuration 1+0 1+0 SD
OCB 1 1
DCB 0 0
Term. 1 1
Configuration 1+1 HSB 1+1 HSB SD
OCB 2 21
DCB 0 0
UBend 0 0
SBend 0 0
Coupler 1 2
3dB Coupler 0 0
Flex WG (0.6m) 0 0
Term. 2 2
Cover /Short 2 0
Pole Mount 1 1
83
Specifications
Radio Specifications
General
6-18 GHz
Specification Standards Operating Frequency Range (GHz) 6L,6H GHz ETSI, FCC 5.85-6.45, 6.4-7.1 252.04, 240, 266, 300, 340, 160, 170, 500 7,8 GHz ETSI 7.1-7.9, 7.78.5 154, 161, 168, 182, 196, 245, 300, 119, 311.32 11 GHz ETSI, FCC 10.7-11.7 13 GHz ETSI 12.75-13.3 15 GHz ETSI 14.4-15.35 18 GHz ETSI, FCC 17.7-19.7
Tx/Rx Spacing (MHz)
490, 520, 530 +0.001% Synthesizer
266
315, 420, 644, 490, 728
1010, 1120, 1008, 1560
Frequency Stability Frequency Source RF Channel Selection System Configurations Tx Range (Manual/ATPC)
Via EMS/NMS Non-Protected (1+0), Protected (1+1), Space Diversity 20dB dynamic range
23-38 GHz
Specification Standards Operating Frequency Range (GHz) Tx/Rx Spacing (MHz) Frequency Stability Frequency Source RF Channel Selection System Configurations Tx Range (Manual/ATPC) 23 GHz ETSI, FCC 21.2-23.65 1008, 1200, 1232 24-26 GHz ETSI, FCC 24.2-26.5 28 GHz ETSI, FCC 27.35-31.3 32 GHz ETSI, FCC 31.8-33.4 38 GHz ETSI, FCC 37-40
800, 900, 1008
350, 500, 1008 +0.001% Synthesizer Via EMS/NMS
812
1000, 1260, 700
Non-Protected (1+0), Protected (1+1), Space Diversity 20dB dynamic range
84
RFU support
Split-Mount installation FibeAir RFU-C (638 GHz) FibeAir RFU-P (1138 GHz) FibeAir RFU-SP (68 GHz) FibeAir RFU-HS (68 GHz) FibeAir RFU-HP (611 GHz) FibeAir RFU-HP (611 GHz) Coaxial cable RG-223 (100 m/300 ft), Belden 9914/RG-8 (300 m/1000 ft) or equivalent, N-type connectors (male) Direct or remote mount using the same antenna type. Remote mount: standard flexible waveguide (frequency dependent)
1
All-Indoor installation IDU to RFU connection Antenna Connection
Note: For more details about the different RFUs refer to the RFU documentation.
Refer to RFU-C roll-out plan for availability of each frequency.

85
Radio Capacity
3.5 MHz (ETSI)
Minimum Required Capacity License
10 10 25
Modulation
QPSK 16 QAM 64 QAM
Radio Throughput (Mbps)

6 10.5 15
Number of Supported E1s

2 4 6
Ethernet Capacity (Mbps) Min Max

5 9.5 14 7 13.5 20
Note: Ethernet Capacity depends on average packet size.
7 MHz (ETSI)
10 25 25 25 25 50 50 50
Profile
Modulation

10.5 15 20 25 29 33 38 43

4 6 8 10 12 13 16 18
Ethernet Capacity (Mbps) Min

9.5 14 19 24 28 32 38 42
Max
13.5 20 28 34 40 46 54 60
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
QPSK 8 PSK 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM 128 QAM 256 QAM 256 QAM
10 MHz (FCC)
10 25 25 50 50 50 50 50
Profile
Modulation

13 19 29 36 44 51 56 61
Number of Supported T1s

7 10 16 20 24 28 31 34

13 19 29 35 43 51 55 61 18 27 41 50 62 72 79 88
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
86
14 MHz (ETSI)
25 25 50 50 50 100 100 100
Profile
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Modulation

