Nuno Pina Gonalves Janeiro 2011

Agenda
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1) 2) 3) 4)

Introduo ao BPMN Elementos grficos Diagramas usados no BPMN Exemplos e exerccios

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Processos de Negcio
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Conjunto de tarefas ou actividades relacionadas que produzem um servio ou produto especfico para uma pessoa/ cliente ou grupos de pessoas/ clientes O Business Process Management (BPM) pretende efectuar a optimizao dos processos de negcio

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Ciclo de vida do BPM

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Desenhar

Modelar

Optimizar

Executar

Monitorizar
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Business Process Diagram (BPD)

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BPMN
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Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN)

Define um modo standard de representar os processos de negcio nos Business Process Diagrams (BPD) Objectivos:

Notao grfica standard Intuitiva e compreensiva Faz a ponte entre os analistas de negcio e quem desenvolve

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Elementos Grficos
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Finalidade:
Simblicos Reconhecimento instantneo Diferenciao

Quatro categorias:
Flow Objects Connecting Objects Swimlanes Artifacts

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Flow Objects
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So os elementos principais dos BPD. Trs tipos:

Event

Activity

Gateway

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Flow Objects Eventos

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O que um evento? Representado por um crculo. Trs tipos diferentes:

Start

Event: Intermediate Event: End Event:

Podem ter um resultado ou um trigger. Usados para iniciar, interromper ou terminar um fluxo.
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Flow Objects Actividades

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O que uma actividade? Representado por um rectngulo de cantos arredondados. Dois tipos diferentes:
Tarefas:

Sub-Processos:

Os sub-processos podem-se expandir em outros processos.

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Flow Objects Gateway (desvios)

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O que um desvio? Ajuda a convergir ou a divergir o fluxo. Representado por um losango. Exemplos:
Desvio

exclusivo (XOR) inclusivo (OR) paralelo (AND)

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Desvio

Desvio

Flow Objects Gateway (desvios)

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Desvio

complexo baseados em eventos

condicionado por evento

Desvios
Desvio

(apenas usado para divergncia e para eventos)

Desvio

exclusivo baseado em eventos paralelo baseado em eventos

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Desvio

Flow Objects Gateway (desvios)

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Desvios exclusivos (XOR)

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Flow Objects Gateway (desvios)

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Desvio paralelo (AND)

O processo s continua quando ambos os tokens tenham chegado

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Flow Objects Gateway (desvios)

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Desvio inclusivo (OR)

Podem ser seleccionados um ou mais fluxos Um desvio inclusivo aguarda por todos os tokens que foram iniciados
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Flow Objects Gateway (desvios)

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Desvio inclusivo (OR)

A entrega ao cliente apenas feita quando todos os fluxos que foram iniciados terminem
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Flow Objects Gateway (desvios)

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Podem-se fazer vrias combinaes de desvios

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Flow Objects Gateway (desvios)

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Desvios complexos

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Flow Objects Gateway (desvios)

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Desvios complexos

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Flow Objects Gateway (desvios)

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Dividir sem desvios

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Flow Objects Gateway (desvios)

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Dividir sem desvios

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Flow Objects Gateway (desvios)

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Desvios por eventos

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Flow Objects Gateway (desvios)

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Desvios por eventos

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Objectos de ligao
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Ajudam a ligar os objectos de fluxo. Trs tipos:

Sequence
Descreve

Flow
a ordem de execuo dos objectos de fluxo. o fluxo de mensagens entre dois participantes do

Message

Flow

Descreve

processo.

Associations
Associa

dados, texto e artefactos com os objectos de fluxo Usado para mostrar as entradas e as sadas das actividades.
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Swimlanes (divises)
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Ilustra diferentes capacidades funcionais ou responsabilidades. Dois tipos: Pool (divises): Lanes (compartimentos):
Name Name

Name

Descreve diferentes entidades empresariais / participantes. O fluxo no pode ultrapassar as fronteiras da diviso Os Message flow so usados para comunicao com outras divises.

