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ABB

AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR AVR100S OPERATION, USE AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS

ES950609

Issue/Revision Issued on 07/29/95

Issued by: A. Pitacco

Viewed/checked by: G. Singuaroli

ABB Industria SpA

Table of Contents 1. 2. 3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 4. 4.1 4.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.2.5 4.2.6 4.2.7 4.2.8 4.3 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 4.3.4 4.3.5 4.3.6 4.3.7 4.3.8 4.3.9 4.3.10 4.3.11 4.3.12 4.3.13 4.3.14 4.3.15 4.3.16 5. 5.1 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.1.4 5.1.5 5.1.6 6. 7. 7.1 General Features of the AVR100S System Composition of the Equipment Power Unit Chopper Stage Field Contactor and Discharge Resistance Short Circuit Holding Pre-excitation Circuit Regulation Regulation Configuration Description of the Automatic Regulators Functions AD/DC Power Supply to the ALI1 Automatic Channel Voltage Regulator and Stabilizer Manual Regulator Static Reference Machine Voltage Conversion and Compound Overexcitation Limit Underexcitation Limit Automatic/Manual Tracking Device and vice versa Optional Functions Constant Power Factor Operation Regulation at Constant Power Voltage Equalizing Reaction Power Zero Setting Gradual Energization of the Generator and/or the Mains Volt/Hertz Limit Electromechanical Oscillation Stabilizer Start at Constant Current Pre-excitation Circuit Negative Ceiling Device Stator Current Limit DC/DC Power Supply to the ALI2 Manual Channel Computer Static Reference Control Computer cos Reference Control Overexcitation Limit in P/Q and Excitation Current Second Step for Excitation Current Limit Logics and Protections Description of the Protections Maximum Internal Current Protection Regulators Maximum Ceiling Time Protection Chopper Failure Protection Short Circuit Protection and Rotating Diode Opening Maximum External Current Protection Rotors Earth Protection Measures and Signals Structure Configuration of the Regulator

8. 8.1 9. 9.1 9.2 10. 11. 11.1 11.2 12. 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 13. 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 14. 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.4.1 14.4.2 14.4.3 14.4.4 14.4.5 14.4.6 14.5 14.5.1 14.5.2 14.5.3 14.5.4 14.5.5 14.5.6 15. 15.1 15.2 15.3

Electrical Features Chopper Stage Spare Parts Spare Parts for Loose Rack Spare Parts for Board Supplies Block Diagrams Drawings of the Overall Dimensions Overall Drawing of the 19 Rack Overall Drawing of the Standard Board General Installation Procedure Safety Preliminary Controls Initial Test with the Machine turned off Inspections and Tests with no Load Inspections and Tests in Parallel Description of Signals and Alarms Button Signals Panel Signals Signals available on Input Interface Signals available on Output Interface Regulation Rack Regulators Configuration Power Supplies Configuration Choppers Configuration Regulators Cards VCRR Card VCR Card RCOS Card PLT Card PLT* Card RCI Card Card Setting Procedure VCRR Card VCR Card RCOS Card PLT Card PLT* Card RCI Card Back Panel Presettings on the Back Panel Back Panel Settings Terminal-Board Potentiometers

1.

General Features of the AVR100S System

The main function of the regulator consists in energizing with continuous voltage the field winding of coaxial exciting dynamos or those of Brushless generators for synchronous machines. The electrical output must be guaranteed in different operation modes: loadless, with load and also during transient mains voltage states (e.g. short circuits). The AVR100S system can be functionally divided into three basic units: POWER SUPPLY, POWER, REGULATION. Auxiliary logic, protection, measurement and signaling functions are also necessary. The POWER SUPPLY is necessary for the correct operation of the internal logic. The POWER unit is considered to be the actuator for the transfer of energy to the exciters field. The REGULATION function is necessary in order to control the correct energy output to the exciter operating under working conditions. Such control is carried out through a series of main functions that can be briefly summed up as follows: Regulating the voltage to the machines terminals and, when supplying voltage in a net, regulating the reactive power rate. Guaranteeing the maintenance of optimum conditions (stability) of energy supply in the net. Bringing the machine as fast as possible back to the operating conditions prior to the occurrence of disturbances. Keeping the alternator within the foreseen operating field (capability). Guaranteeing the integrity of both the machine and the exciting system under extreme conditions (shutdown or stop). In order to suit the different system needs, the AVR100S regulator is available in the following versions: AVR100S-A: Automatic voltage regulator and manual current regulator, potentiometric type, to be used exclusively in the testing phase. Both a double power supply and a double chopper can be implemented in order to make the system completely redundant. AVR100S-B: Automatic voltage regulator and manual current regulator (to be used in the testing phase and/or in case of failure of the automatic regulator) with tracking circuit. Both a double power supply and a double chopper can be implemented in order to make the system completely redundant. AVR100S-C:Automatic voltage regulator and manual current regulator totally independent (both in terms of power supply and of chopper) with tracking circuit. The power unit - usually made up of a single chopper - can be configured with two redundant choppers with priority logic (100% cold reserve). It is possible to have a chopper redundancy without regulation channel switchover.

AVR100S-D: Totally independent double automatic voltage regulator and tracking circuit. A manual potentiometric regulator is also available, to be used in the testing phase only. The power unit is usually made up of a single chopper for each channel. The channel switchover also entails the chopper switchover.

2.

Composition of the Equipment

The AVR100S regulator is composed of a 19 rack where Europe format cards, DC/DC converters (for energy supply) and the power actuators are inserted. The cards are equipped with a front part indicating testing points, setting elements and diagnosis LEDs. The cards are inserted on a back panel by means of a connector. External connections are achieved through a terminal board located in the back part of the back panel. The AVR100S regulator can be supplied also in the form of a board, therefore equipped with exciting transformer, control and signal logics obtained by means of suitable relays and measuring devices. Overall dimensions of the rack:........................................................................... 84 [TE] Overall dimensions of the board:............................................834x834x2200 [mm] 3. Power Unit 19 standard

The power unit is composed of: IGBT (inside the rack) chopper stage The power unit can be made redundant through a suitable connection logic so as to guarantee the operation continuity also in case a chopper fails. In such a case an automatic switchover of the power unit takes place and this unit is isolated thanks to a suitable contactor. The power unit is made up of two choppers even when a complete separation of the channel is required. 3.1 Chopper Stage

The input voltage at the final actuation stage comes from a diode bridge that turns the alternate voltage of the supply source into a continuous nonstabilized voltage. The chopper stage shuts this continuous voltage so as to supply the field with the suitable mean value of exciting voltage. The control signal 010 [V]DC from the regulation unit is directly sent to the chopper stage. The latter is made up of an IGBT switch with suitable regulation and control - in double Europe format - enclosed in a suitable metal protection and support box. The chopper is inserted in the same 19 rack as the regulation. A maximum of 2 choppers can be mounted in the same rack. 3.2 Field Contactor and Discharge Resistance

Due to operation factors or shutdown causes, for the operation of a synchronous machine it is necessary to guarantee the rapid interruption of field supply as well as the discharge of the accumulated magnetic energy. In the chopper stage solution an electromechanical contactor is connected which, while opening the supply circuit, at the same time inserts a discharge resistance parallel to the winding. It is also possible to install a device for the

application of the negative ceiling function so as to accelerate the drop-out phase of the machine both in case of emergency and upon load disconnection and/or sudden decrease in the excitation current.

3.3

Short Circuit Holding

When the excitation system is derived from a transformer that is energized by the machine standard, the generator cannot energize any type of short circuit as its output voltage decreases and therefore the excitation system cannot maintain suitable field current features. It is often necessary to hold the failure for a relatively long time so as to allow for a selective operation of the protection devices. At present the available protection devices (maximum current with voltage control) ensure a suitable protection of the generator together with a high selectivity of the system protections. In the case of short circuits downstream the boosting transformer, the overcurrent protection intervenes in the time range of 0,20,3 [s]. In these cases it is useless to implement an auxiliary source as the residual voltage of the generator after 0,20,3 [s] is still enough to suitably keep the chopper stage energized. In case of failure downstream the boosting transformer with other interposed reactors (e.g. transformers energizing different loads), a longer time may be needed as the voltage drop is even smaller. Therefore, the short circuit holding is generally ensured for the operating time of the normal protection devices thanks to the rapid response of the exciter. Where a longer short circuit holding is required, it is necessary to implement an auxiliary source. In the configurations where the energization is derived from the machine standard, a back-up battery or another auxiliary source can be used to guarantee - within the voltage limits of the battery itself - enough excitation voltage or field current to allow the generator to maintain such operating conditions as to guarantee the operation of the protection devices. In the configuration with energization from the machine standard the machine voltage might decrease to a value that is no longer sufficient to guarantee a suitable supply voltage to the chopper in the failure phase. 3.4 Pre-excitation Circuit

In order to allow for the system self-excitation - when the system is energized by the machine standard - it is necessary to have - for a short time (310 [s]) an auxiliary excitation source available (usually the central battery or a threephase or single-phase supply system through matching transformer and diode rectifying bridge). An electronic logic provides for the machine excitation through the connection of the pre-excitation circuit and for the automatic switch-off when the alternator voltage reaches a value of approximately 70% VMN. If within a given period of time the system does not get self-excited, the excitation shut-down command is sent. The value of the current and of the time that are necessary for pre-excitation are established according to the features of the machine and are communicated in order to allow for a correct cable and battery sizing.

4.

Regulation

The regulations aim consists in maintaining the generators voltage within the values required by the operating conditions of the machine. Changes in the excitation current are obtained by intervening on the output continuous voltage or by acting on the duty cycle of the final chopper stage. The feedback signals that allow the regulation to work are gathered by means of two V-connected Tvs (Vg/100-120 [V] - min. 20 [VA] and of two machine TAs (Ig/5-1 [A] - min. 10 [VA]) (R and T phases). Suitable field signal de-coupling transformers are already implemented in the same regulation rack. 4.1 Regulation Configuration

The AVR100S regulator is equipped with automatic voltage regulation which when the operating conditions vary - keeps the machine voltage value equal to the pre-set value. The AVR100S regulator is available in four different regulation configurations classified as follows: AVR100S-A: Automatic voltage regulator and manual current regulator, potentiometric type, to be used exclusively in

the testing phase. The main elements of the regulation rings are: - automatic regulator: * Voltage regulator and stabilizer * Static voltage reference * Voltage transducer and compound * Overexcitation limit * Underexcitation limit * P and Q conversion * Maximum current protection * Excitation current conversion - manual regulator: * reference signal through a multiple revolution potentiometer that can be manually controlled on the front board. * Current regulator * Maximum current regulator The control signal to the chopper of the two channels gathers in a single route. AVR100S-B: Automatic voltage regulator and manual current regulator (to be used in the testing phase and/or in case of failure of the automatic regulator). The main elements of the regulation rings are: - automatic regulator:

* Voltage regulator and stabilizer * Static voltage reference * Voltage transducer and compound * Overexcitation limit * Underexcitation limit * P and Q conversion * Maximum current protection * Excitation current conversion - manual regulator: * Static current reference * Current regulator * Maximum current protection In the case of the single-chopper configuration, the control signal to the chopper is sent on a single route. The signal can be sent through two separate choppers if the power unit is to be made redundant. A suitable tracking circuit between the two regulators guarantees the switchover between the two without any disturbance to the system. AVR100S-C: Totally independent automatic voltage regulator and manual current regulator (both in terms of current supply and of chopper) with tracking circuit. The power unit - usually made up of a single chopper - can be configured with two redundant choppers with priority logic (100% cold reserve). Also the power supply systems are independent: one for each channel is foreseen in order to allow to service the system while operating. It is also possible to have a totally independent excitation current conversion system: a transducer for each channel. The main elements of the regulation rings are: - automatic regulator: * Voltage regulator and stabilizer * Static voltage reference * Voltage transducer and compound * Overexcitation limit * Underexcitation limit * P and Q conversion * Maximum current protection * Excitation current conversion - manual regulator: * Static current reference * Current regulator * Maximum current protection A suitable tracking system between the two regulators guarantees the switchover between the two without any disturbance to the system.

AVR100S-D: Totally independent double automatic voltage regulator (master and server). A manual potentiometric regulator is also available, to be used in the testing phase only. The power unit of the single channel is usually made up of a single chopper. The main elements of each automatic regulation ring are: - automatic regulator: * Voltage regulator and stabilizer * Static voltage reference * Voltage transducer and compound * Overexcitation limit * Underexcitation limit * Maximum current protection * Excitation current conversion A suitable tracking system between the two regulators guarantees the switchover between the two without any disturbance to the system.