21 29 43 50 57 69 80 87

8 12 18 20 24 29 34 37

20 29 42 49 57 69 81 87 29 41 60 70 82 98 115 125
20 MHz (FCC)
25 50 50 100 100 100 100 150*
Profile
Modulation

28 41 58 74 87 101 114 125

15 23 32 41 49 57 65 71

27 41 57 74 87 101 115 126 39 59 82 105 125 145 164 180
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
* Supported by G-Series only. Note: Ethernet Capacity depends on average packet size.
87
28 MHz (ETSI)
50 50 100 100 150 150 150 200
Profile
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Modulation

41 55 78 105 130 158 176 186

17 23 33 44 55 68 75 75

40 54 78 105 131 160 178 188 58 78 111 151 188 229 255 268
30 MHz (FCC)
50 50 100 100 150* 150* 200* 200*
Profile
Modulation

39 63 92 118 142 162 183 198

22 35 52 67 81 84 84 84

39 63 93 119 143 164 185 201 56 90 132 170 205 234 264 287
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
88
40 MHz (ETSI / FCC)

50 100 100 150* 200* 200* 300* 300*
Profile
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Modulation

56 83 121 151 189 211 240 255
Number of Supported E1/T1s

23 / 31 35 / 47 51 / 69 65 / 84 75 / 84 75 / 84 75 / 84 75 / 84

56 83 122 153 191 214 243 259 80 119 174 218 274 305 347 370
50 MHz (FCC)
100 100 150* 150* 200* 300* 300* "All capacity"*
Profile
Modulation

68 106 147 185 238 274 313 337

38 60 84 84 84 84 84 84

68 107 148 187 241 278 318 342 97 152 212 267 344 398 454 489
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
89
56 MHz (ETSI)
100 100 150* 200* 300* 300* "All capacity"* "All capacity"*
Profile
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Modulation

76 113 150 199 248 297 338 367

32 48 64 75 75 75 75 75

76 114 151 202 251 301 343 372 109 163 217 288 358 430 490 532
90
Transmit Power with RFU-C1 (dBm)

Modulation
QPSK 8 PSK 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM 128 QAM 256 QAM
6-8 GHz
26 26 25 24 24 24 22
11-15 GHz
24 24 23 22 22 22 20
18-23 GHz
22 22 21 20 20 20 18
26-28 GHz
21 21 20 19 19 19 17
32-38 GHz
18 18 17 16 16 16 14
Transmit Power with RFU-P (dBm)
Modulation
11-15 GHz
23 23 23 23 22 22 212
18 GHz
23 23 21 21 20 20 19
23-26 GHz
22 22 20 20 20 20 19
28-32 GHz
21 21 20 20 19 19 18
38 GHz
20 20 19 19 18 18 17
Transmit Power with RFU-SP/HS/HP3 (dBm)

RFU-SP Modulation
RFU-HS 6-8 GHz

30 30 30 30 29 29 27
RFU-HP Split-Mount 6-8 GHz

30 30 30 30 29 29 27
RFU-HP All-Indoor 6-8 GHz

33 33 33 33 32 32 30
6-8 GHz4
24 24 24 24 24 24 22
11 GHz
27 27 27 26 26 26 24
11 GHz
30 30 30 29 29 29 27
1 2
Refer to RFU-C roll-out plan for availability of each frequency. 20dBm for 11GHz. 3 RFU-HP supports channels with up to 30MHz occupied bandwidth. 4 1dBm higher for 6L GHz.
Receiver Threshold (RSL) with RFU-C1 (dBm @ BER = 10-6)

