SAMPLE QUESTION Select most appropriate alternative. Q... to Q..... (0.25 marks each) 1. Consider following statements 1.

Soft storey refers to stiffness. 2. Weak storey refers to strength. 3. Stiffness and strength are two different things. Out of these statements, following are correct A) 1, 2, 3 B) 1&2 only C) 2&3 only D) 1&3 only Ans A

Q8. Actual forces that appear on structures during earthquakes arethe design forces specified in 1893-Part-I. A) much greater than Ans A B)always lower than C) equal to the D) 50% of

Q6. As per IS 1893 which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct 1. The design approach adopted in this standard is to ensure that structures possess at least a minimum strength to withstand minor earthquake (<DBE), which occur frequently, without damage. 2. Resist moderate earthquakes (DBE) without significant structural damage though some non-structural damage may occur. 3. No structure shall suffer any damage during earthquake of all magnitudes. 4. Structures withstand a major earthquake (MCE) without collapse. Correct statement(s) is(are) A)1,2,3 Ans B Q14. According to IS 1893- Part III (draft), anti-dislodgement elements like reaction blocks and seismic arrestors shall be designed for, A) at least half the seismic force. B) at least twice the seismic force. B)1,2,4 C) 1 and 4 D)only 3 E) 3 and 4.

C) at least five times the seismic force. D) at least 2/3 the seismic force. E) at least one fifth the seismic force. Ans. B

Q. Consider following statements 1. Soil- structure interaction may not be considered in the seismic analysis for structure supported on rock. 2. Soil- structure interaction is more significant in case of soft soils. Out of these statements, following are correct A) only 1 B) only 2 C) 1&2 D) none of the above 3. Ductility D) 2&3 only Ans C

Q. Response reduction factor accounts for 1. Over strength 2. Redundancy A) 1, 2, 3 B) 1&2 only C) 1&3 only

Ans A

Q9. According to IS:1893-Part-I, in seismic Zones IV and V, individual spread footings or pile caps shall be interconnected with ties, except when individual spread footings are directly supported on rock. All ties shall be capable of carrying, in tension and in compression, an axial force A) equal to Ah times the larger of the column or pile cap load B) equal to Ah /4 times the larger of the column or pile cap load

C) equal to Ah times the smaller of the column or pile cap load D) equal to Ah /4 times the smaller of the column or pile cap load E) equal to 2.5Ah times the smaller of the column or pile cap load Q15. Match LIST-I with LIST-II

Ans. B

LIST-I A.lateral stiffness is less than 70 percent of that in the storey above B.less than 80 percent of the average lateral stiffness of the three storeys above C.lateral stiffness is less than 60 percent of that in the storey above D.less than 70 percent of the average stiffness of the three storeys E. storey lateral strength is less than 80 percent of that in the storey above. ANS. A-1, B-1, C-2, D-2, E-3

LIST-II 1-Soft Storey 2-Extreme Soft Storey 3- Weak Storey

State true or false, giving reasons. [ 5x0.5 = 2.5Marks ]

I. One should assume that design seismic load in X and Y directions will occur II. Design of a RC frame building, circular in plan, requires 100%+30% rule for load
combinations. TRUE simultaneously. FALSE

III. In zone IV, value of Z is 0.24 implies that peak ground acceleration in zone IV may not
exceed 0.24g. FALSE IV. One cant accurately predict the natural period of a building by carrying out dynamic analysis. TRUE V. Compound wall is to be designed for taking five times of horizontal seismic coefficient (Ah). FALSE Data type questions Q. 6 (i)For a masonry buildings situated in Delhi, extra cost of earthquake safety elements constructed using the Indian Standard Codes and Guidelines is ..% . Ans 3-4 Q. 6 (ii) . As per IS 4326:1993, maximum width of opening at ventilator is ......... Ans 900 mm Q. 6 (iii) As per IS 4326:1993, Minimum vertical thickness of R.C. band is..Ans: 75 mm Q. 6 (iv). Mass irregularity shall be considered to exist where the seismic weight of any storey is more than .percent of that of its adjacent storeys. Ans:200 Q. 6 (v). Isolated R.C.C. footing without tie beams, or un-reinforced strip foundation shall not be permitted in soft soils with .............. value less than ............... Ans: ...... SPT N ........... 10 Q. 6 (vi). Dynamic analysis should be performed for all irregular buildings higher than .......... in zone IV and V Ans: 12 m Q. 6 (vii). As per IS code of practice, for a masonry building in Bhuj minimum grade of cement-sand mortar should be ------Ans: 1:4 (all buildings in zone V are E class) Q. 6 (viii). Energy released in an earthquake of M8 magnitude compare to M6 magnitude on Richter Scale is. Ans) 1000 times Q. 6 (ix)Maximum intensity expected in zone IV on MSK64 scale is----------B) VIII Ans B Q1. Minimum strength sand cement mortar mix used for masonry construction for earthquake resistance is A) 1:6 Ans A B) 1:4 C) 1:3 D) 1:8