Descreve participantes relacionados mas distintos. Os fluxos podem atravessar os limites dos compartimentos. Os Message flow no podem ser usados entre duas divises

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Name

Exerccio 1
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The process starts when the Area Director receives a letter from the Control Organization with a requirement for specific information. The Area Director enters the requirement into the system, assigns a person that will respond to it, indicating a date of expiry and the corresponding time that the person has to give the response. The person assigned can see the time that is available to make the response report, review the whole case and enter the response to the requirement. Later the Director should review the assigned users response, change what is considered pertinent and decide if this is the definitive response for the Control Organization. That is, if it is considered necessary, the person who prepared the response should review the case again and complete and correct the response. In this way, indicating that the response is not the definitive and that a new task will be generated to the person assigned. If the Director is satisfied that the response is definitive, then the letter of response is generated, printed and sent to the Control Organization. a. Make the Process Flow using the BPMN notation previously seen.
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Artefactos
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Ajudam a especificar detalhes. No alteram a sequncia dos fluxos. Podem ser criados para adicionar mais detalhe ao modo como o processo executado. Existem 3 tipos pr-definidos:
Data

Objects

Mostra

como os dados so produzidos ou obtidos pelas entidades para melhor analise/documentao.

As anotaes fornecem informao extra. Semelhante a comentrios
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Group
Agrupar

Anotaes

Eventos
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Algo que ocorre ou poder vir a ocorrer durante o decurso de um processo 3 tipos:

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Eventos
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Algo que ocorre ou poder vir a ocorrer durante o decurso de um processo 3 tipos:

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Eventos de incio - mensagem

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Eventos de incio - timer

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Eventos de fim
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Eventos de fim
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Eventos de fim - mensagem

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Eventos de fim - terminar

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Eventos de fim - cancelar

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Eventos de fim - erro

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Eventos intermdios
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Eventos intermdios - none

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Eventos intermdios - mensagem

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Eventos intermdios - link

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Eventos intermdios - cancel

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Eventos intermdios - error

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Eventos intermdios - compensation

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Eventos intermdios - sinal

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Vistas do BPMN
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Processos de negcio internos

Concentram-se

no ponto de vista de uma nica

organizao. Definem actividades que no esto visveis ao pblico. Podem ser executados em paralelo com outros elementos de negcio.

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Diagramas de colaborao B2B

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Diagramas de colaborao B2B

Interaco

entre duas ou mais entidades de negcio.

Definem

interaces que so pblicas para cada participante. menos detalhe interno das entidades

Mostram

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Diagramas de colaborao B2B

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Correcto e errado
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Exemplos de SubProcessos
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Mapeamento do BPMN
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BPMN inclui um mapeamento parcial para o Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) Alteraes feitas no modelo BPMN no so actualizadas no cdigo BPEL.

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UML vs BPMN
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Os diagramas de actividades da UML so similares ao BPMN Diferentes aproximaes:

UML: system view, object-oriented approach BPMN: customer view, process-oriented approach

BPMN est voltado para os analistas de negcio :

BPMN - simplificado UML - muito complexa

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Bom uso do BPMN

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Mau uso do BPMN

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O que um mau uso?

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BPMN no permite a diferenciao de elementos mltiplos

Many

ASPs involved in the bidding But which ASPs placed bids and which did not? Cannot identify winning ASP, cannot assign task!

BPMN no permite a passagem por referncia

TaskPlanner

cannot know which ASP completed a task It cannot even know if the task was completed
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Outras desvantagens do BPMN

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No existe o conceiro de funes do processo

No

possvel atribuir responsabilidades s pessoas Difcil definir execues

H muitas variaes possveis por construtor Os analistas de negcio utilizam apenas alguns dos simbolos
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O futuro do BPMN
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No h um formato standard de armazenamento

difcil trocar diagramas entre diferentes ferramentas O formato XPDL facilita a resoluo deste problema

BPMN no tem uma semantica de execuo formalizada

i.e.,

Como lidar com excepes? Muitas ferramentas tm conceitos diferentes entre si Desenvolver trabalho sobre a BPMN pode ajudar a colmatar estas dificuldades
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Concluses
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Paradigma alternativo de desenvolvimento aplicacional Permite a modelao de processos pelos analistas de negcio
Aproximao

centrada no utilizador e no uma apoximao centrada no sistema

Facilita a compreenso e comunicao dos processos de negcio dentro e entre organizaes No pode ser aplicada em todo o tipo de cenrios

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Exerccio 2
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Modify the previous process, diagramming the following situation: In case the response is not made within the time stipulated, an activity is generated for the Director, who should respond to the requirement to meet the date. Model this process using the BPMN notation previously seen.