4.2

Description of the Automatic Regulators Functions

4.2.1 AD/DC Power Supply to the ALI1 Automatic Channel It is made up of a switching power supply with 110 [V]DC or 220 [V]DC input and +/- 24 [V]DC output for the energization of the automatic channel cards present in the rack and of the management and alarm cards. This power supply is also used for the manual channel if no separate and independent power supply systems are required (serviceability during operation). 4.2.2 Voltage Regulator and Stabilizer The conversions are carried out by means of Tvs and Tas. The transformers for machine and mains voltages 100-120/20 [V] are mounted directly on the back panel. The secondary of the machine currents gets to the terminal board of the back panel (TAs from 5A or 1 A of primary current can be used). For the excitation current a HALL-effect transducer (outside the rack) is used. It is connected to the regulator by means of flat cables. The voltage regulator receives the machine TV signals and amplifies the differences between the reference voltage and the mean of the threephase voltage to the generators terminals. Therefore, the output signal is an error signal proportional to the deviation between the required condition and the real operating conditions. On top of this, the regulator receives at its input a stabilization signal which is used to adjust the delays introduced by the machine time constants and by the regulation constants. The stabilization circuit allows to obtain a transfer function - set as an open ring - such as to guarantee - when the ring is closed - the stability of the system made up of the voltage regulator, the machine and the mains. The regulators time constants can be adjusted to those of the machine and of the mains so as to optimize the system performance. In the same card the different signals coming from the voltage regulator and from any limiting or optional (signal mixer) circuits are combined. The mixer is equipped with an adding circuit which adds the input signals and gives an output signal equaling the negative sum of the input values. 4.2.3 Manual Regulator The peculiarity of this configuration consists in the regulation of current and not of voltage. The value of the excitation current is set, which the regulator shall keep constant. This choice has been determined for the sake of simplicity and reliability in the circuit. The operating range goes from 0 to 100% of the nominal excitation current. In manual mode, the automatic regulator can be aligned with the aid of the increase and decrease buttons on the static reference, so as to avoid causing disturbances during the regulation channel switchover request phase. A synchronizing voltmeter on the outer panel of the exciter allows the operator to display the alignment status of the two circuits. In the AVR100S-B and AVR100S-C solutions this circuit is foreseen as a reserve for the automatic regulator and allows to avoid out of commission statuses of the generator in

case of failure of the regulator itself. A suitable tracking circuit between the two generators guarantees the switchover to manual mode without any disturbance to the system.

4.2.4 Static Reference The voltage static reference sends the voltage reference signal set through the increase-decrease command to the regulator. The regulation range varies from 80 to 110% of the machine nominal voltage. When used as reference for the manual regulation ring, the regulation range varies from 0 to 100% of the nominal excitation current. 4.2.5 Machine Voltage Conversion and Compound The purpose of this card consists in giving a signal proportional to the machine voltage that can be compared with the voltage set of the static reference. An adjustment action is also foreseen so as to modify the voltage signals of the generator by a value proportional to the machine reactive power. The adjustment range varies from 0 to 23% when operating as a generator and from 0 to -46% while operating as a motor. 4.2.6 Overexcitation Limit This device is used to limit the intensity and duration of rotor current overloads. The limit - by means of a suitable adjustment that allows to obtain an operation curve that follows the curve of limit performance under overexcitation (capability) - allows to avoid dangerous operations that might cause the intervention of the protection devices. The limit is easily adjusted to the capability curves through the adjustment of P and Q. The basic parameters are: - maximum value of reactive power - starting point of the sloping straight line - slope of the straight line The overexcitation limit can also be determined by controlling the excitation current. It is also possible to have both controls, a confirmation one and one in order to reach the maximum system reliability through the redundancy of the overexcitation limits. A possible external control for the insertion of the second-level limit allows to further reduce the excitation current limit of the machine to a pre-set level. 4.2.7 Underexcitation Limit The aim of this limit consists in keeping the excitation current - while operating in under-excitation mode - above the minimum values established by the capability curves. If the current goes below such limits, a dangerous overheating of the stator heads might occur due to the thickening of the dispersed fluxes, as well as the loss of synchronism. The limit - by means of a suitable setting that allows to obtain an operation curve that approximately follows the curve of limit performance under underexcitation - allows to avoid dangerous operations that might cause the intervention of the protection devices. The limit is easily adjusted to the capability curves through the adjustment of the following: - minimum value of reactive power - starting point of the sloping straight line

- slope of the straight line.

4.2.8 Tracking Device and vice versa (only for AVR100S-B, AVR100S-C and AVR100S-D configurations) The aim of the tracking consists in guaranteeing a switchover from automatic to manual regulation that does not cause any disturbance. The switchover from one type of regulation to the other is inhibited if the reference conditions and the position of the switch-on impulses are not identical. The opposite switchover from the manual to the automatic regulator occurs only upon the operators request who shall create the alignment conditions of the two circuits through the increase and decrease buttons of the automatic reference. A synchronizing voltmeter on the external panel of the exciter allows the operator to view the alignment status of the two circuits. In the AVR100S-D version an equivalent circuit guarantees the alignment between the two automatic regulators so as to allow for a switchover that does not cause any disturbance. 4.3 Optional Functions

The following optional functions may be implemented: - Cos regulator - Reactive power Q regulation - Machine voltage / mains voltage equalizing - Machine voltage (transformer output) / mains voltage equalizing - Static reference / mains voltage with remote choice equalizing - Equalizing with impulse or fixed command - Reactive power reset - Gradual energization of the generator - V/Hz limit and protection - Electromechanical oscillation stabilizer (PSS) - Start at constant current (2 levels) - Pre-excitation circuit - Negative ceiling device (outside the rack) - Stator current limit - DC/DC power supply to the manual channel - Computer control of the voltage static reference (420 mA) - Computer control of the cos reference (420 mA) - Overexcitation limit in P and Q and excitation current - Second step for the current limit with remote control. 4.3.1 Constant Power Factor Operation Some special applications require that the synchronous machine work with a constant power factor (cos = cost.) when both the mains voltage and the active supplied power (or absorbed power in the case of a synchronous motor) vary. Such device acts on the increase and decrease commands of the voltage reference and shifts the working point of the voltage regulator so as to keep the value of cos = constant. Such value can be set externally by means of a potentiometer. It is also possible to intervene on the cos reference by means of buttons or external remote controls. It is also possible

to set the reference through a computer signal (e.g. 420 mA) and to establish the operation range by means of a suitable setting (for example between 0.9 capacitive and 0.8 inductive). A signal in mA is available for measuring the set value of cos and Q. This instrument allows to display the value at which the regulator shall work before activating the function itself. 4.3.2 Regulation at Constant Power Some special applications require that the synchronous machine work with a constant reactive power (Q = cost.) when both the mains voltage and the active supplied power (or absorbed power in the case of a synchronous motor) vary. Such device acts on the increase and decrease commands of the voltage reference and shifts the working point of the voltage regulator so as to keep the value of Q = constant. Such value can be set externally by means of a potentiometer. It is also possible to intervene on this regulation by means of external controls or computer signals as in the case of the cos regulation. A signal in mA is available for measuring the set Q value. This instrument allows to display the value at which the regulator shall work before activating the function itself. 4.3.3 Voltage Equalizing This device facilitates the paralleling of the assembly. The circuit acts on the static reference of the automatic regulator so as to equalize the generators terminal voltage and the mains voltage. Once the equalizing has been completed, it gives an acknowledgment contact for the assemblys paralleling. The insertion of the quantities to be equalized can be controlled both locally and remotely: machine voltage with mains voltage or static reference with mains voltage. It is also possible to chose and control (locally or remotely) the equalizing of machine voltage and mains voltage or mains voltage and machine voltage downstream the boosting transformer. Therefore it is possible to equalize the mains voltage with two different points (for instance if a machine transformer with variable outlets is interposed) 4.3.4 Reaction Power Zero Setting This function is aimed at reducing the reactive power to zero in the phase of normal shutdown of the assembly so as to avoid useless stresses to the machine switch. It is usually automatically activated and controlled by the shutdown sequence of the assembly. It can only be activated in the automatic operation mode and when the 52G parallel switch is closed. This function is automatically disabled when the system is switched to the manual mode or when the parallel switch is opened. 4.3.5 Gradual Energization of the Generator and/or the Mains If the excitation system is energized by auxiliary services, due to the fact that the exciter is independent from the generators voltage, it is possible to gradually bring the generators terminal voltage from zero to the desired value thus avoiding a sudden excitation of the machine. To this purpose a ramp-like

increase is foreseen which can be automatically pre-set and activated and allows for a gradual increase of the generators terminal voltage with automatic inhibition when the established minimum value is reached. In case of a total blackout of the mains, this type of operation mode allows to gradually energize the mains with no dangerous transients.

4.3.6 Volt/Herz Limit Under special operation conditions the machine can be made to work with a frequency below the allowed range. In these cases the voltage regulation must be subordinated to the Volt/Herz regulation so as to avoid the creation of a flux of such dimensions that it might cause the magnetic circuit to be saturated and the stator pack to get overheated. 4.3.7 Electromechanical Oscillation Stabilizer The stabilization system is included in the automatic voltage regulation ring so as to improve the stability of the electromechanical ring of the synchronous machine. The stabilizing signal issued by the device is proportional to the changes in active power and frequency that are introduced by disturbances on the mains-generator system and is such as to oppose them. In order to avoid problems in the load disconnection conditions, the device is automatically switched off by a trigger circuit - with adjustable threshold when the value of active power supplied by the machine is lower than the preset value. 4.3.8 Start at Constant Current Two levels of remote connection current are available to control the start of the machine at constant current (for instance back to back start). 4.3.9 Pre-excitation Circuit (priming) This circuit is used to control the correct pre-excitation sequence and to signal any anomalies such as the absence of current or the exceeding of the maximum start time. The circuit connects and opens its own contactor. 4.3.10 Negative Ceiling Device (outside the rack) It can be connected in order to improve the response features of the regulator when load disconnections or sudden load variations occur. In this case the machine drop-out is accelerated through the temporary connection of a discharge resistance in series with the field which is normally short-circuited during the normal operation. 4.3.11 Stator Current Limit It is composed of a card inserted in the regulation rack. The generators currents are converted by the related card to determine the P and Q value and are rectified so as to get a continuous signal proportional to them. This signal is compared with a setting value. When such value is exceeded a compensation error signal is sent to the regulator. 4.3.12 DC/DC Power Supply to the ALI2 Manual Channel

It is composed of a switching power supply system with 110 [V]DC or 220 [V]DC input and +/- 24 [V]DC output for the energization of the manual channels card located in the rack. This power supply unit can thus be used when independence and separation of the power supply units are required (serviceability during operation).

4.3.13 Computer Static Reference Control The regulator is arranged in such a way as to be able to accept a 4-20 mA computer signal in order to vary the working set point. A tracking device inside the regulator allows to maintain alignment between the computer external signal and the internal set point. This way no changes in the switchover from remote to local control (internal reference) occur. Also in case of failure of the 4-20 mA control, the regulator automatically sets to the current value that is active at the time when the failure occurs so as to intervene with no disturbances. The 4-20 mA range can be set in the required range, for instance from 70% to 120% Vm. The limitation is anyway guaranteed upon reaching the pre-set maximum and minimum values over or below which no operation is allowed. 4.3.14 Computer cos Reference Control The regulator is arranged in such a way as to be able to accept a 4-20 mA computer signal in order to vary the working set point of the reactive power regulator. A tracking device inside the regulator allows to maintain alignment between the computer external signal and the internal set point. This way no changes in the switchover from remote to local control (internal reference) occur. Also in case of failure of the 4-20 mA control, the regulator automatically sets to the current value that is active at the time when the failure occurs so as to intervene with no disturbances. The 4-20 mA range can be set in the required range, for instance from 0.9 capacitive to 0.85 inductive. The limitation is anyway guaranteed upon reaching the pre-set maximum and minimum values over or below which no operation is allowed (+/- 0.7). 4.3.15 Overexcitation Limit in P/Q and in Excitation Current Normally, the regulator is set to operate so that the machine works inside the capability curves. This control is carried out through the processing of the P and Q values supplied by the machine. The overexcitation limit is executed by checking that such values do not exceed the allowed values. A further limit can be inserted that works by checking the excitation current value. When the first of the two values (P/Q or excitation current) is exceeded, the machine operates in limitation mode. This allows to have a further redundancy in the limit protection in overexcitation. 4.3.16 Second Step for Current Limit A remote command allows to vary the intervention point in the limitation mode operation of the machine (in the case of limitation through the excitation current control). Such variation can occur, for instance, upon a request due to the fact that the external temperature maximum point has been reached or through another control.

