Report of Field Visit at

Jaipur Metro Rail Construction

Date: 31st January, 2011 Venue: Nearby First Cinema, Tonk Road Construction Firm: Construction Work: Pile Foundation

Contents

Sr. No. 1 2 3 a. b. c. d. 4 5

Particulars Introduction to visit Ready mix concrete Pile foundationBoring of pile Filling of concrete Capping of pile Reinforcement in piles Retaining wall Casing of pile

Page no. 4 4 5 5 6 7 7 8 9

1. INTRODUCTION TO VISIT-

Our site visit started on 9 a.m. All students were supposed to reach at site by their own mean of transportation facilities. We were told that there will be two over bridges above the road, one and higher for Metro Rail and other for BRTS buses. And this kind of construction is the first timein India. So it was enough to feel proud to visit such site. Overall it was a wonderful on site experience for all the students and we got a good chance to learn some new things.

2. Ready Mix Concrete:

This project is using Ready Mix Concrete of 1:2:4 and it contain *admixture. It is perfect composition as it is being monitored and prepared with the help of machine with good accuracy.It is necessary to use ready mix concrete in this project due to following reasons:

It is a road project. So it is not possible to set up a plant to prepare concrete at the site. As this project needs a lot of concrete at a single time, as we saw during pile foundation
work, which is not possible by manual work.

Ready mix concrete will have better accurate composition as it is being monitored with
high class machines.

It can be handled easily during filling of pile. It would have been tedious work if it were
being done in other way.

It may or may not be cheaper but it is economical.

3. Pile Foundation:

Total depth of pile: 31 meters Depth up to which steel case (Temporary, it was removed just after the filling of concrete) at inner side was provided: 3 meters Diameter of Pile: 1.2 meter 3.1 Boring for Pile: Boring for the pile foundation was done with the help of *machine (Fig.) of the same diameter as of pile. Before drilling, it is filled with some water so that it becomes easier to bore. After boring, it was filled with the water mixed with Bentonite which helps in preventing the crumbling of soil at greater depth by making a layer on soil which holds it for some time up to some extent. The water filled inside becomes an important one because its density tested before filling. If it comes more, it means that soil is getting eroded. Then accordingly it is compacted up to OMD.

3.2 Filling of Concrete:Filling of concrete is being done with the help of simple tool having cone with hollow cylinder below (Fig ). It is operated by the same machine that is used in drilling but this machine just holds it this assembly with the help of two steel wires/ threads. Cylinder in this tool assembly has lesser diameter than pile bore. This cylinder is made by connecting no. of cylinders of same diameters and generally equal length.Theyare detached after some interval during filling of concrete. Now for the filling of concrete, ready mix concrete tank is brought near to this tool assembly and concrete is poured into it (fig. ).
Concrete filling into tool assembly Hole for Pile Cylinder Movement of concrete after coming out of cylinder

Movement of tool assembly

Now when concrete goes down through this cylinder, it starts spread in the shown manner by displacing water initially and then existing concrete. This cylinder goes to some depth into the concrete too which in turn confirm good filling of concrete in bore due to pressure of existing concrete but this pressure will increase to a limit that it will not allow the concrete to come out of cylinder. Then one part of cylinder is detached and then again starts similar process. During filling, the top surface of concrete is removed because it contains bentonite which causes fewer adherences. Now after filling it to the top, steel case is removed.

3.3 Caping of Pile:when filling is completely done, caping of piles is done. It is generally a
cove of reinforced concrete of 2 meters thickness from the top level of pile. It covers a group of piles i.e. instead of caping of single pile; we are doing caping of more than one pile. Then construction of peers is started from this caping level.
Pile Cap Piles

3.4 Reinforcement in Piles:

Reinforcement in the pile is subjected to design but there was something which we did not found on building construction site. One, there was some circular reinforcement, touching circumference of reinforcement, to save it from inward forces, though cross ties were provided. Two, they used two different sizes (20 mm and 16 mm) of reinforcement bars in a single reinforcement net. To maintain the gap of 50mm between reinforcement and internal surface of soil, a circular object of concrete is provided. But this reinforcement was used up to *cm only.

4. Retaining walls:
A retaining wall is a structure designed and constructed to resist the lateral pressure of soil when there is a desired change in ground elevation that exceeds the angle of repose of the soil. The active pressure increases on the retaining wall proportionally from zero at the upper grade level to a maximum value at the lowest depth of the wall. The total pressure or thrust may be assumed to be acting through the centroid of the triangular distribution pattern, one-third above the base of the wall Retaining walls are pre-stressed concrete wall kind of structures which restrain the soil to come out from nearby structure or road. It have hooks from which steel wires are fastened to the compacted soil with the help of specific steel wires.

5. Casing of pile:- It is a process by which we remove safely the cassions which is a hollowcylinder of steel having diameter of 1.2 M and height 3M. it is removed using the bore machine when filling of concrete completed.