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FADEC Overview
Full Authority Digital Engine Control System continuously monitors and controls ignition timing, fuel injection timing, and fuel-to-air ratio mixture Therefore, a FADEC equipped engine does not require magnetos and eliminates the need for manual fuel/air mixture control.
Two Electronic Control Units (ECUs) Health Status Annunciator (HSA) FADEC Sensor set
(1) Speed Sensor Assembly (SSA) (4) Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) (4) Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) (2) Manifold Air Pressure (MAP) (2) Manifold Air Temperature (MAT) (2) Fuel Pressure Sensors (1) Throttle Position Switch (WOT)
Connects all essential components of FADEC Fuel Injector Coils and all sensors (except SSA, Fuel Pressure, Manifold Pressure) are hardwired to the low voltage harness All information from sensors will flow to the Electronic Control Units for data processing and analysis
Brain of the Engine Control System ECU divided into an upper and lower portion
ignition coils for the spark plugs (each ECU has (4) coils)
ECU contd
The electronic circuit board (lower portion) of each ECU contains (2) independent microprocessor controllers which serve as control channels (1) control channel is assigned to operate a single engine cylinder (thus one ECU per pair of cylinders) ECU #1 controls opposing cylinders 1& 2ECU #2 controls opposing cylinders 3 & 4
ECU contd
Control channel will receive the sensor inputs and monitor any changes Control channel will use these inputs to precisely trim the fuel to air ratio going into each cylinder Therefore, the control channels allow each cylinder to be individually leaned or enriched
ECU contd
If one control channel fails within an ECU the other control channel can operate its assigned cylinder as well as the opposing cylinder as backup control for fuel injection and ignition timing All critical sensors are redundant with one sensor from each type connected to a control channel in different ECUs Synthetic software default values are also used should both sensors of a redundant pair failtherefore, FADEC will always have a value to work off of so it can inject an average amount of fuel to the cylinder
HSA contd
Consists of (5) lights on panel and WOT HSA provides information regarding the status of the FADEC system We have the 2-light system display referenced in the manual plus additional indicators as seen on the HSA HSA will not give you a warning or caution light for OIL temp/pressure or ALT FAIL
HSA lights
FADEC WARN: Engine Failure may be imminent, more than (1) cylinder is affected land ASAP FADEC CAUTION: 99.99% of installed components are working. No immediate action is reqd. Most common example is a bad EGT sensorall sensors are redundant ANYTIME YOU GET A WARNING OR CAUTION REFER TO VM1000this is a window into what FADEC sees
Power Supplies
Primary Power Source (PPS)
14v 60amp alternator and 12v 25Ah Lead Acid type battery (located aft baggage compartment) 12v 7Ah Lead Acid type battery
PPS and SPS have separate set of breakers and the power supply circuits are separated Battery condition monitor will illuminate HSA with PPWR FAIL or EBAT FAIL to alert pilot of possible power supply loss
Alternator fails- FADEC will use primary battery until 12v then will cycle between using PPS and SPS every volt (FADEC always looking for best power source) until batteries are drained
FADEC can operate on SPS (aka backup or emergency battery) for at least 1 hour
SPS is only to supply power to FADEC (AI and TC will also work) and can not be used for starting
REVIEW
FADEC utilize a set of redundant sensors linked to the respective ECU ECU then uses data to analyze and control the ignition timing, fuel injection timing and fuel to air ratio for each cylinder FADEC is powered by 3 sources: alternator, primary battery, emergency batteryFADEC needs only 1 power source to operate Reduces a pilots busy work 15% more fuel efficiency than correct and accurate conventional mixture control