AP Statistics Final Exam Review

This is the 2006 Final Exam. Read each question carefully and choose the one best answer. 1. James was doing ecological research on the rattlesnake population of western North Carolina. James was particularly interested in the lengths of the snakes that he captured. James was concerned that the measure of center that he used in order to describe the distribution of snake lengths could be greatly affected by outliers. The measure of center that James must have used was: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) median standard deviation covariance mean none of the above

2. The measure of center that James should use in order to guard against the effects of outliers is: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) median standard deviation covariance mean none of the above

3. Paul Myers of Woodward Academy, Dan Yates of Virginia Commonwealth University, and Joe League of Harrison High School wish to see who is the better statistics teacher based upon the results of a shared final examination. Each teacher constructed a confidence interval for the mean of their final examination scores in order to compare the means. Below are the intervals: Myers: 90% CI Yates: 95% CI League: 90% CI [72.3, 88.4] [71.7, 89.8] [68.9, 87.3]

According to the above confidence intervals, who is most likely the best statistics teacher of the three? (a) Myers (b) Yates (c) League (d) Myers and Yates are equal (e) League and Myers are equal 4. What is the margin of error for Leagues scores? (a) 18.4 (b) 78.1 (c) 68.9 (d) 87.3 (e) 9.2

5. The correct interpretation for the teachers confidence intervals includes which of the following statements:

(a) There is a 90% probability that the sample mean of Leagues exam scores
lies between 68.9 and 87.3.

(b) There is a 95% probability that Yates true population mean is 80.75. (c) There is a 90% probability that Myers margin of error is 8.05.
(d) There is a 90% probability that the true population mean of Leagues exam scores lies between 68.9 and 87.3. (e) both (a) and (d) 6. In assessing the linearity of data, Leslie finds from the residual plot of the data a definite pattern to the points. She goes on to find that she must take the logarithm of the explanatory variable and the logarithm of the response variable. What kind of regression has Leslie done?

(a) (b) (c) (d)

exponential power linear exponentiation (e) Leslie shouldnt have used a residual plot to assess the linearity of her data. 7. The slope of the linear regression model for grades on the AP Statistics final exam plotted against hours of study is .75 and has a correlation of .92. The standard deviation of final exam scores is 4.3. What is the standard deviation for hours of study? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) 12.27 hours 15.08 hours 5.28 hours 7.96 hours Cannot be determined from the information given

8. Jason is studying whether the playing of light classical music in a corporate office space improves worker productivity. Jason should choose which of the following to test the effects of the music:

(a) stratified random sample

census (d) observational study needed

(b) simple random sample

(c)

(e) none of the above; an experiment is

9. What is the p-value of the chi-square statistic for the following data? Expected Scores for AP Stats Final Exam 87 76 90 78 (a) .743 (b) .257 (c) .863 Observed Scores for AP Stats Final Exam 92 81 91 75

(d) .137 (e) none of the above 10. An influential point on a regression model: (a) (b) (c) (d) can only occur in the x-direction. can only occur in the y-direction. changes the inflection of the curve. changes the general direction of the regression line. none of the above

(e)

11. Jim believes that in locales where there are higher proportions of daily milk drinkers, there are higher proportions of insurance fraud. Jim decides to test the following hypotheses: Ho: Ha: p1 = p2 p1 p2

Has Jim designed a hypothesis test that will help him test his proposition? (a) yes, because the null hypothesis is an equality (b) no, because the alternative hypothesis should be one-sided (c) no, because the hypotheses do not cover the entire domain of possible values (d) yes, because the alternative hypothesis needs a doubled p-value (e) none of the above 12. Given the hypotheses in #12, what does p mean in the context of the situation? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) the proportion of milk drinkers in each population the mean number of milk drinkers in each population the difference in the mean number of milk drinkers in each population the difference in the proportion of milk drinkers in each population none of the above; the subject of the study is insurance fraud

13. Given the following information . . . Expected Scores for AP Stats Final Exam 87 76 90 78 . . . choose the correct conclusion. Observed Scores for AP Stats Final Exam 92 81 91 75

(a) the sum of the residuals for the data is 8 (b) the variance calculation for the data is 72.25
(c) the degrees of freedom for the data is 3 (d) there is one negative residual for the data (e) all of the above 14. Given the data in #13, the contribution that the score of 78 makes to the variance is:

(a) 3 (b) 7.52

(e) none of the above (c) -3 15. Weights of seals are given in the following histogram. For this data, which values are appropriate estimates of the datas mean and standard deviation? (a) 100, 50 (b) 100, 100 (c) 200, 50 (d) 200, 100 (e) 300, 50

(d) .33

16. The weights of cockroaches living in a typical college dormitory are approximately normally distributed with a mean of 80 grams and a standard deviation of 4 grams. The percentage of cockroaches weighing between 77 grams and 83 grams is about: (a) 99.7% (b) 95% (c) 68% (d) 55% (e) 34% 17. In the accompanying display, which has the larger mean and which has the larger standard deviation?