5.

Logics and Protections

The logics build up the part of the regulation that controls the regulators operations on the basis of the signals coming from the regulation itself and from a series of external commands and protections. A series of internal control circuits allow the logic to carry out a complete diagnostic check-up of the operation status of all devices according to a consistent sequence. Its function has a priority over all the other functions inside the regulation. Connected to it are the input-output interfaces of the exciter and - if foreseen the external signal and alarm panel. A series of protections (listed below) is also foreseen: a) Maximum internal current protection b) Regulators maximum ceiling time protection c) Chopper and power supply failure protection d) Short circuit protection and rotating diode opening (optional) e) Maximum external current protection (optional) f) Rotors earth protection (optional). 5.1 Description of the Protections

5.1.1 Maximum Internal Current Protection This protection ensures that the maximum value allowed by the rotor is not exceeded in case of failure - in the regulation - of the overexcitation limit. Its activation causes the shutdown of the excitation system. 5.1.2 Regulators Maximum Ceiling Time Protection A circuit for the supervision of the control signal to the chopper is foreseen. The amplitude of this signal ranges from 0 to 10 Vdc. The maximum signal value is reached at particular plant and load conditions: sudden loads, short circuits. If the signal remains at its maximum value for an excessively long time - such as to threaten the system integrity - the excitation shut-down or the channel switchover command (depending on the configuration) is sent. 5.1.3 Chopper Failure Protection The following values are controlled: - voltage value on the input side in the requested range - absence of short circuits on the output side - presence of control electronic voltage supply - overtemperature If anomalies in one of these values are detected an automatic switchover to the back-up chopper occurs or - if no back-up is foreseen - the system is shut down.

5.1.4 Short Circuit Protection and Rotating Diode Opening (optional) This protection is external to the rack that controls the excitation current profile. In case of opening of the rotating diodes a system alarm is sent while in case of short circuit the system is immediately shut down. 5.1.5 Maximum External Current Protection (optional) This is an immediate protection, inserted on the primary of the excitation transformer, that intervenes in case of failure (short circuit) in the transformer or in the power circuits of the exciter (interconnection cables, bars). When activated, the excitation system and the assembly are shut down. 5.1.6 Rotors Earth Protection (optional) If installed in the excitation system, it allows to eliminate the problems and risks posed by the need to send excitation voltage to the protection box usually located in the control room. Its purpose consists in signaling the loss of isolation in the rotors circuit. Only in rare cases is also a shutdown effect required.

6.

Measures and Signals

All the values that are necessary for the control of the correct operation of the excitation system are sent to the related instruments (mounted on the local panel) and to the remote station (control room) by means of suitable transducers that allow for a galvanic separation from the power circuits. The signals are sent in the standard ranges indicated below: Values impedance
Excitation current Excitation voltage Synchronizing voltmeter Power-factor meter Control voltage

Signal

Equal to

Max.
750 750 750 750 750

load

420 mA 420 mA 420 mA 420 mA 420 mA

01.25 len 01.5 Ven -100 / 0 / +100% -0.7 / +0.7 0 / +110%

Other signal values (05 [mA]; 15 [mA]; 020 [mA]) can be supplied upon the Customers request. The instrument for the indication of the machine voltage (VM) is also foreseen on the local panel. The excitation system is equipped with devices for the control of the correct function of the equipment. Such devices are also arranged for signaling any anomalies. The standard model has a summary signaling system of the anomaly and excitation system shutdown status equipped with a terminal switch clean contact. The failure search is facilitated by the numerous check points and LEDs present on the single logic and regulation cards. If so specifically requested by the Customer, a signal panel can be mounted on the front side of the board so as to display the operation, alarm and shutdown conditions. Each signaling and alarm point is coupled with a terminal switch clean contact. The signals and operation statuses foreseen in the highest system configuration are: Causes of Shutdown / Anomaly: - Maximum excitation current - Failure of the primary AC power supply - Voltage feedback anomaly - Anomaly of the DC power supply systems - Chopper failure - Maximum ceiling time - Untimely drop-out - Failed pre-excitation

- Short circuit of the rotating diodes (if foreseen) - Opening of the rotating diodes (if foreseen)

Operation status signals: - 52E closed - Automatic mode on - Manual mode on - Excitation activated - 52G closed - Maximum static reference - Minimum static reference - Maximum cos reference (if foreseen) - Minimum cos reference (if foreseen) - Overexcitation limit - Underexcitation limit - Cos/Q regulator activated (if foreseen) - VL = VM equalizing, Q zero setting (if foreseen) - V/Hz limit (if foreseen) - Chopper 1 contactor closed - Chopper 2 contactor closed (if foreseen) - Automatic regulator anomaly - Manual regulator anomaly - Computer commands (if foreseen)

7.

Structure

The board is made up of a protected cabin suitable for internal installation in industrial environment, structured to be accessible from both longer sides. Protection degree of the excitation board: Standard............................................................................................................. ..........IP21 Maximum allowed.........................................................................................................IP5 4 The structure of the board includes a bolted metal frame that is strong enough to easily withstand the mechanical stresses arising during shipment, assembly and operation. The metal plate enclosing the frame is 2 [mm] thick and specially treated. All the compartments of the board are equipped with access doors with handle and triangular-shaped lock. The painting cycle and the color of the inner and outer surfaces are normalized with RAL 7032 color (or according to the Customers request) and achieved through a painting cycle where paints suitable for tropical climates and aggressive environments are used. The board is earthed through a bus bar (section 75 [mm]) arranged for the connection with the central earth net. 7.1 Configuration of the Regulator

Below is a list of the configurations of cards, power supply systems and choppers that make up all the solutions summed up in the previous paragraphs. CARDS POT. AUT/ AUT./MAN WITH MAN. (A) TRACKING (B) AUTOMATIC (D)
YES OPT. YES OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT. YES YES NO YES OPT. YES OPT. YES YES OPT. YES OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT. YES YES YES YES OPT. YES OPT. YES

SEPARATE AUT/MAN.

DOUBLE (C)

VCR VCRR* PLT PLT* VHL* COS* RCOS* PSS* ITI ITO RCI ALI1 ALI2 CHT1 CHT2 ITR1

YES OPT. YES OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT. YES YES YES YES YES YES OPT. YES

YES OPT. YES OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT. YES YES YES YES OPT. YES NO YES

ITR2 SDR1* SDR2* TCHT*

NO OPT. OPT. OPT.

NO OPT. OPT. OPT.

OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.

NO OPT. OPT. OPT.

Notes: The cards marked with (*) refer to optional functions. VCRR: card for voltage regulator with computer control RCOS: card for cos regulator with computer or remote control PSS: stabilizing signal card COS/VHL: card for cos and V/Hz regulator SDR1: Card for rotating diode control and current conversion for the automatic channel SDR2: Card for rotating diode control and current conversion for the manual channel TCHT: negative ceiling card

8.

Electrical Features

The data listed below refer to a room temperature of 40 [C] (temperature outside the rack and not the board). For other temperatures please refer to the data in figure 1. The electrical features are also referred to normal values of atmospheric pressure (max. 1000 [m] s.l.m.) and relative humidity not higher than 90%. For higher temperatures a suitable fan drawer is foreseen, located under the regulation rack. The fans are supplied with 24 Vdc current and 15 W power and therefore can be installed in places with a temperature up to 50C. 8.1 Chopper Stage

A single voltage stage is foreseen: - 25 300 [V]DC Two types of output current are foreseen: A) 20 [A] maximum continuous current at a room temperature of 40 [C] with maximum current of 50 [A] for 10 [s] every 10 [m] B) 30 [A] maximum continuous current at a room temperature of 40 [C] with maximum current of 100 [A] for 10 [s] every 10 [m] For the second case an assisted ventilation inside the chopper module is foreseen.

Figure 1: Maximum continuous current as a function of Troom

9. 9.1

Spare Parts Spare Parts for Loose Regulation Rack

- 1 set of regulation cards (1 for each type) - 1 DC/DC power supply - 1 Chopper power module 9.2 Spare Parts for Board Supply

- 1 set of regulation cards (1 for each type) - 1 DC/DC power supply - 1 power module (bridge or chopper) - 1 set of relays (1 for each type) - 1 set of auxiliary switches (1 for each type) - 1 field contactor

10.

Block Diagrams (attached)

Attached hereto are the block diagrams of the main configurations of the regulator AVRS100. - AVR100S-A/B general diagram - AVR100S-C general diagram - AVR100S-D general diagram - AVR100S-A block diagram of the regulation - AVR100S-B block diagram of the regulation - AVR100S-C block diagram of the regulation - AVR100S-D block diagram of the regulation

11.

Drawings of the Overall Dimensions (attached)

Below are the drawings of the overall dimensions of the regulators rack and of the standard board matched to it.

11.1

Overall Drawing of the 19 Rack

11.2

Overall Drawing of the Standard Board

12.

General Installation Procedure

A) Machine not working (with connection to the machine open) Check the connections external to the excitation system and their correspondence with the functional diagrams Check the function of relays, auxiliary switches and any settings Connect with the test power supply source (for excitation systems with excitation transformer or power supply deriving from the machine standard or an auxiliary generator) Check for the correct function of the chopper(s) Check the operation of the protection circuits through input signal simulation.

B) Machine rotating (nominal speed, switch 52G open) Excite the machine only in manual regulation mode Check the function of the regulation circuits using the actual values of Vecc and Iecc Check the values converted by the machine Tvs Switch to voltage automatic regulation and check the operation stability by sending disturbance signals (step) of an amplitude of 0.5 Vmax to terminal 20 of the regulator cage Check the V/Hz operation (if foreseen) by sending a disturbance signal to terminal 20 of the regulator cage (0-2 Vmax).

C) Machine rotating (nominal speed, switch 52G closed) Check for correct polarities and offset of voltage and machine current signals Check the function and adjustment of the foreseen limits with the actual machine signals. Adjust only if it necessary to change what has been pre-set in the factory Final check of the machine operation: stability, load disconnections, limits, etc. Safety

12.1

As for all units and electric boards, when a static excitation system is to be handled all the necessary safety measures must be provided for and observed. Inside the board and on the regulation rack there might be dangerous voltages whose value depends on the system concerned. The opening of the excitation switch 52E (if present) on the primary or secondary side of the excitation transformer (if present) does not completely guarantee the presence or absence of dangerous voltages: battery (110 or 220 Vcc) or auxiliary power supply might be present. These power sources might cause safety problems, therefore one must be very careful when working on the board. The excitation board is built in such a way that the energized parts are protected so as to guarantee at least an IP20 protection rate. The maneuver organs, the regulation and control components that can be accessed in duty

are protected. The parts with dangerous voltage that cannot be accessed in duty are protected with barriers. Warning plates are applied on the doors. If the rack is supplied loose, the user must absolutely stick to the safety rules. He shall be responsible for the enforcement of all the necessary warnings, barriers and operation information. 12.2 Preliminary Controls