Profile
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Modulation
QPSK 16 QAM 64 QAM QPSK 8 PSK 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM 128 QAM 256 QAM 256 QAM QPSK 8 PSK 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM 128 QAM 256 QAM 256 QAM QPSK 8 PSK 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM 128 QAM 256 QAM 256 QAM QPSK 8 PSK 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM 128 QAM 256 QAM 256 QAM
Channel Spacing
3.5 MHz (ETSI)
Occupied Bandwidth
3.2 MHz
6-15
-94.0 -88.0 -83.5 -92.0 -88.5 -86.5
18
-93.5 -87.5 -83.0 -91.5 -88.0 -86.0 -83.5 -82.0 -80.0 -76.5 -73.0 -93.0 -89.5 -85.0 -81.5 -79.5 -77.0 -75.0 -71.5 -90.0 -86.5 -83.0 -81.5 -80.0 -77.0 -74.0 -71.5 -89.5 -84.5 -82.0 -79.5 -77.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.5
Frequency (GHz) 23 26
-93.0 -87.0 -82.5 -91.0 -87.5 -85.5 -83.0 -81.5 -79.5 -76.0 -72.5 -92.5 -89.0 -84.5 -81.0 -79.0 -76.5 -74.5 -71.0 -89.5 -86.0 -82.5 -81.0 -79.5 -76.5 -73.5 -71.0 -89.0 -84.0 -81.5 -79.0 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0 -68.0 -92.0 -86.0 -81.5 -90.0 -86.5 -84.5 -82.0 -80.5 -78.5 -75.0 -71.5 -91.5 -88.0 -83.5 -80.0 -78.0 -75.5 -73.5 -70.0 -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -80.0 -78.5 -75.5 -72.5 -70.0 -88.0 -83.0 -80.5 -78.0 -75.5 -73.0 -70.0 -67.0
28
-92.0 -86.0 -81.5 -90.0 -86.5 -84.5 -82.0 -80.5 -78.5 -75.0 -71.5 -91.5 -88.0 -83.5 -80.0 -78.0 -75.5 -73.5 -70.0 -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -80.0 -78.5 -75.5 -72.5 -70.0 -88.0 -83.0 -80.5 -78.0 -75.5 -73.0 -70.0 -67.0
38
-91.0 -85.0 -80.5 -89.0 -85.5 -83.5 -81.0 -79.5 -77.5 -74.0 -70.5 -90.5 -87.0 -82.5 -79.0 -77.0 -74.5 -72.5 -69.0 -87.5 -84.0 -80.5 -79.0 -77.5 -74.5 -71.5 -69.0 -87.0 -82.0 -79.5 -77.0 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -66.0
7 MHz (ETSI)
6.2 MHz
-84.0 -82.5 -80.5 -77.0 -73.5 -93.5 -90.0 -85.5
10 MHz (FCC)
8.4 MHz
-82.0 -80.0 -77.5 -75.5 -72.0 -90.5 -87.0 -83.5
14 MHz (ETSI)
12.2 MHz
-82.0 -80.5 -77.5 -74.5 -72.0 -90.0 -85.0 -82.5
20 MHz (FCC)
17.4 MHz
-80.0 -77.5 -75.0 -72.0 -69.0
Note: RSL values are typical.
Refer to RFU-C roll-out plan for availability of each frequency.

