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SOLID WASTE AND SANITATION SERVICES

CHAPTER 14

Asolidwasteassessmentdetermineswhetheraprojecthasthepotentialtocauseasubstantialincreaseinsolidwaste production that may overburden available waste management capacity or otherwise be inconsistent with the Citys SolidWasteManagementPlan(SWMPorPlan)orwithstatepolicyrelatedtotheCitysintegratedsolidwasteman agement system. The Citys solid waste system includes waste minimization at the point of generation, collection, treatment, recycling, composting, transfer, processing, energy recovery, and disposal. As discussed below, most projectswouldnothavethepotentialtogeneratesufficientwastetowarrantadetailedsolidwasteanalysis.Bycon trast, a project that would directly affect a component of the local integrated solid waste management system may requireadetailedanalysistodetermineifithasthepotentialtocauseasignificantimpactrequiringmitigation. AswitheachtechnicalareaassessedunderCEQR,itisimportantforanapplicanttoworkcloselywiththeleadagency duringtheentireenvironmentalreviewprocess.Additionally,theleadagencymaydetermineitisappropriatetocon sultorcoordinatewiththecitysexperttechnicalagenciesforaparticularproject.Here, theNewYorkCityDepart mentofSanitation(DSNY)shouldbeconsultedasearlyaspossibleintheenvironmentalreviewprocessforinforma tion,technicalreview,andrecommendationsformitigationrelatingtosolidwaste.Section700furtheroutlinesappro priatecoordination.

100.DEFINITIONS
110.COLLECTION,TRANSFER,ANDTRANSPORTSYSTEMS 111.SolidWasteCollection/Management
111.1.PubliclyManagedMunicipalSolidWaste

According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, municipal solid waste (MSW)otherwise known as trash or garbageconsists of everyday items such as product packaging, grass clippings, furniture,clothing,bottles,foodscraps,newspapers,appliances,andbatteries.Notincludedarema terialsthatalsomaybedisposedinlandfills,butarenotgenerallyconsideredMSW,suchasconstruc tionanddemolitionmaterials,municipalwastewatertreatmentsludges,andnonhazardousindustri alwastes(discussedfurtherbelow).MSWincludesitemsdesignatedbylawforseparatecollection forrecycling.DSNYistheagencyresponsibleforcollectingandprocessingordisposingofMSW(in cluding certain designated recyclable materials discussed below) generated by residences, public schools, some notforprofit institutions, nonresidential facilities that are exempt from real estate taxes,andmanycityandstateagencies.Foreaseofreference,DSNYusesthetermrefusetorefer toMSWfromwhichdesignatedrecyclableshavealreadybeenseparatedatthepointoforigin.MSW isgeneratedbyresidences,thepublicsector,andtheprivatesector.DSNYalsocollectsrefusefrom streetlitterbaskets,streetsweepingoperations,andlotcleaningactivitiesandarrangesfordisposal ofrefusecollectedbycertainotherCityandgovernmentalagencies.SomeoftherefusethatDSNY collectsmayincludeconstructionanddemolitiondebrisgeneratedbytheentitiesservedbyDSNY. DSNYdoesnotcollectcommercialMSWorothercommercialwastes,includingconstructionandde molitiondebris,fillmaterialwaste(i.e.,asubsetofconstructionanddemolitiondebristhatisclean materialconsistingofearth,dirt,concrete,rock,gravel,stoneorsandthatdoesnotcontainorganic
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matterhavingthetendencytodecomposewiththeformationofmalodorousbyproducts),regulated medicalwaste,asbestos,hazardousorindustrialwastes,ordredgespoils(i.e.,sedimenttypemate rialsexcavatedfromwaterways).TheDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtectionmanagesbiosolids (i.e.,asolidorganicmatterrecoveredfromthesewagetreatmentprocess).Additionalinformation relating to fill material waste, construction and demolition debris, hazardous waste, and dredge spoils is presented in Chapter 22, "Construction Impacts," Chapter 12, "Hazardous Materials," and Chapter11,"NaturalResources."
111.2. CommercialMSWandOtherSolidWastes

SOLID WASTE AND SANITATION SERVICES

Commercialestablishments(restaurants,retailfacilities,offices,industries,etc.)inthecitycontract withprivatecartersforcollectionandforprocessingand/ordisposalofvariouskindsofsolidwaste, notablyMSW,constructionanddemolitiondebris,nonhazardousindustrialwastes,andrecyclables. Privatecartersgenerallychargeafeeonapercubicyardbasis.

111.3.RegulatedMedicalWastes

Medicalfacilitiesseparatetheirwasteintotwocategories:regulatedmedicalwaste(whichincludes potentiallyhazardousorinfectiousmaterials)andordinarywaste.TheNewYorkStateDepartment ofHealth(NYSDOH)andtheNewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation(DEC)regu late the generation, treatment, storage, transfer and disposal of these medical wastes. Regulated medicalwastegeneratedintheCitymustbeplacedinspecialsealedcontainersanddisposedofin facilitiespermittedtoprocesssuchwaste,eitherbyincineration,anotherformofsterilization,disin fection,oranotherapprovedmethod.Medicalfacilitiesarerequiredbylawtorecyclesomeoftheir ordinarywaste(thatis,nonregulatedmedicalwaste).Eachmedicalfacilityisrequiredtosubmita plantoDSNYexplaininghowitplanstodisposeofitswaste. DSNYcollectshouseholdmedicalwaste(definedasitemsthatareusedinthecourseofhomehealth care,suchasintravenoustubingandsyringeswithneedlesattached,thatisdisposedwithresidential solidwaste)ifitisplacedinpunctureresistantcontainers.PursuanttoArticle28oftheNewYork State Public Health Law and 10 NYCRR Part 70, NYSDOH regulations require hospitals and nursing homestoacceptsharps(definedasneedlesandothersharpitemsthatmaycausepuncturesorcuts) andotherhouseholdmedicalwastesfordisposaliftheyarebroughttothefacility.
111.4.DesignatedRecyclableMaterials