These controls are necessary for the first start of the excitation system. All the connections between excitation board, machine and control room must be checked and tested. All the regulation circuits (set-off, P and Q signal conversion, limits) that require signals from the machine TAs and Tvs must be carefully checked, especially as far as the phase sequence and the correct transformation ratio are concerned. It is necessary to check that all interface signals with the rest of the machine exactly correspond to the functional diagrams. The regulation system is designed to work within the tolerances guaranteed by means of the settings made during the general test at the factory and checked with the aid of simulation systems where the values of the machine constants are set. If such values are not communicated during the order processing phase or if they are unknown, a further setting phase might be necessary. Anyway, the user is responsible for the accuracy of the machine values. Except for the systems where the excitation system is derived from safe and always available power supply sources (from exchange auxiliary services), a pre-excitation system is necessary in order to make the system self-supporting. When the regulation system is supplied as a board, the signal connections and the earth connections of the system are surely good. If only the regulation rack is supplied, the user must be very careful with the harness and the earthing. It is the users responsibility to make good connections which - if not built correctly - might cause a malfunctioning both during the first start of the machine and in duty. 12.3 Initial Test of the Excitation circuits with the Test Auxiliary Source (Machine not working) a) Test the power transformer (isolation, ratio). Such tests do not need to be carried out on previously tested and certified machines. b) Check the polarities and interconnections between the power transformer and the excitation board input (check that the connections correspond to the diagram) c) If no transformer is provided for, the connections of the DC power supply to the chopper must be checked. d) Energize the electronics and the relay section. To this purpose it is necessary to close the power supply switches inside the exciters board. Check that the electronics switch on through a visual control of the LEDs of the power supply system located on the left hand side of the regulation rack (all the green LEDs must be on). Push the RESET button on the front of the board (in the board version this button is always present for the reset of the alarms after acknowledgment; if only the regulation rack is supplied, an output interface card with non-stored

signals is supplied): some alarms and signals may appear when the board is energized for the first time. After such operation, check the status of the display panel. In normal conditions no alarm LED should be on. e) Set the selector - if present - on local commands. In order to continue the tests in manual mode, a distinctions should be made between exciters power supply from machine standard or shaft generator or coaxial dynamo and power supply source derived from auxiliary services. In the first case it is necessary to provide for an auxiliary source with DC if the chopper section is to be directly controlled or with AC if a power transformed is interposed. If the system is equipped for the conversion of the power supply onto auxiliary systems, the exciter must be pre-set for this purpose. In both cases, as the system is designed to operate with a PRIMER (cicchetto), the command for the inhibition of the primer must also be sent: CICCHETTO OFF active. This way the machine can be gradually excited from zero to the desired value. In the second case, that is when the machine is designed to be energized from auxiliary services, the above procedure is not necessary. After these operations have been carried out, send the excitation command with LOCAL commands and MANUAL operation mode and check the change in the excitation voltage by intervening on the potentiometer of the manual reference - for AVR100S-A or D - or use the increase / decrease buttons - for AVR100S-B or C -. In this case, the Decrease light shall turn off after the first Increase command is sent (release of the minimum limit switch). Check the excitation current and voltage. In this phase no high values of excitation current should be reached so as to avoid heating the machine while not rotating. Higher current values may be reached, though for a short period of time. Push the STOP button to interrupt the power supply to the load. After such operations have been carried out and the remote interface commands have been checked, the tests should be continued with the machine rotating. 12.4 Inspections and Tests with no Load

The above-mentioned test power supply is necessary also for these tests. The procedures are similar to those adopted for tests with the machine not working. Before starting the machine make sure that: - the commands are set to LOCAL - the regulation is set to MANUAL mode - the CICCHETTO OFF command has been sent when this is necessary (power supply from standard or rotating generator). Use a voltmeter to check that the test point TP18L RCI card, if present, is on 0V or, if a manual potentiometer is used, that the manual potentiometer is set to the minimum value, test point TP12L on the VCR or VCRR card - make sure that the excitation switch (if present) is open. - The generator must be brought to the nominal speed, the excitation activated and the excitation switch (if present) closed; gradually increase the manual reference until the machine nominal voltage is reached. In the

meanwhile check the voltage and excitation current values (the values showed on the instruments must correspond to those indicated on the plates). For the reading of the excitation current it is important to notice that if the excitement current values were known ever since the machine testing, the excitement current instrument must have been already set except for minor variations. For this reason it is necessary to make sure that when the machine is not working the instrument indicates zero. If not, it must be set to zero by means of the P0 trimmer located on the front side of the PLT card. In order to set the instrument range it is necessary to provide for a shunt in series with the load so as to check the instruments values. As the converted output of the PLT card is in the 4-20mA range, in order to set it it is necessary to make sure that the test point TP17R of the PLT card is 3VDC at the current nominal value (or different values for currents proportionally lower than the nominal current). In order to obtain this it is necessary to intervene on the P6 trimmer located on the front side of the PLT card. In order to set the instrument it is necessary to intervene on the P19 trimmer on the back panel. The current value read on the shunt must correspond to the excitation current value showed on the instrument. - With nominal machine voltage and speed, check for the correct sequence of the machine TV feedback signals and machine voltage feedback adjustment: TP15L of the VCRR card or TP18R of the VCR card at -10Vdc at the machine nominal value. In order to get this, intervene on the P4 trimmer located on the front side of the PLT card. The correct phase sequence must be obtained by means of an oscilloscope (if available) on: TP14R = -VRG = 6Vac, TP12R = VTG = 6Vac. The voltage on TP12R must show a delay of 120 compared to what has been recorded on TP14R. - Check the status of the synchronizing voltmeter: in versions B and C (Automatic / Manual with tracking), the Automatic channel shall track the Manual and vice versa; in versions A and D the potentiometric Automatic / Manual alignment must be obtained manually. Once the alignment has been obtained, switch to the automatic mode by pressing the Automatic button in versions B and C or by turning the selector in versions A and D. - Check that in the Automatic operation mode there are no oscillations on the excitation current and on the machine voltage. Use the Increase / Decrease buttons to control the behaviour of the regulator. - Push the STOP button to de-energize the machine. Test the power in automatic mode. Check the value on test point TP18L of the VCR or VCRR card. Here the set value can be read, e.g. 8Vdc means that the machine will automatically go to 80% of the nominal value after the excitation has occurred. Use the Increase excitation button to increase the machine voltage value. - If the exciters normal power supply is derived from auxiliary services, the starting procedure can be continued with tests in parallel. If the excitation is derived from a standard or an auxiliary generator, the test auxiliary source must be disconnected, the command CICCHETTO OFF must be removed and the START sequence in Automatic mode tested. In the starting phase the command for closing the primer contactor will be sent in order to make the machine self-start. In this respect, an excitation current control circuit is foreseen: a current flow must be noted. If within 1 second after the START

command no excitation current flow is noted, the system is shut down due to pre-excitation failure. On the other hand, if the pre-excitation sequence lasts over 5 seconds without reaching a value corresponding to 70% of the machine voltage, the system is shut down due to maximum pre-excitation time. If the primer sequence is correct, a current flow is noted and the circuit disconnects when the pre-set machine voltage threshold is reached. 12.5 Inspections and Tests in Parallel

Once the tests of the previous paragraphs have been completed, tests with load must be carried out. - The start can be both in Manual or in Automatic mode. In the first case, when the machine nominal value is reached, the regulation is anyway to be switched to Automatic. - The commands of the turbine regulator shall operate to obtain the machinemains alignment. With the machine in parallel, check the excitation current supply and check the machine current phases so as to obtain a correct conversion of the P and Q powers supplied by the machine. On the test points PT16R and TP15L of the PLT card the P and Q values can be read. For the reactive power Q also the sign can be read: +Q for reactive power supply, - Q for reactive power absorption. These signs and values are to be checked and must correspond to those recorded by other instrument in the exchange. The phase of the currents is also to be checked. For a correct interpretation of the current phases compared to their voltage two separate cases must be considered: active power supply only, reactive power supply only. In the first case the shape of the wave recorded on test point TP18L of the PLT card, IRG, must be in phase with the shape of the wave recorded on TP14R, while the shape of the wave on TP17L, ITG, must be in phase with the recordings on TP12R. In the second case (Q supply, therefore Q positive), the shape of the wave on TP18L must show a 90 delay compared to TP14R and the shape of the wave on TP17L must show a 90 delay compared to TP12R. 13. Description of Signals and Alarms

The information on operation or alarm statuses can be viewed by means of display panels and alarms or by means of pilot lights located on the control buttons or through the position of selectors. Below is a list of the standard displays and their meaning. 13.1 Button Signals

1. Automatic regulator on. When the Automatic button is on, this means that the automatic regulator is active. The Manual button (versions B and C) allows to switch over to the manual channel. In version A an AUT/MAN selector is foreseen in place of the button. In version D the buttons have the meaning of AUTOMATIC1 and AUTOMATIC2. The AUT/MAN selector is always present for the potentiometric Automatic/Manual switchover for the active channel (1 or 2). With the machine set on STOP (DE-ENERGIZATION button on) the switch from Aut to Man or from AUT1 to AUT2 is always possible, whereas when the machine is excited (EXCITATION button on) the

switch is only possible after the alignment has been obtained and after a request has been made by means of the button related to the required channel. The required reservation is stored by the first request sent. Switches and reservations can be made through similar remote controls. 2. Manual regulator on. When the Manual button is on, this means that the manual regulator is active. The switchover to the automatic regulator occurs through a request made by means of the automatic button. To return to the manual regulation the manual button must be pressed. As in the previous case, the Automatic/Manual switchover is immediate in the STOP status, while in the START status it can only occur if the requested regulator is not in anomalous conditions and the regulators are aligned. If the required channel is not available the reservation is not accepted. The switchover and the reservation for switching over to manual mode can be made through similar remote controls. 3. Drop-out. With the drop-out button on, the machine is in STOP status. With the machine operating and this button activated, the system is de-energized. This function is active also from remote stations through a command located on a suitable terminal board. 4. Excitation. With the excitation button on, the exciter is working. The action of this button is active from the exciters panel only if the controls are set to LOCAL mode. The excitation control is active also from remote stations, with the selector on REMOTE and through a command located on a suitable terminal board. 5. Minimum limit switch (Decrease button). This button switches on when the preset minimum static reference is reached. The displayed minimum limit switch is always referred to the active regulator: limit switch of the automatic regulator in automatic mode, limit switch of the manual regulator in manual mode. 6. Maximum limit switch (Increase button). This button switches on when the preset maximum static reference is reached. The displayed maximum limit switch is always referred to the active regulator: limit switch of the automatic regulator in automatic mode, limit switch of the manual regulator in manual mode. 7. Q zero setting active. The request to set the reactive power Q to zero is executed through the related button and sent and accepted by the regulation only if the mode is Automatic and the machine is in parallel (52G switch closed). The request can also be made from a remote station by means of a pulse command. A command enables the function and the following disables it. The zero setting active status is signaled by the switching on of the zero setting request button. The function is disabled upon request by means of the same button - which therefore has the double enable/disable function - or by switching over to manual or by opening the parallel switch.

8. Equalizing active. The request of machine voltage / mains voltage equalizing is executed by means of the Equalizing button located on the front panel (with commands in LOCAL mode). The request can also be sent from remote stations by means of the related control on the terminal board. When the request is accepted the button switches on and such acceptance is subject to the following conditions: automatic mode, parallel switch open. The switchover to manual or the closing of the parallel switch cause the request to be disabled. Similarly to the Q zero setting function, the button has an enable / disable function. 13.2 Panel Signals

1. Excitation switch closed. When the LED is on, excitation switch 52E (if present) is closed. 2. Parallel switch closed. When the LED is on, parallel switch 52G is closed. 3. Overexcitation. When the LED is on, the overexcitation limit is active and the machine is working under limit conditions. 4. Underexcitation. When the LED is on, the underexcitation limit is active and the machine is working under limit conditions. 5. Stator current limit. The machine current limit has been reached and the machine is working under limit conditions. 6. V/Hz limit. The Volt/Herz limit is operating and the machine is under limit conditions to reduce excitation and therefore the machine flow. 7. Power supply anomaly. If the LED is on, one of the following circuits is faulty: primer, 110 V, buffer, 220V auxiliary circuits. 8. Excitation shutdown. If the LED is on, the exciters shutdown command has been given. 9. Anomaly of the Automatic Regulator. If this LED is on, the automatic regulator is or was faulty due to one of the following causes: machine feedback anomaly (minimum value of the machine voltage or failure in the feedback circuit), maximum ceiling time (the control signal remains at its maximum value for over 5 seconds), anomaly of the 24V power supply (in case of a dedicated power supply to the automatic channel), chopper anomaly (in case of a configuration with 2 choppers with one chopper dedicated to the automatic channel and one to the manual channel), maximum current (the maximum current value of the automatic channel has been exceeded; this also causes the system shutdown). 10. Anomaly of the Manual Regulator. If this LED is on, the manual regulator is or was faulty due to one of the following causes: maximum ceiling time (the control signal remains at its maximum value for over 5

seconds), anomaly of the 24V power supply (in case of a dedicated power supply to the manual channel), chopper anomaly (in case of a configuration with 2 choppers with one chopper dedicated to the automatic channel and one to the manual channel), maximum current (the maximum current value of the manual channel has been exceeded; this also causes the system shutdown). 11. Pre-excitation failed. When the primer circuit is used for the excitation of the generator, the alarm is displayed if no excitation current flow has been recorded within one second of the start command or if 70% of the machine voltage is not reached within 5 seconds of the start command. 12. Untimely drop-out. This alarm is given if the parallel switch is closed when the START commands are absent and the 52E switch is closed (if present). 13. Anomaly of the machine rotation. This is signaled if the machine voltage is lower than 5% of the nominal value or if the machine feedback circuit is interrupted. 14. Maximum ceiling time. This signal is common to both the Automatic and the Manual channel and warns that the control signal to the chopper remained at its maximum value for over 5 second. 15. 24V anomaly. Anomaly in the 24V power supply to the electronics. 16. Maximum excitation current. The maximum excitation current threshold has been exceeded. This protection acts simultaneously on both channels. 17. Chopper failure. A failure has been detected in one of the choppers. This signal is due to one of the following causes: high chopper temperature, chopper short circuit, no power supply to the chopper. 18. Commands from DCS. It warns that the commands for the reference signal set for the machine voltage or for the regulation signal for the set cos value, or both, are managed by DCS or by a computer through a 4-20mA command. 19. Anomaly of the DCS commands. This indicates an anomaly in the signal from the computer: current value lower than 4 mA. In this case the control is automatically assumed by the regulator. 20. Cos regulation activated. The regulator works in cos regulation mode. 13.3 Signals available on Input Interface