92
Profile
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Modulation
QPSK 8 PSK 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM 128 QAM 256 QAM 256 QAM QPSK 8 PSK 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM 128 QAM 256 QAM 256 QAM QPSK 8 PSK 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM 128 QAM 256 QAM 256 QAM QPSK 8 PSK 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM 128 QAM 256 QAM 256 QAM QPSK 8 PSK 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM 128 QAM 256 QAM 256 QAM
Channel Spacing
Occupied Bandwidth
6-15
-89.0 -86.0 -83.0
18
-88.5 -85.5 -82.5 -78.5 -76.0 -71.5 -70.5 -68.0 -88.5 -84.0 -80.0 -75.5 -74.0 -71.5 -69.5 -65.5 -86.5 -81.0 -78.5 -75.0 -71.5 -70.5 -68.0 -65.5 -87.0 -82.5 -79.5 -76.0 -73.0 -70.5 -68.0 -65.0 -86.0 -81.0 -80.0 -75.5 -73.5 -70.5 -68.0 -65.0
Frequency (GHz) 23 26
-88.0 -85.0 -82.0 -78.0 -75.5 -71.0 -70.0 -67.5 -88.0 -83.5 -79.5 -75.0 -73.5 -71.0 -69.0 -65.0 -86.0 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -71.0 -70.0 -67.5 -65.0 -86.5 -82.0 -79.0 -75.5 -72.5 -70.0 -67.5 -64.5 -85.5 -80.5 -79.5 -75.0 -73.0 -70.0 -67.5 -64.5 -87.0 -84.0 -81.0 -77.0 -74.5 -70.0 -69.0 -66.5 -87.0 -82.5 -78.5 -74.0 -72.5 -70.0 -68.0 -64.0 -85.0 -79.5 -77.0 -73.5 -70.0 -69.0 -66.5 -64.0 -85.5 -81.0 -78.0 -74.5 -71.5 -69.0 -66.5 -63.5 -84.5 -79.5 -78.5 -74.0 -72.0 -69.0 -66.5 -63.5
28
-87.0 -84.0 -81.0 -77.0 -74.5 -70.0 -69.0 -66.5 -87.0 -82.5 -78.5 -74.0 -72.5 -70.0 -68.0 -64.0 -85.0 -79.5 -77.0 -73.5 -70.0 -69.0 -66.5 -64.0 -85.5 -81.0 -78.0 -74.5 -71.5 -69.0 -66.5 -63.5 -84.5 -79.5 -78.5 -74.0 -72.0 -69.0 -66.5 -63.5
38
-86.0 -83.0 -80.0 -76.0 -73.5 -69.0 -68.0 -65.5 -86.0 -81.5 -77.5 -73.0 -71.5 -69.0 -67.0 -63.0 -84.0 -78.5 -76.0 -72.5 -69.0 -68.0 -65.5 -63.0 -84.5 -80.0 -77.0 -73.5 -70.5 -68.0 -65.5 -62.5 -83.5 -78.5 -77.5 -73.0 -71.0 -68.0 -65.5 -62.5
28 MHz (ETSI)
24.9 MHz
-79.0 -76.5 -72.0 -71.0 -68.5 -89.0 -84.5 -80.5
30 MHz (FCC)
26.9 MHz
-76.0 -74.5 -72.0 -70.0 -66.0 -87.0 -81.5 -79.0
40 MHz (ETSI/ FCC)
34.8 MHz
-75.5 -72.0 -71.0 -68.5 -66.0 -87.5 -83.0 -80.0
50 MHz (FCC)
44.3 MHz
-76.5 -73.5 -71.0 -68.5 -65.5 -86.5 -81.5 -80.5
56 MHz (ETSI)
49.1 MHz
-76.0 -74.0 -71.0 -68.5 -65.5
93
Receiver Threshold (RSL) with RFU-P (dBm @ BER = 10-6)