UnderNewYorkCitysmandatoryRecyclingLaw(Title16oftheNYCAdministrativeCode,Chapter3) DSNYhasestablishedandenforcesrulesrequiringthatcertaindesignatedrecyclablematerialsbese paratedfromhouseholdwasteforseparatecollection,includingaluminumfoil,glassandmetalcon tainers,plasticbottlesandjugs,beveragecartons,newspapersandmagazines,cardboardandother paperwastes,andothermetalitems(includingbulkmetalsuchasstoves,refrigerators,filecabinets, etc.). These recyclingrulesalsorequirethat multiunit dwellingssetasidespaceforthe storagein designatedlocationsandthatcommercialwasteinmultiusebuildingsbeseparatedfromresidential wasteforseparatepickup.Therulesalsoprovideforseasonalcollectionofleavesandotheryard wasteincertaindistrictsofthecityforcompostingoncertaindaysdesignatedbyDSNY.LocalLaw13 of 2008 (Title 16 of the NYC Administrative Code, Chapter 4a), requires manufacturers of certain kinds of electronic items sold in the city, such as televisions, computers and printers, to collect for reuse or recycling such items of electronic waste (or ewaste). This mandate is intended to pro moterecyclingandprotectenvironmentalandpublichealth,inpartbyreducingtheriskofcontami nantssuchasheavymetalsfoundinewastefromescapingintotheenvironmentviaairorground waterpollutionpathwaysfromwastedisposalfacilitiessuchasincineratorsandlandfills.Locallaw 97of2005(Title16NYCAdministrativeCode,Chapter4)alsobansthedisposalofrechargeablebat teriesassolidwasteandrequiresthemtobetakeninsteadtolocalretailersthatsellsuchbatteries sothattheymayberecycledpursuanttoaprogramarrangedbythebatterymanufacturer.
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CommercialestablishmentsarealsosubjecttomandatoryrecyclingrequirementsenforcedbyDSNY. Businessesmustsourceseparatecertaintypesofrecyclablematerialsincludingpaperwastes,card board,metalitems,andconstructionwastes.Foodandbeverageestablishmentsmustrecyclemetal, glassandplasticcontainers,andaluminumfoilinadditiontotheaboveitems.Privatecartersmayal soseparateothertypesofrecyclablesfromthewasteaftercollection. 112.PublicandPrivateWasteTransferStations DSNY delivers most of the refuse it collects to certain public or private solid waste management facilities knownastransferstations,inthecityorinadjoiningcommunities,forprocessingandtransportationtoout ofcitydisposalfacilities.Certaintransferstationsmayacceptputresciblesolidwasteswhileothersaccepton lynonputresciblesolidwastes.Putresciblesolidwastescontainorganicmatterhavingthetendencytode composewiththeformationofmalodorousbyproducts.Nonputresciblesolidwastesdonotcontainsuch organicmatter.Facilitiesthatacceptnonputresciblesolidwastesfortransfer,sortingoutofrecyclableitems, anddisposalofresidueareknownunderstatelawasconstructionanddemolitiondebrisprocessingfacili ties.Asubsetofnonputresciblesolidwastetransferfacilitiesknownasfillmaterialtransferstationsac ceptsonlyconstructionanddemolitionwastesconsistingofcleanfillmaterial,whichistypicallyscreenedand processed for reuse. Putrescible waste transfer stations require transfer operations to be in fully enclosed buildingssubjecttostringentdustandodorcontrols. DSNY delivers the refuse it collects to waste transfer facilities where it is unloaded, and after sorting and compaction,istransportedtolandfillsorwastetoenergyfacilities.Amapofsuchtransferstationfacilities canbefoundhere.Similarly,commercialMSWandothersolidwastethatisnotcarteddirectlytodisposalfa cilities delivered to transfer stations for transport to disposal facilities. Nonputrescible waste such as con structionanddemolitiondebristypicallyissortedattransferstations,whichremovecleanfillmaterials,met al,andwoodforrecycling,andsendtheresiduetolandfillsfordisposal. 113.Landfills,IncineratorsandWastetoEnergyFacilities NewYorkCityhasnopublicorprivatelocaldisposalfacilitiessuchassanitarylandfills,constructionandde molitiondebrislandfills,traditionalincinerators,orwastetoenergyresourcerecoveryfacilities.Consequent ly,solidwastesthatarenotrecycled,reusedorconvertedtoausefulproductlocallymustbeexportedfrom theCityfordisposal.Thereare,however,severalclosed,butstillregulated,landfillswithintheCity,suchas FreshKills,PennsylvaniaAvenueandFountainAvenue. Suchlandfillsgeneratelandfillgas,whichisapproximately50%methane,fromtheongoingdecompositionof organicwastes.Somecitylandfillscontrolsuchgasthroughflaring,whiletheFreshKillsLandfillhasaplantto recover landfill gas and purify the methane for sale as natural gas (biomethane). Modern landfills are re quiredbyfederalandstatelawtohavedoubleliners,leachatetreatmentsystemsandstringentpermanent coverdesignstandardstopreventgroundwatercontaminationfromthelandfill.ThePortAuthorityofNew YorkandNewJerseyisauthorizedtoassistinthedevelopmentofnewregionalresourcerecoveryfacilities. 114.MaterialsRecoveryFacilities Asnotedabove,DSNYandprivatecartersmustcollectdesignatedrecyclablematerialsgeneratedwithinthe cityanddeliverthemtomaterialsrecoveryfacilities(MRFs),termedrecyclableshandlingandrecoveryfacili tiesbystateregulations.Asaresult,suchrecyclablematerialsaredeliveredtoprivatelyoperatedMRFsin thecityandadjoiningcommunitiesforprocessingandtransportationtoendproductmanufacturers.Amap oftheDSNYscurrentrecyclingnetworkcanbefoundhere,includingthenewMRFtobeoperatedinSouth Brooklyn. PaperrecyclablescollectedbyDSNYinManhattan,StatenIslandandpartsofBrooklynarenottakentoaMRF butaretransporteddirectlytothePrattIndustriesPaperPlantinStatenIsland,whichprocessesthemforuse intheproductionoflinerboardandsimilarproducts.
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NewYorkStatealsohasabottlebilllawthatsubjectsthesaleofcertainkindsofbeveragesinbottlesand cans to the payment of a deposit that is intended to reduce litter and promote the recovery of natural re sourcesthroughrecycling. 115.CompostingFacilities AprivatevendoroperatesleafandyardwastecompostingfacilitiesbytheformerFreshKillLandfillinStaten IslandandatcityparklocationsinBrooklynandtheBronxpursuanttoacontractwithDSNY.Othercompost ingfacilitiesareoperatedwithincertaincityparksbytheDepartmentofParksandRecreation(DPR).Suchfa cilities accept leaf and yard waste collected from DPR and from the community districts that are served by DSNYsfallleafandyardwastecollectionprogram.Thecityalsorunsasmallfoodwastecompostingfacility onRikersIslandusinganaerobicdigestiontechnologythatprocessesfoodwastefromtheRikersIslandcor rectionalfacility. Inaddition,businessesthatgenerateyardwaste(e.g.,gardeningservices)arerequiredtotakesuchwasteto apermittedcompostingfacility,ifoneexistswithinNewYorkCityorwithin10milesoftheboroughinwhich suchpersongeneratesyardwaste. 116.SpecialWasteCollectionSites Special Waste items are certain designated household waste items that require special handling to avoid mixing with regular refuse and recycling collections, including latex paint, motor oil, automotive batteries, householdbatteries,motoroilfilters,fluorescentlighttubes,compactfluorescentbulbs,andmercuryther mostats.DSNYacceptsSpecialWastefromNewYorkCityhouseholdsatadropoffcollectionfacilitylocated ineachborough.SpecialWasteistransportedanddisposedorrecycledpursuanttoacontractwithaprivate vendor.

