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Kolegij: Engleski jezik II Mentor: prof. eljka Peria Perkov Studenti: Ivan Stojanovski / Branimir Mareti Matini broj: 13083 1131/ 13057 1131
CONTENT:
1. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................1 2. HOVERCRAFT...........................................................................................................................2 2.1 History...................................................................................................................................2 2.2. Creation of Hovercrafts .......................................................................................................2 2.2.1. Thrust Propellers .........................................................................................................3 2.2.2. Air box ........................................................................................................................3 2.2.3. Lifting Fan ...................................................................................................................4 2.2.4. Hovercraft Skirt ...........................................................................................................4 3. CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................4 4. LITERATURE.............................................................................................................................6 1.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hovercraft...................................................................................6 3.www.rescuehovercraft.com......................................................................................................6
1. INTRODUCTION
A hovercraft (air-cushion vehicle, ACV) is a craft capable of traveling over land, water, mud or ice and other surfaces both at speed and when stationary. They operate by creating a cushion of high-pressure air between the hull of the vessel and the surface below. Typically this cushion is contained within a flexible "skirt". Hovercraft are hybrid vessels operated by a pilot as an aircraft rather than a captain as a marine vessel. They typically hover at heights between 200mm and 600mm above any surface and operate above 20 knots and can clear gradients up to 20 degrees. The first practical design for hovercraft derived from a British invention in the 1950s to 1960s. They are now used throughout the world as specialised transports in disaster relief, coastguard, military and survey applications as well as for sport or passenger service. Very large versions have been used to transport hundreds of people and vehicles across the English Channel whilst others have military applications used to transport tanks, soldiers and large equipment in hostile environments and terrain.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Hovercraft-MVPP10.jpg
2. HOVERCRAFT
2.1 History
The first recorded design for a hovercraft was in 1716 put forward by Emmanual Swedenborg, a Swedish designer and philosopher. The project was short-lived and a craft was never built. Swedenborg realized that to operate such a machine required a source of energy far greater than any available at that time. In the mid-1870s, the British engineer Sir John Thornycroft built a number of model craft to check the air-cushion effects and even filed patents involving airlubricated hulls, although the technology required to implement the concept did not yet exist. From this time both American and European engineers continued work on the problems of designing a practical craft. In the early 1950s the British inventor Christopher Cockerell began to experiment with such vehicles, and in 1955 he obtained a patent for a vehicle that was "neither an airplane, nor a boat, nor a wheeled land craft." He had a boat builder produce a twofoot prototype, which he demonstrated to the military in 1956 without arousing interest. Cockerell persevered, and in 1959 a commercially built one-person Hovercraft crossed the English Channel. In 1962 a British vehicle became the first to go into active service on a 19-mi (31-km) ferry run.
When building a hovercraft it is imperative that you are sure you have a firm grasp of the important concepts and principles involved. An elementary knowledge of physics is required. Ease of use, cost, availability and safety are all significant considerations when building a hovercraft. Care must be taken in selecting a motor and propeller for the proper function and stability of the hovercraft and to meet your needs for thrust and lift. A good skirt design is essential for stability and of course, body designs must be well thought-out in order to meet your needs for speed and stability. Finally, the rudders must be well weighed out in order to avoid weighing down your hovercraft and also well shaped in order to move air as efficiently as possible.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Hovercraft_-_scheme.svg
3. CONCLUSION
Hovercrafts are generally simple mechanisms in theory. Yet the process from theory to manifestation is not as easy as it may seem. A plethora of problems exist and must be faced in
order to attain a well functioning hovercraft. The plans and designs must be flawless. One must take under consideration the weight and the shape of each component in order to avoid problems such as instability and dysfunction. This is a marvelous machine which greatly cuts down the friction which in turn helps it to attain greater speed and more stability. Varieties of problems and factors have to be taken into account in designing and constructing a hovercraft. The difficulties involved in maintaining stability and functional competency has limited the application to only transportation or for military purpose. The cost involved in the developing of a hovercraft is also another impediment to the widespread use of this machine.
Picture 3. Hovercraft3
http://www.anything-rc.com/images/hovercraft.jpg
4. LITERATURE