Channel Spacing Occupied Bandwidth Frequency (GHz) 23-28 31
-92.5 -89.0 -84.5 -81.0 -79.0 -76.5 -74.5 -71.0 -89.5 -86.0 -82.5 -81.0 -79.5 -76.5 -73.5 -71.0 -89.0 -84.0 -81.5 -79.0 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0 -68.0 -88.0 -85.0 -82.0 -78.0 -75.5 -71.0 -70.0 -66.0 -92.5 -89.0 -84.5 -81.0 -79.0 -76.5 -74.5 -71.0 -89.5 -86.0 -82.5 -81.0 -79.5 -76.5 -73.5 -71.0 -89.0 -84.0 -81.5 -79.0 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0 -68.0 -88.0 -85.0 -82.0 -78.0 -75.5 -71.0 -70.0 -66.0
Profile
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Modulation
QPSK 8 PSK 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM 128 QAM 256 QAM 256 QAM QPSK 8 PSK 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM 128 QAM 256 QAM 256 QAM QPSK 8 PSK 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM 128 QAM 256 QAM 256 QAM QPSK 8 PSK 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM 128 QAM 256 QAM 256 QAM
11-18
-93.0 -89.5 -85.0
32-38
-91.5 -88.0 -83.5 -80.0 -78.0 -75.5 -73.5 -70.0 -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -80.0 -78.5 -75.5 -72.5 -70.0 -88.0 -83.0 -80.5 -78.0 -75.5 -73.0 -70.0 -67.0 -87.0 -84.0 -81.0 -77.0 -74.5 -70.0 -69.0 -66.5
10 MHz (FCC)
8.4 MHz
-81.5 -79.5 -77.0 -75.0 -71.5 -90.0 -86.5 -83.0
14 MHz (ETSI)
12.2 MHz
-81.5 -80.0 -77.0 -74.0 -71.5 -89.5 -84.5 -82.0
20 MHz (FCC)
17.4 MHz
-79.5 -77.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.5 -88.5 -85.5 -82.5
28 MHz (ETSI)
24.9 MHz
-78.5 -76.0 -71.5 -70.5 -66.5
94
Profile
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Modulation
Channel Spacing
Occupied Bandwidth
11-18
-88.5 -84.0 -80.0
Frequency (GHz) 23-28 31

-88.0 -83.5 -79.5 -75.0 -73.5 -71.0 -69.0 -65.0 -86.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -71.0 -70.0 -67.5 -65.0 -86.5 -82.0 -79.0 -75.5 -72.5 -70.0 -67.5 -66.0 -85.5 -80.5 -79.5 -75.0 -73.0 -70.0 -67.5 -66.0 -88.0 -83.5 -79.5 -75.0 -73.5 -71.0 -69.0 -65.0 -86.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -71.0 -70.0 -67.5 -65.0 -86.5 -82.0 -79.0 -75.5 -72.5 -70.0 -67.5 -66.0 -85.5 -80.5 -79.5 -75.0 -73.0 -70.0 -67.5 -66.0
32-38
-87.0 -82.5 -78.5 -74.0 -72.5 -70.0 -68.0 -64.0 -85.5 -79.5 -77.0 -73.5 -70.0 -69.0 -66.5 -64.0 -85.5 -81.0 -78.0 -74.5 -71.5 -69.0 -66.5 -63.5 -84.5 -79.5 -78.5 -74.0 -72.0 -69.0 -66.5 -63.5
30 MHz (FCC)
26.9 MHz
-75.5 -74.0 -71.5 -69.5 -65.5 -87.0 -81.0 -78.5
40 MHz (ETSI/ FCC)
34.8 MHz
-75.0 -71.5 -70.5 -68.0 -65.5 -87.0 -82.5 -79.5
50 MHz (FCC)
44.3 MHz
-76.0 -73.0 -70.5 -68.0 -66.5 -86.0 -81.0 -80.0
56 MHz (ETSI)
49.1 MHz
-75.5 -73.5 -70.5 -68.0 -66.5
95
Receiver Threshold (RSL) with RFU-SP/HP1 (dBm @ BER = 10-6)

Channel Spacing Occupied Bandwidth RFU-SP (6-8 GHz)
-93.5 -90.0 -85.5
Profile
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Modulation
RFU-HP (6-11 GHz)

-93.5 -90.0 -85.5 -82.0 -80.0 -77.5 -75.5 -72.0 -90.5 -87.0 -83.5 -82.0 -80.5 -77.5 -74.5 -72.0 -90.0 -85.0 -82.5 -80.0 -77.5 -75.0 -72.0 -69.0 -89.0 -86.0 -83.0 -79.0 -76.5 -72.0 -71.0 -67.0
10 MHz (FCC)
8.4 MHz
-82.0 -80.0 -77.5 -75.5 -72.0 -90.5 -87.0 -83.5
14 MHz (ETSI)
12.2 MHz
-82.0 -80.5 -77.5 -74.5 -72.0 -90.0 -85.0 -82.5
20 MHz (FCC)
17.4 MHz
-80.0 -77.5 -75.0 -72.0 -69.0 -89.0 -86.0 -83.0
28 MHz (ETSI)
24.9 MHz
-79.0 -76.5 -72.0 -71.0 -67.0
RFU-HP supports channels with up to 30 MHz occupied bandwidth.