All the commands to be sent to the regulator come from two interface cards connected to the ITI card by means of two flat cables (H and M). The following signals can be sent: a) Flat H

RL01-START: excitation command active on 1. It must be a fixed-type command. RL02-Q41-1 ON: signal of the chopper 1 output contactor status. Set to 1 with contactor closed. RL03-Q41-2 ON: signal of the chopper 2 output contactor status. Set to 1 with contactor closed. RL04 - PLUS AUT/REG1: command set to 1 for the choice of automatic or automatic 1 regulator in the Double Automatic version. RL05 - PLUS MAN/REG2: command set to 1 for the choice of the manual or automatic 2 regulator in the Double Automatic version. RL06 - RICH COS: command set to 1 for the request of activation of the cos regulation. RL07 - PLUS AUM: command set to 1 for the increase static reference request (both for automatic and for manual channel). RL08 - PLUS DIM: command set to 1 for the decrease static reference request (both for automatic and for manual channel). RL09 - AUM COS: command set to 1 for the cos reference increase request RL10 - DIM COS: command set to 1 for the cos reference decrease request RL11 - RICH EG: command set to 1 for the voltage equalizing request. It can be both of pulse and of fixed type. In the first case it works at every pulse as enable/disable, in the second case a fixed signal set to 1 requests the activation of the function while a signal set to zero requests the de-activation. The choice of the type of operation is reflected on the jumper customization to be made inside the PLT* card. RL12 - RICH AZZ Q: pulse command set to 1 for the enable/disable request of reactive power zero setting. RL13 - RCHT2: signal set to 1 for the request of operation of the second chopper. RL14 - COS/Q: regulation choice, 1 for the cos regulation, 0 for the operation with Q = constant. RL15 - C52G ON: signal set to 1 with parallel switch 52G closed. RL16 - A/M (sel): choice of the automatic operation, 1, or manual potentiometric operation, 0. Such selector-type command is used in versions A and D. In the other versions it must always be set to 1. b) Flat M RL01 - COMPOUND ON: compound on command active on 1. It must be a fixed-type command. RL02 - ESCL PSS: stabilizing signal disable command active on 1. RL03 - 2 GRAD: command active on 1 for the activation of the second step for the overexcitation limit performed on the excitation current. RL04-I = K1: command set to 1 for the 1 level constant current operation RL05-I = K2: command set to 1 for the 2 level constant current operation RL06 - LKM: command set to 0 for the motor operation RL07 - EG REM: command set to 1 for the remote equalizing request with choice between machine/mains or reference/mains equalizing. RL08 - 60 Hz: command set to 1 for the request of a 60 Hz operation

RL09 - COMP P/N: command set to 1 for operation with positive compound, set to 0 for operation with negative compound. RL10 - 52E ON: signal set to 1 with excitation switch closed (if present) RL11 - DCS-1 ON: command set to 1 for the request of DCS operation for the setup of the voltage reference. RL12 - DCS-2 ON: command set to 1 for the request of DCS operation for the setup of the operating value with cos regulation. RL13 - CICCHETTO OFF: signal on 1 for the request of operation without primer start sequence. RL14 - AVAILABLE RL15 - AVAILABLE RL16 - AVAILABLE 13.4 Signals available on Output Interface

All the signals of the operation or alarm statuses of the regulator (16 + 16 signals) are available on the output interface connected to the output relay cards by means of two flat cables H and M. Below is the list of the available signals: a) Flat H RL01 - AUT/MAN: output relay excited if the regulator is in automatic mode; relay dropped out if in manual mode. RL02 - COS/INS: relay excited with cos regulation active RL03 - FCMAX: relay excited when maximum limit switch is reached. RL04 - FCMIN: relay excited when minimum limit switch is reached. RL05 - COS MAX: relay excited when maximum limit switch of the cos regulator is reached. It is possible to have a single signal of cos maximum limit switch and of the static reference maximum limit switch. RL06 - COS MIN: relay excited when minimum limit switch of the cos regulator is reached. It is possible to have a single signal of cos minimum limit switch and of the static reference minimum limit switch. RL07 - SOTTOECC: relay excited under underexcitation limit conditions. RL08 - SOVRAECC: relay excited under overexcitation limit conditions. RL09 - LIMI V/Hz: relay excited under V/Hz limit conditions. RL10 - ANCHT: relay excited in case of chopper anomaly RL11 - Q41-1 ON: relay excited to command the closure of chopper 1 output contactor. RL12 - Q41-2 ON: relay excited to command the closure of chopper 2 output contactor. RL13 - ANOM REG AUT: relay dropped out to signal the anomaly of the automatic regulator. RL14 - ANOM REG MAN: relay dropped out to signal the anomaly of the manual regulator RL15 - BLOCCO ECCIT: relay dropped out to command the excitation shutdown. RL16 - CICCHETTO ON: relay excited to command the closure of the preexcitation contactor.

b) Flat M RL01 - TMAX CEIL: relay excited to signal the maximum ceiling time. RL02 - ANOM VM: relay excited to signal a machine feedback anomaly. RL03 - IECC MAX: relay excited to signal the activation of the maximum excitation current protection RL04 - SEQ ERRATA: relay excited to signal the activation of the working sequence or the untimely drop-out protection. RL05 - CHT1ON: relay excited to signal that chopper 1 is working RL06 - DCS FAULT: relay excited to signal a DCS control anomaly. RL07 - ANOM ALIM: relay excited to signal a 24 V power supply anomaly. RL08 - EG INS: relay excited to signal the activation of the equalizing function RL09 - EG RAGG: relay excited to signal the equalizing completion. RL10 - MIN FREQ: relay dropped out to signal the operation due to minimum frequency. RL11 - MANCATA PREECC: relay dropped out to signal the operation due to wrong pre-excitation sequence. RL12 - AN CHT1: relay excited to signal the anomaly of chopper 1. RL13 - AN CHT2: relay excited to signal the anomaly of chopper 2. RL14 - AZZ Q INS: relay excited to signal the activation of the Q zero setting function. RL15 - AZZ Q RAGG: relay excited to signal the completion of the Q zero setting. RL16 - CHT2ON: relay excited to signal that chopper 2 is operating.

14. 14.1

Regulation Cards Regulators Configuration

The regulator is available in the following configurations: A) Potentiometric Automatic / Manual B) Automatic / Manual with Tracking C) Independent Automatic / Manual D) Double Automatic The possible configurations can be identified through the following codes: A11: Potentiometric Automatic / Manual with 1 chopper + 1 power supply A21: Potentiometric Automatic / Manual with 2 choppers + 1 power supply A12: Potentiometric Automatic / Manual with 1 chopper + 2 power supplies A22: Potentiometric Automatic / Manual with 2 choppers + 2 power supplies B11: Automatic / Manual with tracking with 1 chopper + 1 power supply B21: Automatic / Manual with tracking with 2 choppers + 1 power supply C12: Independent Automatic / Manual with 1 chopper + 2 power supplies C22: Independent Automatic / Manual with 2 choppers + 2 power supplies D11: Double automatic with 1 chopper + 1 power supply D12: Double automatic with 1 chopper + 2 power supplies Below is the list of the regulators components in the various configurations with reference to cards, power supply and choppers.
CHOPPER POT AUT/ CARDS MAN. (A) AUTOMATIC (D) VCR VCRR* PLT PLT* VHL* COS* RCOS* PSS* ITI ITO RCI ALI1 ALI2 CHT1 CHT2 YES OPT. YES OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT. YES YES NO YES OPT. YES OPT. AUT./MAN WITH TRACKING (B) SEPARATE AUT/MAN. (C) DOUBLE

YES OPT. YES OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT. YES YES YES YES OPT. YES OPT.

YES OPT. YES OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT. YES YES YES YES YES YES OPT.

YES OPT. YES OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT. YES YES YES YES OPT. YES NO

ITR1 ITR2 SDR1* SDR2* TCHT*

YES NO OPT. OPT. OPT.

YES NO OPT. OPT. OPT.

YES OPT. OPT. OPT. OPT.

YES NO OPT. OPT. OPT.

Notes: The cards marked with (*) refer to optional functions. VCRR: card for voltage regulator with computer control RCOS: card for cos regulator with computer or remote control PSS: stabilizing signal card COS/VHL: card for cos and V/Hz regulator 14.2 Power Supplies Configuration

Below is the list of power supply connections to be set up on the back panel. VERSION A1) ALI1 (01) A2) ALI1+ALI2 (01) (42) B1) ALI1 (01) B2) ALI1+ALI2 (01) (42) C1) ALI1+ALI2 (01) (42) D1) ALI1 (01) D2) ALI1+ALI2 (01) (42) SPA-SPA1 BACK PANEL CONNECTIONS SNA-SNA1 PSPA-PSPA1

SPAMC-SPA1

SNAMC-SNA1

PSPAMC-PSPA1

SPA-SPA1 SPAMC-SPM1 SPAMC-SPA1 SPAMC-SPM1 SPA-SPA1 SPM-SPM1 SPA-SPA1 SPAMC-SPM1 SPAMC-SPA1 SPAMC-SPM1

SNA-SNA1 SNAMC-SNM1 SNAMC-SNA1 SNAMC-SNM1 SNA-SNA1 SNM-SNM1 SNA-SNA1 SNAMC-SNM1 SNAMC-SNA1 SNAMC-SNM1

PSPA-PSPA1 PSPAMC-PSPM1 PSPAMC-PSPA1 PSPAMC-PSPM1 PSPA-PSPA1 PSPM-PSPM1 PSPA-PSPA1 PSPAMC-PSPM1 PSPAMC-PSPA1 PSPAMC-PSPM1

14.3

Choppers Configuration

This configuration refers only to the setup to be made on the power unit and on the 24Vdc power supply for the fan inside the chopper. For currents up to 20A no added connection is necessary, while for the 30A chopper (equipped with fan) the choppers (or choppers) terminal bz24 is to be connected to PSP and respectively: VERSION CONNECTIONS A1) CHT1 (49) A2) CHT1 (49) CHT 2 (67) A3) CHT1 (49) CHT2 (67) BACK PANEL

bz24(CHT1)-PSPAMC bz24(CHT1)-PSPAMC bz24(CHT2)-PSPAMC bz24(CHT1)-PSPA1 bz24(CHT2)-PSPM1

Version A1 has only one chopper, independently on the configuration of the regulation. Version A2 has two choppers, one is the back-up of the other, with no reference to the configuration of the regulation. Version A3 has two choppers of which one dedicated to the Automatic channel and the other to the Manual channel. 14.4 Regulators Cards

Below is the card arrangement in the regulation rack. The arrangement includes all cards, power supplies and choppers that can be present in the maximum configuration. The sizes refer to a 19 rack with Europe 2 format cards. AL1 VCRR PLT CHT2 RCOS PSS ITI ITO ALI2 CHT1

14.4.1 VCRR Card: Voltage Regulator, Automatic Channel Rheostat, V/Hz Conversion, Computer Control Jx J1 J2 J3 J4 J7 J8 J9 J10 J11 J12 J13 J14 J15 J16 J1: J2: A11 0-1 * * * 0-2 * 0-1 0-1 ON 0-2 * OFF * * A21 0-1 * * * 0-2 * 0-1 0-1 ON 0-2 * OFF * * A12 0-1 * * * 0-2 * 0-1 0-1 ON 0-2 * OFF * * A22 0-1 * * * 0-2 * 0-1 0-1 ON 0-2 * OFF * * B11 0-1 * * * 0-2 * 0-1 0-1 ON 0-2 * ON * * B21 0-1 * * * 0-2 * 0-1 0-1 ON 0-2 * ON * * C12 0-1 * * * 0-2 * 0-1 0-1 OFF 0-2 * ON * * C22 0-1 * * * 0-2 * 0-1 0-1 OFF 0-2 * ON * * D11 0-1 * * * 0-2 * 0-2 0-1 OFF 0-2 * ON * * D12 0-1 * * * 0-2 * 0-2 0-1 OFF 0-2 * ON * *

J3: J4: J7: J8: J9: J10:

J11:

J12: J13: J14: J15: J16:

on for reset at start. Always on. activation of capacitor C3. Normally not activated, the behaviour in automatic mode must be checked. It may be activated only in the Brushless version. Static (0-2) or Brushless (0-1) choice. V/Hz limit: 50 Hz (OFF), 60 Hz (0-1). activation of filter on V/Hz limit signal. Normally on. STAB signal sending to the RCOS or VHL card. On only with V/Hz option. t selects the channel that controls the potentiometric A/M synchronizing voltmeter. enable of the +GPG* (H21A) signal. Presently not used. It can be used when it is necessary to have a complete separation of the Aut. and Man. control command acting on the same route without passing through the PLT card. it is used to send the error signal between Aut. and Man. in Aut/Man version to the RCI card for the regulators tracking. It is set to ON only in the A and B versions while in the other versions it is OFF. activation / deactivation of the Tf constant. It is always set on 0-2. it is used to send the lim V/Hz signal. It is set on 0-1 in Brushless applications and on 0-2 in static applications. it activates the Dvcon signal for the offset of Aut/Man control voltages; it is off in potentiometric Man/Aut mode. signal of shutdown for minimum frequency. It is set on 0-2 if this protection is not to be activated, otherwise it is set on 0-1. with the jumper off it is possible to set the minimum value for the instrument indicating the voltage reference outside. With the jumper on, the minimum value is 0.