SOLID WASTE AND SANITATION SERVICES

120.COMPREHENSIVESOLIDWASTEMANAGEMENTPLAN AsrequiredbyNewYorkStatelaw,thecityhasadoptedacomprehensiveSWMPforthelongtermmanagement ofsolidwastegeneratedwithinitsborders.ThePlanadoptsanintegratedapproachtowastemanagement,iden tifiessufficientcapacityforhandlinganddisposalofsuchwastes,andcomplieswithstatelawregardingproviding recyclingprogramswhereeconomicallyfeasible.TheSWMPtakesintoaccounttheobjectivesoftheStatessolid waste management policy with respect to the preferred hierarchy of waste management methods: begin with waste reduction, then recycling, composting, resource conservation and energy production, and, lastly, landfill disposal.Solidwastemanagementfacilitiesproposedtobeoperatedbyapublicentitymustbeincludedinthe SWMP. TheCitysfirstSWMPwasapprovedin1992,modifiedandupdatedin1996,andfurthermodifiedin2001.The currentplancoverstheperiodthrough2025andwasadoptedinJuly2006;itwasapprovedbyNewYorkStatein October2006.Itmaybefoundhere. TheSWMPestimatespublicandprivatesectorwastequantitiesthatmustbemanagedovertheplanningperiod, and identifies processing, transfer and disposal capacity that will be necessary for such wastes. The SWMP in cludesprogramsdesignedtoprevent,reduce,reuse,recycleandcompostsolidwaste,andincludesinitiativesin tendedtoreducetrucktrafficandairemissionsassociatedwiththeexportofDSNYandcommercialwasteandre cyclablestoprocessorsanddisposalfacilitiessuchaslandfillsandresourcerecoveryfacilities.Nonewlandfillor resourcerecoveryfacilitycapacityisplannedwithintheCity.BoththenewSWMPandPlaNYCsupportthecon ceptofnewwasteconversiontechnologiessuchasanaerobicdigestionandnonincinerationgasificationthat can derive energy from nonrecyclable wastes in an environmentally acceptable manner, reducing the impacts, energyuseandgreenhousegasemissionsfromlongdistancetransportandlandfillingofsuchwaste.Thefollow ing describes the three principal programs in the SWMP: 1) recycling; 2) export of refuse for disposal; and 3) commercialwaste.
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RECYCLINGPROGRAM