96
Profile
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Modulation
Channel Spacing
Occupied Bandwidth
RFU-SP (6-8 GHz)

-89.0 -84.5 -80.5
RFU-HP (6-11 GHz)

-89.0 -84.5 -80.5 -76.0 -74.5 -72.0 -70.0 -66.0 Not supported Not supported Not supported Not supported Not supported Not supported Not supported Not supported Not supported Not supported Not supported Not supported Not supported Not supported Not supported Not supported Not supported Not supported Not supported Not supported Not supported Not supported Not supported Not supported
30 MHz (FCC)
26.9 MHz
-76.0 -74.5 -72.0 -70.0 -66.0 -87.5 -81.5 -79.0
40 MHz (ETSI/ FCC)
34.8 MHz
-75.5 -72.0 -71.0 -68.5 -66.0 -87.5 -83.0 -80.0
50 MHz (FCC)
44.3 MHz
-76.5 -73.5 -71.0 -68.5 -67.0 -86.5 -81.5 -80.5
56 MHz (ETSI)
49.1 MHz
-76.0 -74.0 -71.0 -68.5 -67.0
97
Interfaces
Ethernet
Supported Ethernet Interfaces Supported SFP Types 5 x 10/100base-T (RJ-45) 2 x 10/100/1000Base-T (RJ-45) or 1000base-X (SFP) G-Series only Optical 1000Base-LX (1310 nm) or SX (850 nm)
E1/T1
Interface Type Number of Ports Connector Type Framing Coding Line Impedance Compatible Standards E1/T1 16 x E1/T1 (F-Series) or 16 x E1/T1+16 x E1/T1 on T-Card (G-Series) MDR 69-pin Unframed (full transparency) E1: HDB3 T1: AMI/B8ZS (Configurable) 120 ohm/100 ohm balanced. Optional 75 ohm unbalanced. ITU-T G.703, G.736, G.775, G.823, G.824, G.828, ITU-T I.432, ETSI ETS 300 147, ETS 300 417, ANSI T1.105, T1.102-1993, T1.231, Bellcore GR253-core, TR-NWT-000499
Auxiliary Channels
Wayside Channel Engineering Order Wire User Channel 2 Mbps or 64 Kbps, Ethernet 10/100BaseT Audio channel (64 Kbps) G.711 Asynchronous V.11/RS-232 up 19.2 kbps
98
Optical STM-1/OC-3 SFP (G-Series only)

Transceiver Name Application Code
Operating Wavelength (nm)
SH1310
S-1.1 1261-1360
LH1310
L-1.1 1263-1360
LH1550
L-1.2 1480-580
Transmitter
Source Type Max RMS Width (nm) Min Side Mode Suppression Ratio (dB) Min Mean Launched Power (dBm) Max Mean Launched Power (dBm) Min Extinction Ratio (dB) MLM 7.7 -15 -8 8.2 SLM 30 -5 0 10 SLM 30 -5 0 10
Receiver
Min Sensitivity (BER of 1x10-42 EOL (dBm) Min Overload (dBm) Max Receiver Reflectance (dB) -28 -8 -34 -10 -34 -10 -25
Optical Path between S and R

Max Dispersion (ps/nm) Min Optical Return Loss of Cable (dB) Max Discreet Reflectance (dB) Max Optical Path Penalty (dB) 96 1 1 -20 25 1
99
Carrier Ethernet Functionality