Concept BASED questions

Q7. Design earthquake forces (as per code of practices of country) are less than or more than the actual forces that might occur during an earthquake? On what basis that difference between actual earthquake forces and design earthquake forces are accounted for? Can you apply the same concept for resisting forces due to dead and live loads, give reasons. [CE G615 09-05-2011] [2 marks] Ans 7: Design earthquake forces (as per code of practices of country) are less than the actual forces that might occur during an earthquake? It is not intended in this standard to lay down regulation so that no structure shall suffer any damage during earthquake of all magnitudes. It has been endeavored to ensure that, as far as possible, structures are able to respond, without structural damage to shocks of moderate intensities and without total collapse (i.e. ensuring safety of occupants) to shocks of heavy intensities. However,

ductility, arising from inelastic material behaviour and detailing, and over-strength, arising from
the additional reserve strength in structures over and above the design strength, are relied upon to account for this difference in actual and design lateral loads.

If structure is design for forces higher than actual most severe earthquake forces it would be highly uneconomical due to rare probability of such most sever EQ. In such case damage is allowed without collapse and it would be economical to do repairs after EQ if occurring.

No, it cant be applied for DL & LL as these are permanent loads, will result in frequent failure in buildings and cost of repair would be very high.

Q3. a)As per IS1893 (Part-I)-2002, what types of soils are susceptible to liquefaction? b)What is the criterion for liquefaction has to occur in these soils? c)Do you think these clauses are appropriate? If not, what would be suggested modification according to recent developments? [2 Marks] Ans7. a) and b) 3.16 Liquefaction Liquefaction is a state in saturated cohesionless soil wherein the effective shear strength is reduced to negligible value for all engineering purpose due to pore pressure caused by vibrations during an earthquake when they approach the total confining pressure. In this condition the soil tends to behave like a fluid mass. 6.3.5.2..In soil deposits consisting of submerged loose sands and soils falling under classification SP with standard penetration N-values less than 15 in seismic Zones III, IV, V and less than 10 in seismic Zone II, the vibration caused by earthquake may cause liquefaction. [1] Marine clays and other sensitive clays are also known to liquefy due to collapse of soil structure and will need special treatment according to site condition. [0.5] Ansc)No, these clauses are not appropriate and need modification. Liquefaction may occur in silty sand, silts, silty clay,
clayey silt and clayey sand. Guidelines should be included to address liquefaction in such soils also. [0.5]

Q.10 Why the seismic force on bridges due to live load shall be ignored when acting in the direction of the traffic but shall be taken into consideration when acting in the direction perpendicular to traffic? [1]

Ans. The live load here implies .vehicular traffic. The seismic force acting on the live load is ignored in the direction of traffic because such a force would cause the wheels to roll and very little or no inertia force would be transmitted to the substructure on this account. Since the bridges are designed for longitudinal force due to braking effects, it is assumed that any inertia force transmitted to the substructure in the traffic direction would be covered by the design for longitudinal braking force. Since the rolling of wheels is not possible in transverse direction, the seismic effects on live load should be included in this direction.

Q.11 Why reductions due to buoyancy or uplift are neglected for calculating seismic weights? [1] Ans 11 The reductions due to buoyancy or uplift are neglected because buoyancy is a force. The inertia forces are not calculated on a force, these are calculated only on mass.

Q9. What do you mean by missing mass correction? In which case it is required to be applied? With a neatsketch show a practical example where it may be required. [2marks] Q10. What are the methods to find out damping of structure and soil? Explain procedure briefly (2-3 lines only) along with formulation and neat sketch of each method. What are the values of damping ratio suggested by latest versions of IS 1893. [3 marks]