Ultrasonic Sensor Circuit

Posted on September 3, 2009 Ultrasonic sensor circuit is a sensor that consists of transmitter and receiver. This circuit is useful for remote control.The frequency of sound produced by a series of Ultrasonic Sensor is above 20 KHz which is between 40 KHz 50 KHz. Used power supply voltage is 9 V battery cans so use with a voltage of 9 V. How it works is a series of ultrasonic sensors in the circuit if the switch is pressed then the transmitter will from send signals received by the receiver circuit. Ultrasound acoustic wave having a frequency of 20 kHz to about 20 MHz. The Following is a schematic drawing:

If the ultrasonic wave to travel through the media, a large mathematical distance is calculated as follows: s = v.t / 2 where s is the distance in units of meters, v is the speed of sound is 344 m / s and t is the travel time in seconds. While most obstacles ultrasound waves are reflected partly absorbed and some other people will be continued. Ultrasonic sensor is a sensor that changes the physical quantities (sound) to the amount of electricity. In this case an ultrasonic wave sensor generated through an agency called piezoelectric. This will produce piezoelectric ultrasonic waves with a frequency of 40 kHz when an oscillator is applied to the object. Ultrasonic sensors typically used for a disclosure does not touch such a variety of measurement applications. This tool is generally emit ultrasonic sound waves toward the target that reflects the waves back toward the sensor. The system measures the time required for the transmission of waves to go back and calculate the distance to the target sensor by using the speed of sound in the medium. Compiler series ultrasonic sensor consists of transmitter, receiver, and comparator. In addition, ultrasonic waves generated by a thin piezoelectric crystals. Direct piezoelectric equipment change electrical energy into mechanical energy. Input voltage causes a ceramic that is used to stretch and emit ultrasonic waves. Type of transmission operations in around 32 kHz frequency piezoelectric elements. Better efficiency, if the oscillator frequency is set at the piezoelectric resonance frequency with the best sensitivity and efficiency. If the pulse measuring mode the circuit operates on the same piezoelectric element can be used as a transmitter and receiver. The resulting frequency depends on the operating frequency of the oscillator was adjusted from each transducer. Because of this advantage is more suitable for piezoelectric transducers ultrasonic sensors. Transmitter is a device that functions as an ultrasonic wave transmitter with a frequency of 40 kHz is generated from an oscillator. To produce frequency 40 KHz, to make the oscillator circuit and the output of the oscillator signal and hold amplifier. The number of frequency components is determined by the prop RLC / crystal oscillator, depending on the design used. Signal amplifier will provide electrical signals in the feedback to the piezoelectric and mechanical reactions that vibrate and emit the appropriate frequency oscillator. Recipient consists of ultrasonic transducers using piezoelectric material, which serves as the recipient of reflection waves from the transmitter worn on the surface of an object or a wave of direct LOS (Line of Sight) from the transmitter. Because the piezoelectric material has a reversible reaction, a ceramic element to generate electrical voltage when the wave came with resonant frequency and will vibrate the piezoelectric material.

Motion Detectors with Infrared Sensors

Posted on August 30, 2009

Motion detectors often we hear, is to use ultrasonic sensors, the advantages of this sensor is sensitive and rapid response. But the main problem is that sometimes these sensors also respond to vibration in the environment, such as a passing car or plane sound, which resulted in an error response that we did not expect. This can be overcome by using active infrared sensors. The basic concept is similar to an ultrasonic sensor as shown below:

As transmitter Photodioda out pulses of infrared light with a certain frequency 5KHz, then reflected by the reflector in front of him. and received by the phototransistor as the receiver. The detected object is located in between the transmitter-receiver with a reflector. The following is a schematic drawing:

Circuit on the left is the transmitter circuit that produces an infrared pulse modulation 5KHz. On the right side (receiver circuit) there is resonance tuned amplifier that we can control bandwidth in order to capture the pulse modulation transmitter 5Khz. Bandwidth control also serves to reduce the sensitivity to the effects of light around him.