Latency over the radio link "Baby jumbo" Frame Support General Integrated Carrier Ethernet Switch < 0.15 mSeconds @ 400 Mbps Up to 1632Bytes Enhanced link state propagation Enhanced MAC header compression Integrated non-blocking switch with 4K active VLANs MAC address learning with 8K MAC addresses 802.1ad provider bridges (QinQ) 802.3ad link aggregation 802.1ag Ethernet service OA&M (CFM) Enhanced link state propagation Enhanced MAC header compression Full switch redundancy (hot stand-by) Advanced CoS classification and remarking Advanced traffic policing/rate-limiting Per interface CoS based packet queuing/buffering (8 CoS served by 4 queues) Flexible scheduling schemes (SP/WRR/Hybrid) Per interface traffic shaping 802.1ag CFM Automatic "Link trace" processing for storing of last known working path Per port Ethernet counters (RMON/RMON2) Radio ACM statistics Enhanced radio Ethernet statistics (Frame Error Rate, Throughput, Capacity, Utilization) 802.3 10base-T 802.3u 100base-T 802.3ab 1000base-T 802.3z 1000base-X 802.3ac Ethernet VLANs 802.1Q Virtual LAN (VLAN) 802.1p Class of service 802.1ad Provider bridges (QinQ) 802.3x Flow control 802.3ad Link aggregation 802.1ag Ethernet service OA&M (CFM) 802.1w RSTP RFC 1349 IPv4 TOS RFC 2474 IPv4 DSCP RFC 2460 IPv6 Traffic Classes
QoS
Ethernet Service OA&M Performance Monitoring
Supported Ethernet/IP Standards
100
MEF Certification
MEF-9 & MEF-14 certified for all service types (EPL, EVPL & E-LAN)
101
Network Management, Diagnostics, Status, and Alarms

Network Management System NMS Interface protocol Element Management Management Channels & Protocols Authentication, Authorization & Accounting Management Interface Local Configuration and Monitoring In-Band Management TMN External Alarms RSL Indication Performance Monitoring Ceragon PolyView NMS SNMPv1/v3 XML over HTTP/HTTPS toward PolyView Web based EMS, CLI HTTP/HTTPS Telnet/SSH-2 FTP/SFTP User access control SYSLOG RADIUS Client support X-509 Certificate Dedicated Ethernet interfaces (up to 3) or in-band Standard ASCII terminal, serial RS-232 Support dedicated VLAN for management (in "smart pipe" and switch modes) Ceragon NMS functions are in accordance with ITU-T recommendations for TMN 5 Inputs: TTL-level or contact closure to ground. 1 output: Form C contact, software configurable. Accurate power reading (dBm) available at IDU, RFU , and NMS Integral with onboard memory per ITU-T G.826/G.828
1
Note that the voltage at the BNC port on the RFUs is not accurate and should be used only as an aid
102
Mechanical
IDU Dimensions Height: 1RU Width: 19" Depth: 188 mm Height: 2RU Width: 19" Depth: 210 mm 2.8 kg/6.2 lbs (with T-Card installed) 1.5 kg/3.3 lbs
I+ Nodal Enclosure Dimensions IDU Weight I+ Nodal Enclosure Weight
Standard compliance
Specification
EMC Safety Ingress Protection Operation Storage Transportation
IDU
EN 301 489-4, Class B IEC 60950 IEC 60529 IP20 ETSI 300 019-1-3, Class 3.2
RFU
EN 301 489-4, Class B IEC 60950 IEC 60529 IP56 ETSI 300 019-1-4, Class 4.1E/ Class 4M5[4]
ETSI 300 019-1-1, Class 1.2 ETSI 300 019-1-2, Class 2.3
Environmental
Specification
Operating Temperature Relative Humidity Altitude
IDU
-5C to +55C (23F to 131F) 0 to 95%, Non-condensing
RFU
-45C to +55C (-49F to 131F) 0 to 100% 3,000m (10,000ft)
103
Power Input
Standard Input DC Input range Optional Inputs -48 VDC -40.5 to -57.5 VDC (up to -57 VDC for USA market) 110-220 VAC 24 VDC
Power Consumption
Max power consumption IP-10 IDU (basic configuration) Max system power consumption RFU-C + IP-10 25W 1+0 with RFU-C 6-26 GHz: 47W 1+0 with RFU-C 28-38 GHz: 51W 1+1 with RFU-C 6-26 GHz: 84W 1+1 with RFU-C 28-38 GHz: 88W 1+0: 65W 1+1: 105W 1+0: 80W 1+1: 130W 1+0: 88W 1+1: 134W 1+0: 105W 1+1: 150W 2.5W 5W (including SFP)
Max system power consumption RFU-P + IP-10 Max system power consumption RFU-SP + IP-10 Max system power consumption RFU-HS + IP-10 Max system power consumption RFU-HP + IP-10 Additional power consumption for 16 E1/T1 T-card (G-Series only) Additional power consumption for STM1/OC3 Mux T-card (G-Series only)
Note: All specifications are subject to change without prior notification.`
104