14.4.2 VCR card: Voltage Regulator, Automatic Channel Rheostat, V/Hz Conversion Jx J1 J2 J3A J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10 A11 * 0-1 0-2 * 0-1 * OFF 0-2 * * A21 * 0-1 0-2 * 0-1 * OFF 0-2 * * A12 * 0-1 0-2 * 0-1 * 0-2 0-1 * * A22 * 0-1 0-2 * 0-1 * 0-2 0-1 * * B11 * 0-1 0-2 * 0-1 * OFF 0-1 * * B21 * 0-1 0-2 * 0-1 * OFF 0-1 * * C12 * 0-1 0-2 * 0-1 * OFF 0-1 * * C22 * 0-1 0-2 * 0-1 * OFF 0-1 * * D11 * 0-1 0-2 * 0-1 * OFF 0-2 * * D12 * 0-1 0-2 * 0-1 * OFF 0-2 * *

J1: activation / deactivation of capacitor C23. Normally not activated, the behaviour of the automatic regulator must be checked. It may be necessary only in the Brushless version. J2: on for reset at start. Always on 0-1. J3: activation of filter on V/Hz limit signal. When the V/Hz function is on it must be set to 0-2. J3A: activation of the Tf constant in the voltage regulator. It is always set on 0-2. J4: choice of the type of excitation: 0-2 static, 0-1 for Brushless. J5: activation of the Dvcon signal: when the regulator works as a Slave it is used to adjust the control signal to the Aut/Man error. J6: on when set on 0-1 in the 60 Hz applications and with the V/Hz function on. J7: choice of the ERRAUT/MAN signal to be sent to the J5 jumper. In version A it is OFF, in version B it is set to 0-2, while in versions C and D it is OFF. In version B the ERRAUT/MAN (L7A) signal is an output signal, while in versions C and D it is the input of the signal from the tracking card. J8: the choice is made to send the signal to the synchronizing voltmeter. In version A it is the only output for the synchronizing voltmeter and it is used to check the alignment of the automatic and potentiometric manual channels, therefore the jumper is always set to 0-2. In versions B and C it is not used and therefore is set to 0-1, while in the Double Automatic version it is set to 0-2 as it is used to send the test phase signal to a single synchronizing voltmeter. J9: it is set to 0-2 to send the STAB signal to the COS/VHL or RCOS card. It is on only when the V/Hz limit function is required, otherwise it is OFF. J10: it is set to 0-1 if the V/Hz shutdown signal for minimum frequency is used, otherwise it is set to 0-1. If the V/Hz function is not used it must be set to 0-2.

14.4.3 RCOS Card: Cos / Q Regulator with Potentiometric, Remote or Computer Command. V/Hz Limit.

Jx J1 J1A J2 J3 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10

A11 * * * * * * * * * *

A21 * * * * * * * * * *

A12 * * * * * * * * * *

A22 * * * * * * * * * *

B11 * * * * * * * * * *

B21 * * * * * * * * * *

C12 * * * * * * * * * *

C22 * * * * * * * * * *

D11 * * * * * * * * * *

D12 * * * * * * * * * *

All the jumpers in this card depend on the function and not on the regulators configuration. J1: cos reference controlled by the Rifcosout signal: this signal is used only when the computer control option is available and the control signal is to be converted from the computer signal or from the local potentiometric signal. In this case J1 must be on. With J1 off, the control comes from the J3 jumper. This is the case in remote control through the cos increase / decrease buttons or from the potentiometer. J1A: choice of the minimum value of the reference set when operating from a computer. On 0-1 it gives a negative reference that is added to the one coming from the computer. On 0-2 the reference is positive and is subtracted from the computer reference. J2: when set to ON it accelerates the Increase / Decrease commands of the reference. It is normally set to OFF. J3: choice of the reference from potentiometer (0-1) or from remote station (0-2). J5: reset of the reference with STOP. The reference starts from the preset value at every START command. Normally it is ON. J6: Decrease button. On 0-1 it is common to the decrease button of the voltage reference (only two buttons are present for the commands of the rheostat and of the cos regulator), while on 0-2 the command comes from a separate button. J7: Increase button. On 0-1 it is common to the increase button of the voltage reference (only two buttons are present for the commands of the rheostat and of the cos regulator), while on 0-2 the command comes from a separate button. J8: cos reference minimum limit switch. On 0-1 this signal is common to the voltage rheostat limit switch, on 0-2 the signal is separate. J9: cos reference maximum limit switch. On 0-1 this signal is common to the voltage rheostat limit switch, on 0-2 the signal is separate.

J10: LKM. With the jumper on, the generator / motor function is remotely controlled. With the jumper off it always works as a generator.

14.4.4 PLT Card: Protections, Logics and Conversion

Jx J1 J2 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9

A11 0-2 OFF 0-2 * * 0-1 OFF 0-1

A21 0-2 OFF 0-2 * * 0-1 OFF 0-1

A12 0-1 OFF 0-2 * * 0-1 OFF 0-1

A22 0-1 OFF 0-2 * * 0-1 OFF 0-1

B11 0-2 OFF 0-2 * * 0-1 OFF 0-1

B21 0-2 OFF 0-2 * * 0-1 OFF 0-1

C12 0-1 OFF 0-2 * * 0-1 OFF 0-1

C22 0-1 OFF 0-2 * * 0-1 OFF 0-1

D11 0-2 ON 0-1 * * 0-2 ON 0-1

D12 0-1 ON 0-1 * * 0-2 ON 0-1

J1: selection of the number of power supplies in the regulation: if only one power supply is present the jumper must be set to 0-2, if two power supplies are present it must be set to 0-1. J2: it is on only in Double Automatic version in order to control the consistency of the two feedback machine voltage signals and allows for the possibility to order the channel switchover. In the other versions it is OFF. J4: choice of activation of Excitation Shutdown when the regulation is in Manual mode and a manual anomaly occurs. In all Aut / Man versions the jumper is set to 0-2, while in the Double Automatic version it is set to 0-1. J5: choice of the limit signal to be sent to the voltage regulator, on 0-1 the limit is executed on the excitation current, while on 0-2 it is executed on P and Q of the synchronous machine. J6: choice of the limit signal to be sent to the output interface, on 0-1 the limit is executed on the excitation current, while on 0-2 it is executed on P and Q of the synchronous machine. J7: it enables the machine voltage signal. In the Double Automatic version the M/S (Master / Slave) signal establishes which of the two regulators is enabled to send the machine voltage signal to the instrument. In the other versions the jumper is always set to 0-1. J8: it is on only in the Double Automatic version as the power supply anomaly causes a channel switchover and not a shutdown (in the independent Aut / Man version the anomaly of a power supply to a channel makes the channel itself faulty and causes the switchover to the back-up channel; this happens in the configuration with two power supplies, in the Double Automatic version, in the version with 1 power supply per channel; the switchover signal and not the shutdown signal is to be sent). J9: choice of the P signal to be sent to the underexcitation limit circuit. It is generally set to 0-1.

14.4.5 PLT* Card: Equalizing, Pre-excitation Logic, Chopper Switch

Jx J1 J4 J4A J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10 J11

A11 * * * OFF * * ON * * *

A21 * * * OFF * * OFF * * *

A12 * * * OFF * * ON * * *

A22 * * * OFF * * OFF * * *

B11 * * * OFF * * ON * * *

B21 * * * OFF * * OFF * * *

C12 * * * OFF * * ON * * *

C22 * * * OFF * * OFF * * *

D11 * * * ON * * ON * * *

D12 * * * ON * * ON * * *

J1: on 0-1 the choice of the equalizing function RIFAUT or VM is enabled (to be executed with remote control). On 0-2 the choice is between VM and VM* so as to allow the equalizing between two different points (for instance between mains and generator or between mains and boosting transformer). J4: it enables the equalizing conditioned by 52E closed and START. With the jumper on the equalizing is possible only under the abovementioned conditions, with the jumper off it is enough that the regulator is in Automatic mode and 52G open. The disconnection occurs automatically when the 52G switch is closed or when the mode is switched to Manual. J4A: for the equalizing request: if it is of fixed type it must be OFF, if it is of pulse type is must be ON. J5: it is always off except in the Double Automatic version. J6: it enables the primer logic. It is set to 0-1 if the primer logic is on: in this case the circuit can be disabled - for instance when tests of the auxiliary services are to be made - from a remote station by means of the CICCHETTO OFF command. On 0-2 this pre-excitation logic is always off. J7: choice of the fixed or pulse equalizing. In the first case it must be set to 0-2, in the second case to 0-1. Each pulse causes the activation and the following causes the de-activation. J8: it is on if only one chopper per rack is foreseen. J9: as for J7, when the request is of ON type and the following deactivation request is of OFF type, the jumper must be on. J10: on 0-2 chopper 2 is always enabled at START, on 0-1 it is enabled upon the operators request or by the anomaly of chopper 1. J11: on 0-2 chopper 1 is always enabled at START, on 0-1 it is enabled upon the operators request or by the anomaly of chopper 2.

14.4.6 RCI Card: Manual Current Regulator and Tracking Device This card is not available in version A, therefore all the jumpers of this version are omitted as they have no meaning.