SOLID WASTE AND SANITATION SERVICES

DSNYscurbsiderecyclingprogramandplanssetforthintheSWMPinclude: A contract to develop a central MRF to process citywide DSNY collections of source separatedmetal,glassandplastic(MGP)recyclablesandpapertobeshippedbybargetothe SouthBrooklynMarineTerminal.MGPfromQueensandnorthernBrooklynwouldcontinue to be transferred to barges at a facility located in Long Island City, and Bronxorigin MGP would continue to be transferred at a facility in the Bronx before being barged to the new centralMRF. DevelopmentofaManhattanrecyclablesfacilityontheGansevoortPeninsulawhereDSNY collectedMGPfromManhattanwouldbetransferredtobargesfordeliverytotheSimsMetal BrooklynMRFforprocessing,whilepaperrecyclablesfromManhattanwouldbetransferred tobargesanddeliveredtoStatenIslandforrecycling.Untilthisfacilityisoperational,MGP from southern Manhattan would continue to be tipped Jersey City, NJ, while MGP from northernManhattanwouldcontinuetobetippedataBronxfacility. AcontractforacceptanceofRecyclablePapercurbsidefromStatenIsland,Manhattananda portionofBrooklynbyapaperrecyclingmillinStatenIsland,andshorttermcontractswith otherpaperrecyclingvendorstoreceiveDSNYdeliveriesofpaperrecyclablescollectedfrom theBronx,Queens,andotherportionsofBrooklyn. AyardwastecompostingfacilityatSpringCreekParkinBrooklyn,inadditiontothecompost ingfacilitiesatSoundviewParkintheBronxandattheFreshKillsLandfillinStatenIsland. EstablishmentofaComposting/NewTechnologiesTaskforcetoexploreandtestfacilitiesuti lizingnewandemergingwasteconversiontechnologiessuchasanaerobicdigestionorther mal technologies that can process organic and other wastes into useful products such as compost,biogas,electricityand/orotherproductsandtherebyminimizetheneedforlandfil ling. Variousotherinitiatives,includingexpandedoutreacheffortstoincreaserecyclingrates,and periodichouseholdhazardouswastecollectioneventsineachBorough.

REFUSEDISPOSALPROGRAM

RefusecollectedbyDSNYfordisposalutilizespublicandprivatetransferfacilities,railorbargetrans port,andlongtermcontractsfortransportanddisposal.TheSWMPincludesthefollowing: AcontractforcontainerizationandrailexportofDSNYmanagedrefusetoaVirginialandfill. AcontractforexportofDSNYmanagedMSWfromStatenIslandinsealedcontainersbyrail. A contract for transfer of DSNYmanaged refuse from Brooklyn for containerized rail trans porttoalandfillinVirginia. AplannedcontractfortransferofDSNYmanagedrefusefromQueensforrailtransporttoa landfillinVirginia. AplannedcontracttocontinuethedisposalofaportionofDSNYmanagedrefusefromthe westsideofManhattanatafacilityinNewark,NewJersey. PlanstoconstructfourDSNYwaterfrontmarinetransferstations(MTSs)thatwouldplace refuseinsealedshippingcontainersforbargeexporttodisposalfacilities. PlannedcontractswithvendorstotransportanddisposeofbargedwastefromtheMTSfacil itiesatremotelandfills.

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PendingimplementationofplannedlongtermcontractsandMTSconstructionandcommis sioning,refusewouldcontinuetobemanagedundershorttermcontractswithtransfersta tionvendorsinthecityandregion.

SOLID WASTE AND SANITATION SERVICES

COMMERCIALWASTE

With respect to commercial waste, the SWMP provides the capacity for barge export of certain amountsofcommercialrefusefromthefourconvertedDSNYMTSs,providesforbargeexportofcon structionanddemolitionwastefromtheexistingDSNYMTSatWest59thStreetinManhattan,and requiresrailexportofcommercialrefusefromthethreeprivatetransferstationsthatalsocontractto takeDSNYrefuse.ThePlanalsoincludesmorestringentrestrictionsonthesitingandoperationof commercialsolidwastetransferstations.

200.DETERMININGWHETHERASOLIDWASTEANDSANITATIONSERVICESASSESSMENTISAPPROPRIATE
A solid waste assessment determines whether a proposed project would cause a substantial increase in solid waste productionthatwouldoverburdenavailablewastemanagementcapacityorotherwisebeinconsistentwiththeSWMP orwithstatepolicyrelatedtotheCitysintegratedsolidwastemanagementsystem.Fewprojectshavethepotential togeneratesubstantialamountsofsolidwaste(50tonsperweekormore)and,therefore,wouldnotresultinasignifi cantadverseimpact.However,itisrecommendedthatthesolidwasteandservicedemand(ifrelevant)generatedbya projectbedisclosed,basedonanestimateusingTable141.Itispossiblethatanunusuallylargeprojectoraproject involving a use with unusual waste generation characteristics may increase a component of the City's waste stream beyondtheprojectionsforthatcomponentintheSWMPand,therefore,furtheranalysisshouldbeconducted. Wasteswithspecialcharacteristics,suchasregulatedmedicalwastes,aresubjecttospecifichandlinganddisposalreg ulations.Compliancewithapplicablerequirementsgenerallyeliminatespossiblesignificantadverseimpacts.
PRELIMINARYCAPACITYANALYSIS