Ip-10g&f-Pd - 2-2010 - V26

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Ip-10g&f-Pd - 2-2010 - V26

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FibeAir IP-10 G-Series & F-Series Series

Document Version: 26 February 2010

FibeAir IP-10 G-Series & F-Series Product Description

Introducing FibeAir IP-10

FibeAir IP-10 G-Series & F-Series Product Description

Carrier Ethernet Switch ACM

TDM Cross Connect

Radio Ethernet + TDM

FibeAir IP-10 functional block diagram

FibeAir IP-10 G-Series & F-Series Product Description

FibeAir IP-10 Capacity vs. Channel Bandwidth

idth ndw a el B ann

FibeAir IP-10 G-Series & F-Series Product Description

FibeAir IP-10 G-Series & F-Series Series F

100 Mbps 5 x FE RJ-45 Yes

16 E1, None 44 E1s Yes Yes -

FibeAir IP-10 G-series

FibeAir IP-10 F-series

FibeAir IP-10 G-Series & F-Series Product Description Series

FibeAir IP-10 G-Series & F-Series Product Description

FibeAir IP-10 G-Series & F-Series Product Description Series

The following table lists the different aspects of IP-10 functionality.

FibeAir IP-10 G-Series & F-Series Product Description

Ethernet packet size (bytes)

Capacity increase by compression

64 96 128 256 512

45% 29% 22% 11% 5%

FibeAir IP-10 G-Series & F-Series Product Description

FibeAir IP-10 G-Series & F-Series Product Description

Incomparable Economic Value

User-Management Traffic Integration

Unique Full Range Adaptive Modulation

Guaranteed Ultra Low Latency (< 0.15 ms @ 400Mbps)

Extended Quality of Service (QoS) Support

Fully Integrated L2 Ethernet Switching Functionality

Multiple Network Topology Support

Longer Transmission Distances, Smaller Antennas

FibeAir IP-10 G-Series & F-Series Product Description

FibeAir IP-10 G-Series & F-Series Product Description

DC input voltage nominal rating: -48V

FibeAir IP-10 G-Series & F-Series Product Description

TDM interfaces add-on slot

Craft Terminal (DB9)

External Alarms (DB9) User Channel (optional)

Engineering order-wire (optional)

RFU interface (N-Type)

GND Power -48V DC

IP-10 G-Series Front Panel and Interfaces

Craft Terminal (DB9)

External Alarms (DB9)

16 x E1s (optional) Protection Interface (RJ45) 5 x FE Electrical (RJ45)

RFU interface (N-Type)

GND Power -48V DC

IP-10 F-Series Front Panel and Interfaces

FibeAir IP-10 G-Series & F-Series Product Description

STM-1/OC-3 Mux T-Card

TDM interfaces add-on card (T-Card)

Available Assembly Options *

FibeAir IP-10 G-Series & F-Series Product Description

FibeAir IP-10 Strong Economic Value

Software license keys

Additional IDUs (IDU stacking)