Jx J1 J2 J3 J3A J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10

A11 NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC

A21 NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC

A12 NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC

A22 NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC

B11 0-1 0-1 0-2 * 0-1 OFF 0-2 0-1 0-2 0-2 0-1

B21 0-1 0-1 0-2 * 0-1 OFF 0-2 0-1 0-2 0-2 0-1

C12 0-1 0-1 0-2 * 0-1 OFF 0-2 0-1 0-2 0-2 0-1

C22 0-1 0-1 0-2 * 0-1 OFF 0-2 0-1 0-2 0-2 0-1

D11 0-1 0-1 OFF * 0-1 ON 0-2 0-1 0-2 0-2 0-2

D12 0-1 0-1 OFF * 0-1 ON 0-2 0-1 0-2 0-2 0-2

J1/J2: Synchronizing voltmeter. They send the regulators alignment signal to external stations. In version A this signal comes from the voltage regulator (VCR or VCRR card). In versions B and C they control the error of the automatic / manual control signals, while in version D they control the error of two control signals between AUT1 and AUT2. J3: REGMAN(-)EXT, on 0-2 it sends the control signal to the chopper. On 0-1 during tests it is possible to directly send the control signal to the chopper. In the Double Automatic version it is OFF as the control signal of the second regulator enters on pin H7A in order to generate the error signal on L3A. J3A: it is on if used for the flat activation control. It is normally OFF. J4: it is used to send the channel alignment error to the tracking device. It is always set to 0-1. J5: it is on only in the Double Automatic version. J6: it sends the current signal from the Hall-effect transducer and it is always set on 0-2. J7: Azzer: it is always set to 0-1 and is used to acknowledge the switchover once the alignment has been performed. J8: the increase / decrease commands are sent in order to track the regulators, they are always set to 0-2. J10: ALG*. In versions B and C it must be on 0-1 in order to inhibit the switch upon a request of switchover to manual with the channel not available. In version D it must be set to 0-2 in order to control the other Automatic channel. 14.5 Card Setting Procedure

The settings listed below refer to the settings made on the trimmers located on the front side of some of the cards. In this respect the following is to be pointed out:

- inside the cards there are setting trimmers that are usually used only in the card testing phase and normally need no further setting in the starting phase; - on the front side of some cards there are setting trimmers that are to be adjusted according to the function of the system; - on the back panel there are other setting trimmers mainly connected to optional functions. If a faulty card is to be replaced, once the card has been extracted it is necessary to remove the trimmer customization panel and place it on the new card without any further setting. The trimmers inside the card must not be re-set. 14.5.1 VCR Card Setting On the front side of the card - on the bigger part - the following trimmers are located: - P1: KP, regulator response time, 10-120 - P2: pu, static gain of the regulator, 0.003-1 - P3: Kc, dynamic gain of the regulator, 0.24-1 - P4: KB, dynamic gain reduction - P5: KF, TF/KP - P6: +IECC, excitation current feedback - P7: IECC, current setting for Brushless 1) KP, range 120-10. Trimmer with one revolution generally set at half stroke in order to make the regulator fast enough. For a correct and better setting it is necessary to check the behaviour at the regulators step with the aid of a recorder. 2) pu, static gain of the regulator. In the Brushless version, it must be set at about one third of the range. If oscillations are noted in the machine current, the gain must be further reduced. 3) Kc, dynamic gain of the regulator. It is obtained from the relation Kc = Vceil/VET, where Vceil is the ceiling voltage obtained with the maximum value of the control signal and VET is the excitation voltage at the air gap. The value of the control voltage recorded at the excitation voltage at the air gap is given by Vc = 10/Kc, where 10 is the maximum value of the control voltage. Therefore, it is necessary to put the regulator in manual mode with an excitation voltage equal to the air gap voltage and set P3 in order to have a voltage equal to Vc on PT13R obtained as described above. 4) KB, this trimmer allows to reduce the maximum range of the control signal. For the static case, this setting is excluded, so the trimmer is completely activated. 5) TF, time constant obtained from: TF = Tdo x [(xd+xe)/(xd+xe)]. As the setting can be made within the range 0.9 - 5.6 seconds, P5 is to be set so as to obtain the value that can be derived from the above relationship. 6) +IECC, P6 is to be set so as to obtain 1.9 V on TP12R. This setting is used in the potentiometric manual mode. 7) IECC, it is used for Brushless so as to have 1 V on TP16L by means of P7.

14.5.4 VCRR Card Setting On the front side of the card - on the bigger part - the following trimmers are located: - P1: KP, regulator response time, 10-120 - P2: pu, static gain of the regulator, 0.003-1 - P3: Kc, dynamic gain of the regulator, 0.24-1 - P4: KB, dynamic gain reduction - P5: KF, TF/KP - P6: +IECC, excitation current feedback - P7: IECC, current setting for Brushless 1) KP, range 120-10. Trimmer with one revolution generally set at half stroke in order to make the regulator fast enough. For a correct and better setting it is necessary to check the behaviour at the regulators step with the aid of a recorder. 2) pu, static gain of the regulator. In the Brushless it must be set at about one third of the range. If oscillations are noted in the machine current, the gain must be further reduced. 3) Kc, dynamic gain of the regulator. It is obtained from the relation Kc = Vceil/VET, where Vceil is the ceiling voltage obtained with the maximum value of the control signal and VET is the excitation voltage at the air gap. The value of the control voltage recorded at the excitation voltage at the air gap is given by Vc = 10/Kc, where 10 is the maximum value of the control voltage. Therefore, it is necessary to put the regulator in manual mode with an excitation voltage equal to the air gap voltage and set P3 in order to have a voltage equal to Vc on PT13R obtained as described above. 4) KB, this trimmer allows to reduce the maximum range of the control signal. For the static case, this setting is excluded, so the trimmer is completely activated. 5) TF, time constant obtained from: TF = Tdo x [(xd+xe)/(xd+xe)]. As the setting can be made within the range 0.9 - 5.6 seconds, P5 is to be set so as to obtain the value that can be derived from the above relationship. 6) +IECC, P6 is to be set so as to obtain 1.9 V on TP12R. This setting is used in the potentiometric manual mode. 7) IECC, it is used for Brushless so as to have 1 V on TP16L by means of P7. 14.5.3 RCOS Card Setting This card has no trimmer panel. In this case the settings are made inside the card. More precisely, it is necessary to check the following values based on the options: a) Cos/Q regulation: in stop status extract the internal jumper J5, send the cos regulation request and - by means of the Aum Cos and Dim Cos buttons - check the range of the reference on TP19R (+10V -10V). If the potentiometric regulation is foreseen, TP13R is to be checked. If the DCS regulation is foreseen, the ranges can be checked on TP13R by switching to local in order to act through the potentiometer and by switching to remote in

order to receive the 4-20mA computer signal. The range of the computer value can be read on TP11R and it varies from -0.88V and -4.44V. On TP15R it is possible to check what the real cos reference will be. This depends on the users needs. The regulation is calculated in order to make cos vary between -0.7 and +0.7 or Q between -1pu and +1pu. The user can restrict the range by means of the internal trimmers P6 and P5A. This setting should be carried out during testing, as it is necessary to check that with the starting signal 4mA the minimum value - that can be regulated through P6 - is obtained, while with P5A the IC31 gain can be regulated so as to increase or decrease the range that can be obtained on TP15R. As regards the V/Hz option, it is necessary to intervene on the trimmer on the back panel described in paragraph 15.2.

14.5.4 PLT Card Setting On the front side of the card there is a panel with 8 setting trimmers whose functions are described below: - P0: zero setting of the excitation current instrument - P1: setting of the threshold of the overexcitation limit operation with Iecc control - P2: Adj P to set the value of converted P - P3: Adj Q to set the value of converted Q - P4: setting of the machine voltage feedback - P5: gain of the underexcitation limit operation - P6: Iecc setting - P7: setting of the gain of the overexcitation limit operation with Iecc control 1) P0, the setting of the excitation current instrument is carried out through the P0 trimmer. The instruments scale is set through trimmer P19 on the back panel. P6 is to be set before this setting can be made. 2) P1, a setting should be made in order to have +3V on TP20R. 3) P2, with 50% of P and the machine voltage at the nominal value (on TP14R and TP12R approx. 6V must be available) 5Vcc are to be measured on TP16R. 4) P3, with 60% of Q and the machine voltage at the nominal value, +5Vcc are to be measured on TP15L (Q supply). 5) P4, setting of the machine feedback; it is to be measured on TP15L of the VCRR card or on TP18R of the VCR card, -10Vcc at the machine nominal value. 6) P5, set to about a half. A lower of higher value set for this trimmer allows to set the input and output in regulators underexcitation limit. 7) P6, at the nominal value of the excitation current -3V is to be measured on TP17R. 8) P7, set to about a half. A lower or higher value set for this trimmer allows to set the input and output in the regulators overexcitation limit. The following back panel settings are also to be made for this card: 1a) P19, setting of the excitation current instrument: with -3V on TP17R (value at nominal current) it is necessary to intervene on P19 to set the instrument so that to make the value of the real current correspond. 2a) P13/P14: setting of the generator/motor compound contribution whose value can be read on TP16L. 4a) P25, setting of Qmin on TP18R for underexcitation limit. If for instance the minimum value is -50%, TP18R must be +5V at the machine nominal value. 5a) P24, intercept Qinter > Qmin on TP19R. 6a) P26, slope of the limit straight line. On the machine capability curve trace the straight line passing through Qinter and the point Qm,Pm where Pm is the maximum value of P that can be supplied by the machine with the Qmin value. On the axis of power P get the intercept value Px; with P = 50% set P26 so as to have [Qinter(pu)/Ppu] x 0.5 V = TP19L on TP19L.

7a) P21, maximum current of the automatic channel, set to have the value to be compared with TP17R on TP13R, usually at +6V.

14.5.5 PLT* Card Setting The settings for this optional card must be carried out on the back panel: 1) P15, setting of the mains voltage for equalizing function. At the nominal mains value set to get +10V on TP11R. 2) P8, P contribution for overexcitation limit in P and Q. Set to have 4.5V on TP14L with the maximum P and Q supplied. 3) P10, set so that with Q only the intervention occurs at the maximum Q value allowed by the capability curves. 4) P12, it is used to vary the operation of the limit when the machine voltage varies. 5) P7, it is used for setting when the equalizing function with a different point is required, for example downstream the machine transformer. 14.5.6 RCI Card Setting On the front side of the card the following trimmers are available: - P2: IMAX, setting of maximum current, manual - P3: -Iecc, setting of the manual regulators current feedback - P4: IEO, loadless current setting - P5: Kc, gain of the current regulator - P6: ERRAUT/MAN, automatic / manual error setting - P7: Imin, setting of the minimum current to enable the alarms 1) Set P2 in order to have on TP16R a value that can vary from 1.5 to 2 times the nominal current. It is usually set to +6V. 2) The manual current feedback is set so that with the maximum value of the reference (11V) at the most the circulation of the nominal current is obtained, that is 4.6V on TP19L. 3) Set P4 so that when operating in parallel and with load the opening of the parallel switch causes the supply - in manual mode - of current with no load. If K is the In/Ieo ratio, a value of V1 = (Vrifmax.0.7)/K must be present on TP14R. When the parallel switch opens, on TP14R there is: 15/30 x [20+(10/15 x 10 x K)] = TP14R. 4) The regulators gain is calculated with P3 at about half of the trimmer range. 5) Set P6 so as to have a minimum error on TP17R without creating strong oscillations to the synchronizing voltmeter. 6) Set P7 at the maximum value on TP14L: approximately 13.8V.

15. 15.1

Back Panel Presettings on the Back Panel

Jx J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J10 J11 J20 J21 J22 J30 J31 J32 J33 J34 J35 J36 J37 J38 J39 J40 J41 J42 J43 J44 J45 J46 J47 J48 J50 J51 J52 J53 J54 J55 J56 J57 J60 J61 J62 J63 J70

A11 OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF 0-1 0-1 0-1 OFF 0-1 OFF * 5.5 2.75 OFF * 0.34 0.17 OFF OFF 1.37 0.68 0.02 * 0.01 0.04 0.08 * OFF ON OFF 0-2 0-1 OFF OFF OFF ON 0-1 OFF * OFF *

A21 ON ON 0-1 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-1 OFF 0-1 OFF * 5.5 2.75 OFF * 0.34 0.17 OFF OFF 1.37 0.68 0.02 * 0.01 0.04 0.08 * OFF ON 0-1 0-2 0-1 OFF OFF OFF ON 0-1 OFF * OFF *

A12 OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF 0-2 0-2 0-1 OFF 0-1 OFF * 5.5 2.75 OFF * 0.34 0.17 OFF OFF 1.37 0.68 0.02 * 0.01 0.04 0.08 * OFF ON OFF 0-2 0-1 OFF OFF OFF ON 0-1 OFF * OFF *

A22 ON ON 0-1 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-1 OFF 0-1 OFF * 5.5 2.75 OFF * 0.34 0.17 OFF OFF 1.37 0.68 0.02 * 0.01 0.04 0.08 * OFF ON 0-1 0-2 0-1 OFF OFF OFF ON 0-1 OFF * OFF *

B11 OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF 0-2 0-2 0-1 OFF 0-2 OFF * 5.5 2.75 0-1 * 0.34 0.17 OFF 0-2 1.37 0.68 0.02 * 0.01 0.04 0.08 * OFF ON OFF 0-1 0-1 ON 0-1 OFF ON 0-1 OFF * OFF *

B21 ON OFF 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-1 OFF 0-2 OFF * 5.5 2.75 0-1 * 0.34 0.17 OFF 0-2 1.37 0.68 0.02 * 0.01 0.04 0.08 * OFF ON 0-1 0-1 0-1 ON 0-1 OFF ON 0-1 OFF * OFF *

C12 OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF 0-2 0-2 0-1 OFF 0-2 OFF * 5.5 2.75 0-1 * 0.34 0.17 OFF 0-1 1.37 0.68 0.02 * 0.01 0.04 0.08 * OFF ON OFF 0-1 0-1 ON 0-1 OFF ON 0-1 OFF * OFF *