ThecapacityoftheCityssolidwastemanagementsystemgenerallyconsistsofcartingcapacityandtrans fer/disposalcapacity.TheSWMPestimatesthatapproximately50,000tonsperday(tpd)ofpublicandpri vate sector solid wastes (exclusive of dredge spoils and biosolids) are generated in the City. As of 2009, there is authorized processing capacity within the City of approximately 20,697 tpd for putrescible solid waste,23,970tpdformixedconstructionanddemolitiondebris,and784,312cubicyardsofstoragecapaci tyforfillmaterial,aswellasadditionalwastetransferprocessinganddisposalcapacityoutsidethecity,but within the metropolitan region. Sufficient capacity is required to meet demand on peak days, since the waste flow quantity fluctuates by day of the week, season and economic cycle. While there is currently excessnonputresciblewastetransfercapacityintheCity,thereisnotsufficientcapacityatthepermitted putrescibletransferstationstohandlepeakdaysforthecombinedDSNYmanagedandcommercialcarter managedputresciblewastestreams.Thereis,however,sufficientcapacitywithintheregion,togetherwith incitycapacity,toaccommodatethetransferofallcityoriginrefuse. DSNYhasover2000wastecollectiontrucksinitsfleet.ThecapacityofDSNYscollectiontruckfleetand thatofthemorethan100privatecarterslicensedtoserveNewYorkCityissufficientlyflexibletoaccom modate increased demand for waste and recyclables collection generated by most proposed projects as needed. Inviewoftheforegoing,ifaprojectsgenerationofsolidwasteintheWithActionconditionwouldnotex ceed 50 tons per week, it may be assumed that there would be sufficient public or private carting and transferstationcapacityinthemetropolitanareatoabsorbtheincrement,andfurtheranalysisgenerally wouldnotberequired.However,itisrecommendedthatthesolidwasteandservicedemand(ifrelevant) tobegeneratedbyaprojectbedisclosed,usingthecitywideaverageratesforwastegeneration(Table14 1)tomakethisdetermination.AsnotedinSection311below,anywastemanagementfeaturestobein cludedintheprojectshouldalsobedisclosed.

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Ifaprojectwouldresultinthedevelopmentofmorethaneither500residentialunitsor100,000square feetofcommercialspace,theproposedlocationandmethodofstorageofrefuseandrecyclablespriorto collection should be disclosed. In addition, if the use of compactors, dumpsters and/or roll on/roll off refusecontainersareproposedtoavoidlargepilesofbagswithrefuseonthesidewalkorbuildingperime terawaitingcollection,theyshouldalsobediscussed.Ifrefusesetoutforcollectionwouldconsistoflarge pilesofbagswithrefuseand/orrecyclables,theapplicantshouldalsodiscusstheexpectedlocation,square footage,volumeanddurationofsuchpiles,andtheireffectsupontraffic,pedestrians,publichealth,and communitycharacter.
SYSTEMWIDEIMPACTANDCONSISTENCYWITHSOLIDWASTEMANAGEMENTPLAN

SOLID WASTE AND SANITATION SERVICES

Regardless of the amount of solid waste generated by a proposed project, a more detailed discussion is warrantediftheprojectinvolvestheconstruction,operation,orclosingofanytypeofregulatedsolidwaste management facility, DSNY district garage, or borough repair shop, or if it would involve a regulatory change to public or private waste collection, processing, recycling, or disposal activity. Such a project shouldbeanalyzedforitsquantitativeimpacttothesolidwastemanagementsystem,aswellasforitscon sistencywiththegoalsandelementsoftheSWMP. Asnotedabove,theCity'sSWMPdevelopsgoalsforthemanagementofthecomponentsofthewastegen eratedinthecityandidentifiesproceduresandfacilitiesthatmayberequiredtomeetthosegoals.The Plan includes timetables for the phased implementations of its recommendations. Examples of projects that maydirectlyaffecttheCitys currentand plannedintegratedsystemofsolidwaste managementin clude,butarenotlimitedto: Projectsthatwouldcloseorprecludeplanneddevelopmentofoneormoremajorfacilitiesidenti fiedintheSWMPtoprocesswastegeneratedwithintheCity(e.g.,closureofacitymarinetrans ferstationorapermitted transferstationthatisonlongtermcontractwith theCity toprocess wastefromoneormorecommunitydistrictsservedbyDSNY). Projectsthatwouldresultinthegenerationofsolidwasteinquantitiesthatmayexceedtheavail ablesolidwastemanagementcapacityintheCityorregion(e.g.,amultiyearharbordeepening projectrequiringlanddisposalofhundredsofthousandsofcubicyardsofdredgespoils). Regulatorychangesaffectingthegenerationormanagementofthecity'swaste. ProjectscausingthedislocationofaDSNYdistrictgaragefacilityoraboroughrepairshop.

Itshouldbenotedthatiftheprojectinvolvesanewsolidwastemanagementfacility,suchasanincinerator or autoclave, impact analyses of other technical areas (air, traffic, noise, etc.) may also be appropriate. OtherchaptersoftheManualprovideguidancefordeterminingtheappropriatelevelofreviewforeachof theseareas.