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Exerccio 3
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Purpose: this process allows the Bank to verify if a reimbursement should be done to a customer. This process starts when a reimbursement request is done by a customer or any employee of the bank. Once the request is entered into the system, this system sends an order to make a provision for the refund to the system XY and an task is assigned to the operational analyst, who should evaluate the facts, research the case and finally give a concept about this reimbursement request. If the concept given by the analyst is favourable, an payment authorization (transaction) is sent, but the user's level of authority should be taken into account. If the analyst who sends the payment authorization does not have the enough level of authority, a task is assigned to the analysts supervisor to obtain an authorization for this transaction. In case that this new user has the enough level, the system will send the transaction. Otherwise, if the user does not have the appropriated level of authority, a new task will be assigned to the users immediate supervisor and so on until a user with the authority can authorize the payment. On other hand, if the reimbursement is denied and the request was done by the customer, a notification is sent to him / her. Model the process using the BPMN notation previously seen.
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Exerccio 4
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Commission payment process In XYZ Companys commission payment process, each vendor needs to prepare and submit their sales report for review and consolidation. When each sales report is received, it is approved by the commercial manager. If not approved, the vendor is requested to resubmit a revised sales report. Resubmitted reports are reviewed like the original. When all sales reports are approved, a sales summary report is consolidated by the commercial manager to pay the corresponding commissions.
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Exerccio 5
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Claims Process First, an employee of the Department of Logistics registers every complaint or claim presented. After registration, an employee of the department sends a complaint form to the client with questions about the nature of the claim. There are two possibilities: that the customer return the form within two weeks or not. If the form is returned, it is processed automatically, resulting in a report that will be used later in the process. If the form is not returned on time, a time-out occurs, resulting in an empty report. Note that the not-receive of the form does not mean the end of the process or that the complaint is to be dismissed. After registration, in parallel with the dispatch and receipt of the form, the preparation process begins. First, the complaint is evaluated by the Complaint Department Director. The assessment will indicate whether an additional processing is required. If no additional processing is required and the form was processed, the complaint or claim is filed. If additional processing is required, an employee of the Complaint Department executes the task "Process Complaint" (in this activity the action required to resolve the complaint are proposed). To process the complaint, the report resulting from the form is used. Note that the report can be empty. The result of the task, "Process Complaint" is considered by the Complaint Department Director. If the result is not OK, the Process Complaint task is executed again. This is repeated several times until the result is accepted. If the result is accepted, an employee of the Complaint Department executes the actions proposed. After this, the complaint or claim is filed by an employee of the logistic department.

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Exerccio 6
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Travel Agency To organize a trip, a travel agency performs several activities. First, the client is registered. Then an employee looks for opportunities and communicates them to the client. After that, the client will be contacted to ask him if he is still interested in the trip proposed by the agency or if he would like to receive other options. There are 3 possibilities: The client is definitely not interested The client would like to receive other options The client chooses an option If the client chooses a trip, the corresponding booking is carried out. At the same time, one or two types of insurances are prepared, if he wishes. A client can take a trip cancellation and/or luggage loss insurance. Please bear in mind that a client can decide not to take any insurance at all, to take only the cancellation insurance, only the luggage loss insurance or both. Two weeks before the departing date the documents are sent to the client. A trip can be cancelled at any time after making the reservation (including the insurance) and before the departing date. Bear in mind that clients who have no cancellation insurance can cancel the trip, but wont get a refund.

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Exerccio 7
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Lets have a party A group of students want to set up a company to organize parties. The client has to state the amount of money he wants to spend, the number of people who will be attending and the area where the party will be. With this information the agency looks for suitable locations and takes care of the rest. The party can be inside or outside. If the party is inside, a hall has to be rented. However, if the party is outside, an area, a marquee and an authorization to make noise (music) are needed. There are two types of music: live music or CDs. The agency itself, and not the client, chooses between these options. Live music is preferred, but it is expensive, therefore most of the parties use CDs. The CD option is also selected when there is no time to select a band. If the CD option is chosen, the sound system has to be prepared. In case live music is chosen, things are more complicated. First, a band is selected. Then a letter is sent to the band inviting them to play at the party. If the band doesnt reply within a week, a new band is picked and the process is repeated. If the second band replies, there are again two possibilities: either they are interested or not. In the second case a new band is picked and the process is repeated. In the first case, however, the band is not hired right away. First, the agency needs to see and listen to the band to check whether they are good enough. If the students are not able to find a band in time, they move to the CD option. Of course the bands that have already been hired before dont need to be evaluated again. They are hired right away. After having taken care of the location and the music, they also take care of the food and the beverages. In case they hired a band, they order additional food and beverages for the musicians. To make sure everything is fine, the students take a look at the party once it has started. After that they send the bill to the client.

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