C22 ON OFF 0-2 0-1 0-2 0-1 0-1 0-1 OFF 0-2 OFF * 5.5 2.75 0-1 * 0.34 0.17 OFF 0-1 1.37 0.68 0.02 * 0.01 0.04 0.08 * OFF ON 0-1 0-1 0-1 ON 0-1 OFF ON 0-1 OFF * OFF *

D11 OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF 0-2 0-2 0-1 OFF 0-1 ON* * 5.5 2.75 0-2 * 0.34 0.17 ON 0-2 1.37 0.68 0.02 * 0.01 0.04 0.08 * ON ON OFF 0-2 0-1 OFF 0-2 ON ON 0-1 OFF * OFF *

D12 OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF 0-2 0-2 0-1 OFF 0-1 ON* * 5.5 2.75 0-2 * 0.34 0.17 ON 0-1 1.37 0.68 0.02 * 0.01 0.04 0.08 * ON ON 0-2 0-2 0-1 OFF 0-2 ON ON 0-1 OFF * OFF *

J71 J72 J73 J74 J75 J76 J81 J82 J83 J84 J85 J86 J87 J88 J89 J90 J91 J92 J93 J94 J95 J96 J97 J98 J99 J100 J101 J102 J103 J104 J105 J106

* * * * OFF 0-1 * ON * * * * * * 0-1 * 0.34 0.17 1.37 0.68 0.08 0.04 0.02 0.01 5.5 2.75 * * * * OFF 0-1

* * * * OFF 0-1 * ON * * * * * * 0-1 * 0.34 0.17 1.37 0.68 0.08 0.04 0.02 0.01 5.5 2.75 * * * * OFF 0-1

* * * * OFF 0-1 * ON * * * * * * 0-1 * 0.34 0.17 1.37 0.68 0.08 0.04 0.02 0.01 5.5 2.75 * * * * OFF 0-1

* * * * OFF 0-1 * ON * * * * * * 0-1 * 0.34 0.17 1.37 0.68 0.08 0.04 0.02 0.01 5.5 2.75 * * * * OFF 0-1

* * * * OFF 0-1 * OFF * * * * * * 0-1 * 0.34 0.17 1.37 0.68 0.08 0.04 0.02 0.01 5.5 2.75 * * * * 0-2 OFF

* * * * OFF 0-1 * OFF * * * * * * 0-1 * 0.34 0.37 1.37 0.68 0.08 0.04 0.02 0.01 5.5 2.75 * * * * 0-2 OFF

* * * * 0-1 0-1 * OFF * * * * * * 0-1 * 0.34 0.37 1.37 0.68 0.08 0.04 0.02 0.01 5.5 2.75 * * * * 0-2 OFF

* * * * 0-1 0-1 * OFF * * * * * * 0-1 * 0.34 0.37 1.37 0.68 0.08 0.04 0.02 0.01 5.5 2.75 * * * * 0-2 OFF

* * * * OFF 0-1 * ON * * * * * * 0-1 * 0.34 0.37 1.37 0.68 0.08 0.04 0.02 0.01 5.5 2.75 * * * * OFF 0-1

* * * * OFF 0-1 * ON * * * * * * 0-1 * 0.34 0.37 1.37 0.68 0.08 0.04 0.02 0.01 5.5 2.75 * * * * OFF 0-1

J1: the signal of fault of the second chopper, CHT2OFF, is sent to the PLT card if on 0-1. On 0-2 on the same card a 0 appears. J2: control signal +GPG*. It is used in the potentiometric AUT/MAN versions. As an option it may be used in AUT/MAN: the output of the VCRR and RCI cards are put in parallel, an internal AUT/MAN command selects which of the signals must be enabled. It may be used when you do not want to go through card PLT with the control signals and have a complete independence from the cards. J3: it send the +GPGAUT signal from the VCRR(L12A)card or GPG from the PLT (H20B) card. In the first case it must be set to 0-1 and is used in the potentiometric Automatic / Manual version with two choppers. It is used on 0-2 in Automatic / Manual with tracking with two choppers. In the other cases it is OFF. J4/J5: they send the voltages for the supply to the electronics to the second chopper: they must be set to 0-1 in case of separate power supply (manual channel with manual chopper), otherwise on 0-2.

J10/J11: they have the same meaning as the previous ones, however for the automatic channel. J20: it has the same function as J1 for chopper 1. J21: it has the same function as jumper J3 for the automatic channel. J22: it sends the +GPGAUT signal to chopper 1 on position 0-1, on 0-2 the GPG signal from the PLT card is sent. J30: it is used in the Double Automatic version and detects the cages of the automatic 1 and 2: AUT1 jumper open; AUT2 jumper on. J31*: cicchetto off, it is used to activate or de-activate the primer function from a remote station. It must always be on in the version in which the start with primer is foreseen. It is also used when a distinction must be made between start from standard and manual start from auxiliary services. In this case, the cicchetto off command must be sent in order to start from a zero voltage and gradually increase (short-circuit tests or loadless characteristic). J32/J33/J36/J37/J40/J41/J42/J44/J45/J46: they determine the preset value of the static reference of the manual regulator. The values indicated in the table refer to an 11V setting. J34: it sends the AUT/MAN signal to pin H9B of card RCI. It is not activated in potentiometric Automatic / Manual mode and is set to 0-1 in Automatic / Manual. In the Double Automatic version it is set to 0-2. J35*: it is on if the MTR signal is required. J38: it is on only in the Double Automatic version, in the other configurations it is OFF. J39: it signals the status of the second power supply. In the potentiometric Automatic / Manual version with one or two power supplies the jumper is absent. In the Automatic / Manual configuration - where the RCI card is foreseen but there is only one power supply - the jumper is set to 02. If two power supplies are present, the connection is on 0-1. J43*: on for MTR VELOCE (RAPID MTR) J47*: on for RAMPA VELOCE (RAPID RAMP) J48: it is off in all versions but the Double Automatic. J50: it is always on except in the AUT2 regulator where it is open as in this version there is a chopper for each channel, so chopper 1 of channel 2 must give the same signal as chopper 2. J51: it is used together with the previous one, with two choppers it is set to 0-1, otherwise it is OFF. In the Double Automatic version it is set to 0-2. J52: it sends the AUT/MAN signal to pin H9A of card PLT. In the potentiometric Automatic / Manual version the connection is set to 0-2 to send the A/M signal (Automatic or Manual selector). In Automatic / Manual the connection is between 0-1. J53: it is on 0-1 in all versions, it is set to 0-2 in regulator 2 in the Double Automatic version. J54: in the potentiometric Automatic / Manual version it is OFF; it is on in Automatic / Manual mode as it sends the Manual Regulator Anomaly signal; it is open in the Double Automatic version. J55: it sends the Back-up Regulator Fault signal to card PLT. In the potentiometric Automatic / Manual version there is no back-up regulator, therefore the connection is open. In the Automatic / Manual

version it must be set to 0-1 while in the Double Automatic version it is on 0-2 because the second Automatic Regulator must be controlled. J56: it is OFF in all versions except in the Double Automatic version. J57: it is always on. It is open only on the cage of regulator 2 in the Double Automatic version. J60: it is usually set to 0-1 as the Iecc/Man signal is taken from the same transducer of the automatic channel. It is on 0-2 only when two current transducers - one for the automatic channel and one for the manual channel - are foreseen. J61: on 0-1 it arranges the operation at 60 Hz for the PSS card; on 0-2 such arrangement is made from a remote station. J62: on 0-2 PSS is disabled only locally, while on 0-1 the enable / disable command can be sent from a remote station. J63: when on it is a further de-activation of PSS. J70: on 0-1 the converted value of Q is sent from card PLT to card COS or RCOS, on 0-2 an external signal of Q is sent. J71: on 0-1 the converted value of P is sent from card PLT to card COS or RCOS, on 0-2 an external signal of Q is sent. J72: with the jumper open we are in the cos regulation; on 0-1 in Q regulation, on 0-2 the selection is made externally from a remote station. J73: when the jumper is open the V/Hz limit is enabled, on 0-2 it is disabled. J74: when the jumper is open the operation of the V/Hz limit is not reset, while on 0-1 an automatic reset occurs. On 0-2 the reset is performed from a remote station. J75/J76: on 0-1 the +15V power supply is sent to the Hall-effect transducer respectively for the manual and for the automatic channel, card ITR. On 0-2 the +24V signal is sent. This is used when there are SDR cards (rotating diode control) J81: with the connection on there is no offset of the machine voltage on the overexcitation limit, while with the jumper OFF the machine voltage is offset. J84/J85: on 0-1 -15V is sent for the Hall-effect transducer, ITR card, while on 0-2 the -24 V signal is sent when the SDR card is used. J86: when the motor is operating it is open, for the generator it is on 0-1. This selection is local only. For the remote control the connection must be set to 0-2. J87: on 0-1 the PLT card signal 52EON is always on 1, while on 0-2 it is remotely controlled. J88: on 0-1 the COMPOUND is enabled locally while on 0-2 the command is executed from a remote station. J89: it is always on 0-2 so that the IEA signal from the Hall-effect transducer is sent to the VCRR and PLT cards. It is on 0-2 only in TEST when the connection is made from a simulator. J90: on for MRT on Automatic channel. J91/J92/J93/J94/J95/J96/J97/J98/J99/J100: they determine the preset value of the static reference of the manual regulator. The values indicated in the table refer to an 11V setting.

J101: on for MTR VELOCE (RAPID MTR) in the automatic channel J102: on for RAMPA VELOCE (RAPID RAMP) in the automatic channel J103/J104: on 0-1 the potentiometer P17 on the back panel is activated for the potentiometric manual reference or for a current level; on 0-2 the multiple-revolution potentiometer is taken to card VCRR. J105: it is always off in the potentiometric automatic / manual version while it is on 0-2 in the automatic / manual version. J106: on 0-1 the potentiometric signal is sent as a control signal of the manual mode, while on 0-2 the signal from card RCI is sent. 15.2 Back Panel Settings H17B H16A H16B P2 : 10K H21B H22B H20B H1A H2A H1B H2B H13B H3B P5 : 10K H3A H4A H9A H4B H5B H5A H10B H4A P8 : 10K H9B made on P and H4B P9 : 10K H9B H8B H7B PLT*

P1 : 10K 30%

PSS

Setting of the P threshold from 10% to

PSS

Setting of K from 0 to 15.7

P3 : 10K

RCOS

Gain setting

P4 : 10K and 1.42 p.u.

RCOS

Setting of the threshold between 0.58

RCOS

1 p.u.

P6 : 100K

RCOS

Setting of It

P7 : 100K to the

PLT*

Setting of VIN/VOUT for VM* (according equalizing point Setting of P for overexcitation limit Q

PSS

Kp setting from 0 to 0.5

P10 : 10K H2A made on P and H8A P11 : 10K H14A H15A H13A

PLT*

Setting of Q for overexcitation limit Q

RCOS

Resolution setting from 0 to 0.02 p.u.

P12 : 100K H2B overexcitation with

PLT*

Setting of the machine offset in limit made in P and Q

P13 : 50K

H2B H3B

PLT

Generator compound from 0 to 23%Q

P14 : 100K H4B H3B P15 : 10K H5B H3B H15A H16A H15B

PLT

Motor compound from 0 to 46%

PLT*

Setting of the mains voltage

P16 : 10K

VCRR

Setting of constant current LIV1

P17 : 10K

H16B H18B potentiometric H17A P18 : 10K H8B static reference

VCRR

Setting of constant current LIV2 or reference Setting of the minimum value of the with 4-20 mA signal

VCRR

P19 : 100K L4A instrument L11A P20 : 10K instrument L6B L8B P21 : 10K L7A

PLT

Setting

of

the

excitation

current

VCRR

Setting

of

the

static

reference

PLT VCRR

Setting of maximum excitation current Setting of the static reference

P22 : 10K L7B instrument offset L13B P23 : 10K maximum L10B

PLT

Setting of the potentiometric manual current

P24 : 10K intercept

L3A L11A

PLT

Setting of the underexcitation limit

P25 : 10K L3A underexcitation limit L17B P26 : 10K limit H5B L16B 15.3 10K

PLT

Setting

of

minimum

in

PLT

Setting of slope in underexcitation

Terminal-Board Potentiometers 32 33 78 30 31 76 25 26 77 20 58 12 24 72 70 29 74 75

RCOS

Setting of cos/Q

10K coaxial

RCOS

Setting of the V/Hz limit

10K

VCRR

Potentiometric manual setting

10K coaxial shutdown

VCRR

Setting of the minimum frequency

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