300.ASSESSMENTMETHODS
310.ANALYSISTECHNIQUES Anassessmentofpotentialsolidwasteimpactsforprojectsthatwouldgeneratesolidwasteconsistsofdescribing the waste management features of the project and quantifying the incremental quantities of waste that the projectwouldgenerate.Theassessmentofmedicalfacilitiesissomewhatdifferent,asdescribedbelow. 311.ProjectsthatWouldGenerateSolidWaste Theamountofwastethataprojectwouldgenerateshouldfirstbedetermined.Formostprojects,thecity wideaverageratesforwastegenerationusedintheSWMPmaybeusedtomakethisdetermination.These ratesareprovidedinTable141.

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Projectswithadditionalwastemanagementfeatures,however,maygeneratelesssolidwastethanindicated inthetable.Featuresthatminimizewaste,beyondthoserequiredbylaw,shouldbeidentified.Examplesin cludethefollowing: Installationofsuchequipmentasairdryersinpubliclavatories. Provisionsforonsitecomposting. Provisionsformaterialstoragetoallowuseofbulkpackagedsupplies(thiswouldminimizetheuseof packaging). Installationofkitchengarbagedisposalunitsandcompactors. Useofdoublesidedphotocopying. Useofelectronicmail(ratherthancommunicationonpaper). Developingprovisionsforthereturnofpackagingtothemanufacturer/supplier. Installationofbottlelesswatercoolersorotheralternativestoplasticbottledwater. Project features that enhance recycling (i.e., those that facilitate the separation, storage, collection, processing,ormarketingofrecyclables)beyondthatrequiredbylawshouldbeidentified.Thesemayinclude, forexample,onsitemeasurestoprocessyardwasteand/orfoodwasteintocompostand/orbiogas.Project featurestofacilitatewastecollection,suchasprovisionsforcontainerizedcollectionorspecialwastechutes tocentralcollectionareaswithwaste compactors(asatRooseveltIsland)shouldalsobeidentified.Atthe sametime,anyaspectsoftheprojectthatmaymakerecyclingdifficult,impedewastecollection,orresultin thegenerationofhighlevelsofsolidwaste,suchastheconstructionofatunnel,shaft,orverylargebuilding foundationgeneratinghundredsoftruckloadsoffillmaterial,shouldbeidentifiedanddiscussed.

SOLID WASTE AND SANITATION SERVICES

Table141 SolidWasteGenerationRates
Use
Residential Individual Household Institutional PublicElementarySchool PublicIntermediateSchool PublicHighSchool PrivateSchool(K8) PrivateSchool(612) College Hospital GovernmentOffice CorrectionalFacility Commercial OfficeBuildings SingleOffices Wholesale GeneralRetail Restaurants FastFood FoodStores Hotels Industrial ApparelandTextileManufacturing Printing/Publishing
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Rate(poundsperweek)
17 41

3perpupil 4perpupil 2perpupil 1perpupil 4perpupil 1perpupil 51perbed 0.03persquarefoot 13perinmate

13peremployee 9peremployee 66peremployee 79peremployee 251peremployee 200peremployee 284peremployee 75peremployee

125peremployee 240peremployee

Source:NewYorkCityDepartmentofSanitation

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312.DetailedSolidWasteGenerationAnalysis If the proposed project would lead to substantial new development (e.g., Hunters Point South or Atlantic Yards)resultinginatleast50tons(100,000pounds)ofsolidwastegeneratedperweek,itmaybeappropriate toassesswhetheradditionaltrucksorothersanitationserviceswouldberequired.Althoughtheadditional trucksorserviceswouldnotnecessarilyinandofthemselvesconstitutesolidwasteorserviceimpacts,thein formationmaybeappropriateforuseinothertechnicalanalyses,suchastraffic,airquality,andnoise.The typicalDSNYcollectiontruckforresidentialrefuse(25cubicyards)carriesapproximately12.5tonsofwaste material (8 tons for containerized collections). Recycling trucks carry about 11.5 tons of paper or approx imately10.0tonsofmetal,glassandplasticcontainers.DSNYdieselcollectiontrucksarerequiredbyLocal Law39of2005[24Admin.Code163.4]tobeequippedwithBestAvailableRetrofitTechnology(BART)suchas dieselparticulatefiltersortomeet2007U.S.EPAmodelyearstandardstominimizevehicularemissionsto theair.Commercialcarterstypicallycarrybetween12and15tonsofwastematerialpertruck.Privatecarter dieseltrucksandnonroaddieselequipmentusedinthefulfillmentofsolidwasteandrecyclingcontractswith theCityofNewYorkandusedprimarilywithinNewYorkCityarealsosubjecttoamandatetophaseinuseof BARTtolimitemissions,pursuanttoLocalLaw40of2005.ContactDSNYforinformationoncollectiontruck routesandcapacities,streetsweepersandotherequipment. 313.RegulatedMedicalWaste Theassessmentconsidershowregulatedmedicalwasteswouldbehandledanddisposedtoensurethatthese procedureswouldcomplywiththeappropriateregulations.Withalargewastegenerator,itmaybeappro priatetoestimateadditionaltrucktrips,asdiscussedabove.Thenumberoftrucktripsassociatedwiththe newfacilitymaybeobtainedfromthecarrier.

