Lab 3: Anatomy of the Heart Objectives 1.

To name and locate the major anatomical areas and structures of the heart when provided with an appropriate model and dissected sheep heart. 2. To trace the pathway of blood through the heart, and to compare the pulmonary and systemic circuits. 3. To identify the coronary arteries and veins.

I. Sheep Heart Dissection 1. Cut open the parietal pericardium (if it has been removed, you may still find parts of it attached to the bases of the great vessels) and observe the thin visceral pericardium (epicardium) on the surface of the heart, and the pericardial cavity.

2. Carefully remove the adipose tissue, and examine the coronary vessels (you are not required to know the specific names of the coronary arteries in the sheep heart). 3. Note that all the blood vessels enter and exit the heart from the superior base of the heart. The inferior pointed end is the apex of the heart. 4. Squeeze the lower portion of the heart and note that the left ventricle feels much thicker than the right ventricle. 5. After determining the positions of the ventricles and atria, examine the following great vessels on the base of the heart: ascending aorta - thick-walled, originating from left ventricle superior vena cava - thin-walled, entering right atrium inferior vena cava - thin-walled, entering right atrium pulmonary trunk - thick-walled, originating from right ventricle pulmonary veins (right & left) - smaller, thin-walled, entering left atrium If you could not identify these vessels at this point, you could do it later after the chambers are cut open. 6. To observe the internal structures of the chambers, you should make a frontal sectional cut (like cutting a bagel) around the heart and separate the heart into equal anterior and posterior halves. Make sure you only cut around the left, inferior and right borders, and leave the base of heart intact so you can trace the blood flow between the chambers and the great vessels. 7. Identify the right atrium and the following associated structures: right auricle pectinate muscles opening of the superior vena cava (insert a finger through the opening to identify the superior vena cava) opening of the inferior vena cava (insert a finger through the opening to identify the inferior vena cava)
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8. Identify the right ventricle and the following associated structures: trabeculae carneae papillary muscles chordae tendineae insert a finger through the pulmonary trunk to find the pulmonary semilunar valve 9. Identify the right atrioventricular valve (also known as the tricuspid valve) 10. Identify the interatrial septum 11. Identify the left atrium and the following associated structures: left auricle openings of pulmonary veins insert a finger through the openings to identify the pulmonary veins 12. Identify the left ventricle (notice the thicker wall) and the following associated structures: trabeculae carneae papillary muscles chordae tendineae insert a finger through the ascending aorta to identify the aortic semilunar valve 13. Make a longitudinal cut into the ascending aorta and identify the openings of the coronary arteries just above the aortic semilunar valve 14. Identify the left atrioventricular valve (also known as the bicuspid or mitral valve). Do you notice any difference between the left atrioventricular valve and the right atrioventricular valve? II. Human Heart Models and Figures Identify the following structures on human heart models in the lab and the figures in the textbook: 1. Coronary Arteries a) The left coronary artery arises from the left side of the aorta, passes behind the pulmonary trunk, divides into the anterior interventricular artery, and the circumflex artery b) The right coronary artery arises from the right side of the aorta, divides into the posterior interventricular artery, and the marginal artery c) The great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, and small cardiac vein, all drain into the coronary sinus, the latter drains into right atrium 2. Great vessels associated with systemic circulation a) ascending aorta b) aortic arch c) descending aorta d) superior vena cava e) inferior vena cava
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3. Great vessels associated with pulmonary circulation a) pulmonary trunk b) left & right pulmonary arteries c) left & right pulmonary veins 4. Right atrium and associated structures a) pectinate muscles b) right auricle c) opening of the superior vena cava d) opening of the inferior vena cava 5. Right ventricle and associated structures a) trabeculae carneae b) papillary muscles c) chordae tendineae d) right AV (tricuspid) valve e) pulmonary semilunar valve 6. Left atrium and associated structures a) left auricle b) opening of the pulmonary veins 7. Interventricular septum 8. Left ventricle and associated structures a) trabeculae carneae b) papillary muscles c) chordae tendineae d) left AV (bicuspid, mitral) valve e) aortic semilunar valve