SOLID WASTE AND SANITATION SERVICES

320.CONSISTENCYWITHTHECITYSSOLIDWASTEMANAGEMENTPLAN ForaprojectidentifiedinSection200aswarrantingamoredetailedanalysis,eitherbecauseofthelargequantity ofwastethatitwouldgenerateoritspotentialimpactuponthecityssolidwastemanagementsystem,theanaly sisshouldincludeaconsiderationoftheprojectsconsistencywiththeCity'sSWMP.Theleadagencyshouldre viewthesummaryoftheSWMPdescribedabove,andifmoredetailisneeded,consulttheSWMPitself.There viewshouldconsiderwhethertheproposedprojectwouldmateriallyconflictwiththefollowing: Adherence to the hierarchy of preferred solid waste management, which places waste prevention first, followed by reuse, recycling, or composting, deriving energy from nonrecyclable waste in an environ mentallyacceptableway,anddisposalbylandfilling. ImplementationoftheNewYorkCityRecyclingLaw(LocalLaw19of1989),asamended. AnyelementoftheSWMP,includingasignificantdelayinachievingoneormoremilestonesidentifiedin theSWMP.

400.DETERMININGIMPACTSIGNIFICANCE
BecauseofthelargesizeoftheCityspublicandprivaterefuseandrecyclablescollectionfleets,thecapacityofthelo calandregionaltransferstationsandrelatedaccesstoMRFsanddisposalfacilities,andthefactthatsolidwasteoften movesininterstatecommerce,anygivenprojectswastegenerationwouldnotlikelybesignificantrelativetothetotal citywideandregionwidesystem.Significantimpactsmayoccur,however,forprojectsthatgeneratelargequantities ofsolidwasteoveramultiyearperiod,suchasariverorharbordredgingproject,thatexceedlocalandregionaldispos alorprocessingcapacity. Theclosureordislocationofasubstantial,activeelementoftheCityscurrentintegratedsolidwastemanagementsys temwithoutidentifyingsubstitutecapacitywithintheregionmayalsosignificantlyimpactthecityssolidwastesystem. Inweighingsucheffects,aprojectresultinginclosureofatransferstationfacilityunderlongtermcontractwiththe Citywouldbemoresignificantthanclosureofafacilityunderashorttermcitycontract.
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AregulatoryactionthatmateriallyconflictswiththeadoptedSWMPoralawthatbanssolidwastetransferstations couldlikewisesignificantlyandadverselyimpactthecityssolidwastesystem.Aproposedmodificationtothecitys SWMPshouldbeevaluatedforsubstantialconflictwithstatepolicyonsolidwastemanagementandfortheprojects potentialtooverburdenthecapacityofthecitysintegratedsolidwastemanagementsystemwithinthenextfiveyears, includingbutnotlimitedtodisposalcapacityreasonablyavailabletothecityviatruck,bargeorrail.Minormodifica tionstotheSWMPthatdonotoverburdenorreduceexistingsystemcapacityforexampleadjustmentstotheSWMP implementationschedule,designatingadditionalrecyclablesthathaveamarket,specialcollectionsofhouseholdha zardouswasteforseparatedisposaltoprotecttheenvironment,orchangesinwastetransportordisposaltechnology to reduce greenhouse gas emissionswould generally not be considered significantly adverse to the citys system of solidwastemanagement.Inaddition,aprojectthatcausessubstantialexcavationintoaclosed,regulatedcitylandfill maybeconsideredasignificantimpacttothatsolidwastefacility.

SOLID WASTE AND SANITATION SERVICES

500.DEVELOPINGMITIGATION
Forsignificantimpactsduetothequantityofwastegenerated,mitigationmeasuresmayincludeminimizingwasteat thepointofgeneration,increasingtheamountofwastethatmayberecycledorbeneficiallyreused,orincreasingthe capacityofthelocalwastemanagementinfrastructurethatwouldbeoverburdenedbytheproject.Forsignificantim pactsresultingfromtheprojectsconflictwiththecurrentsolidwastemanagementsystemorwiththeSWMP,mitiga tionmeasuresmayincludestepstominimizethespecificconflict.Forexample,iftheprojectwouldcausetheclosure of a major DSNY transfer station facility, mitigation may involve proposing alternative capacity or technology to ac commodatesuchwaste.

600.DEVELOPINGALTERNATIVES
ManyofthemitigationmeasuresdescribedinSection500mayalsoserveasalternatives.Ifaproposedproject,suchas arezoningandredevelopmentplan,wouldcauseanimpactduetotheclosureofafacilityrelieduponforthecurrent orproposedintegratedsolidwastemanagementsystemoraDSNYdistrictgarage,analternativethatwouldresultina lesser impact should be considered. This may include modification to proposed zoning amendments, or a modified projectdesignthatincorporatesthewastemanagementfacilityorDSNYGarageuseonsiteorelsewhere.

700.REGULATIONSANDCOORDINATION
710.REGULATIONSANDSTANDARDS
SOLIDWASTEMANAGEMENTPLANNING

NewYorkStateSolidWasteManagementActof1988,codifiedatArticle27,Title1oftheNew YorkStateEnvironmentalConservationLaw(ECL).ThislawprovidesforthepreparationofNew York City's Solid Waste Management Plan. Also see the regulations at Title 6 of the New York Codes,RulesandRegulations(6NYCRR)Part360,Subpart15,ComprehensiveSolidWasteMan agementPlanning. CityofNewYorkComprehensiveSolidWasteManagementPlan(2006) SolidwastemanagementfacilitiesinNewYorkStatearegovernedbyTitle7ofArticle27ofthe ECLand6NYCRRPart360. ECLSection270706isthestatutethatrequiredtheFreshKillsLandfilltocloseandbarstheis suanceofapermitbytheNYSDECfortheproposedBrooklynNavyYardWastetoEnergyFacility. Also see the Fresh Kills Order on Consent between the NYSDEC and DSNY, Modification No. 7, datedApril27,2000,providingforthelandfillsclosure. StipulationandOrderintheMatterofTheCityofNewYorkv.TheNewYorkStateDepartmentof EnvironmentalConservationfiledApril20,1992intheSupremeCourtofNewYork,AlbanyCoun ty,IndexNo.7218/91(stipulatedthatNYSDECandDSNYshallactascoleadagenciesandcon
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ductacoordinatedSEQRAreviewforallnewfacilitiesproposedintransferstationpermitappli cationsforwhichbothNYSDECandDSNYissuesuchtransferstationpermits). NewYorkCityLocalLaw40of1990,codifiedatSection16130etseq.oftheAdministrativeCode oftheCityofNewYork,governstransferstationswithinNewYorkCity.DSNYhaspromulgated three sets of regulations pursuant to authority granted in this statute. They are codified at 16 Rules of the City of New York (RCNY), Chapter 4. Subchapter A governs NonPutrescible Solid Waste Transfer Stations; Subchapter B governs Putrescible Solid Waste Transfer Stations; and Subchapter C governs the Siting, Hours of Operation, Engineering Reports, and Transportation PlansforSolidWasteTransferStations. Local Law 39 of 1989 amends Sections 24102, 24104 (18) and 24117 of the Administrative CodeoftheCityofNewYorkinconnectionwiththeoperationofprivateincinerators. NewYorkCityZoningResolution.TheZoningResolutionalsoregulatesthesitingandoperation ofwastemanagementfacilitiesinNewYorkCity. NewYorkCityRecyclingLaw,LocalLaw19of1989,codifiedatSection16301etseq.oftheAd ministrativeCodeoftheCityofNewYork.AlsoseerulespromulgatedbyDSNYat16RCNY1 08110.Thislawandtherulesrequirehouseholdsandgeneratorsofprivatecartercollected wastetosourceseparatedesignatedmaterialsinspecifiedmanners.Thelawandrulesalsore quirerecyclingbyCityagenciesandotherinstitutions. UnderECL271501etseq.and6NYCRRPart36010,theNYSDECregulatesthestorage,trans fer,anddisposalofregulatedmedicalwaste.Amongotherthings,ECL271504providesfora mandatoryregulatedmedicalwastetrackingprogram. The NYSDEC regulates Regulated Medical Waste Treatment Facilities off the site of the facility producingthewasteunder6NYCRRPart36017. RegulatedMedicalWasteisdefinedasanysolidwastegeneratedinthediagnosis,treatmentor immunizationofhumanbeingsoranimals,inresearchpertainingthereto,orintheproductionor testing of biologicals including cultures of infectious agents, human pathological wastes, liquid wastehumanbloodandbloodproducts,sharpsincludinghypodermicneedles,contaminatedan imalcarcasses,wastesfromsurgeryorautopsy,laboratorywastesfromresearch,dialysiswastes, andbiologicalwastesfromhumansoranimalsisolatedtoprotectothers.See6NYCRRPart360 17.2(h)forthecompletedefinitionandexemptionsandexclusions. NYSDOHregulatesthegeneration,treatment,anddisposalofregulatedmedicalwasteunderAr ticle13,TitleXIIIofthePublicHealthLaw(PHL1389aaetseq.) Section16120.1oftheAdministrativeCodeoftheCityofNewYork.Whilelocalregulationof regulatedmedicalwastetransportationislargelypreemptedby Statelaw,thissectionrequires generatorsofregulatedmedicalwastetofileasolidwasteremovalplanwithDSNY.Generators of50poundsormorepermonthofregulatedmedicalwastemustfileannualupdates.Seealso 16RCNY,Chapter11. Itemsthatmaycausepuncturesorcutsthatareusedinthecourseofhomehealthcare,suchas intravenous tubing and syringes with needles attached, and are disposed with residential solid waste,mustbeplacedinpunctureresistantcontainerspriortodisposal.See16RCNY104.

SOLID WASTE AND SANITATION SERVICES

RECYCLING

REGULATEDMEDICALWASTE

720.APPLICABLECOORDINATION CoordinationwithDSNYforsolidwasteassessmentconcernsisrecommended.
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SOLID WASTE AND SANITATION SERVICES

730.LOCATIONOFINFORMATION The city's SWMP contains relevant data on existing conditions, existing and proposed solid waste management systems,andresidentialandcommercialwastegenerationprojections.OtherinformationoncurrentDSNYopera tionsmaybeobtainedbycontactingtheDepartment'sBureauofLegalAffairs.
NewYorkCityDepartmentofSanitation 125WorthStreet NewYork,NY10013 www.nyc.gov/sanitation

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