(a) larger mean, A; larger standard deviation, A (b) larger mean, A; larger standard deviation, B (c) larger mean, B; larger standard deviation, A (d) larger mean, B; larger standard deviation, B (e) larger mean, B; same standard deviation 18. As reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association (June 13, 1990), for a study of ten nonagenarians, the following tabulation shows a measure of strength versus a measure of functional mobility Strength (kg) Walk time (s) 7.5 18 6 46 11.5 8 10.5 25 9.5 25 18 7 4 22 12 12 9 10 3 48

What does the slope of the least-squares regression line signify? (a) The sign is positive, signifying a direct cause-and-effect relationship between strength and mobility. (b) The sign is positive, signifying that the greater the strength, the greater the functional mobility. (c) The sign is negative, signifying that the relationship between strength and functional mobility is weak. (d) The sign is negative, signifying that the greater the strength, the less the functional mobility. (e) The slope is close to zero, signifying that the relationship between strength and functional mobility is weak. 19. The relationship between population (y) and year (x) for a Third World nation was determined to be exponential. The least-squares regression equation of the appropriately transformed data was population in the year 1990? (a) 8.46 (b) 288,403,150 (c) 3.21 (d) 102,329,299 (e) There is insufficient information to make a prediction 20. A strong negative association between average state SAT scores and percentage of students taking the SAT reflects which underlying relationship? (a) causation (b) correlation (c) common response (d) extrapolation (e) confounding 21. Two variables are confounded when: (a) The effect of one variable on the response variable is dependent upon the

y = .05 + .004 x . What would be the predicted

effect of the other variable. (b) The effect of one variable on the response variable cannot be separated from the other variable. (c) The effect of one variable on the response variable changes the impact of the other variable on the response variable. (d) Both variables are classified as lurking or extraneous variables. (e) They interact in their effects on the response variable. 22. Which of the following are true statements? I. Voluntary response samples often underrepresent people with strong opinions. II. Convenience samples often lead to undercoverage bias. III. Questionnaires with nonneutral wording are likely to have response bias. (a) I and II (b) I and III (c) II and III (d) I, II, and III (e) None of the above gives the true set of responses. 23. What fault do all these sampling designs have in common?

I. The Wall Street Journal plans to make a prediction for a

presidential election based on a survey of its readers II. A radio talk show asks people to phone in their views on whether the United States should pay off its huge debt to the United Nations. III. A police detective interested in determining a sample of high school students and interviews each one about any illegal drug use by the student during the past year. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) All the designs make improper use of stratification. All the designs have errors that can lead to strong bias. All the designs confuse association with cause and effect. None of the designs satisfactorily controls for sampling error. None of the designs makes use of chance in selecting a sample.

24. If P(X) = 0.23 and P(X and Y) = 0.12 and P(X or Y) = .34, find P(YC). (a) 0.23 (b) 0.52 (c) 0.11 (d) 0.77 (e) 0.48 25. 45% of the Harrison student body are male. 80% of the females love math, while only 60% of the males love math. What percentage of the student body love math? (a) 70% (b) 50% (c) 71%

(d) 60% (e) 100% 26. How many possible 5-character code words are possible if the first two characters are letters and the last three characters are numbers (no character may be repeated)? (a) 468000 (e) none of the above (b) 82 (c) 676000 (d) 78 27. If performance on AP Statistics tests are independent and the probability of passing an AP Statistics test is 0.2, then the probability of passing three AP Statistics tests is: (a) 0.6 (b) 0.2 (c) 0.04 (d) 0.008 (e) 0 28. John has a .75 probability of making an A on the AP Statistics final exam (Event A) while Jennifer has a .83 probability of making an A (Event B). The probability that they both make an A is .65. Are these two events (each making an A individually) independent? (a) no, because the union of the two events has a probability greater than 1 (b) yes, because the union and intersection have the same probability (c) no, because the intersection of the two events should not be .65 if they are independent (d) yes, because .6225 is the probability of the intersection, and this is relatively close to the given value (e) they are only independent if John is cheating off of Jennifer 29. Given the information in #28, what is the P(Ac Bc)? [Hint: Draw a diagram] (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) .0700 .0425 .3775 .3350 none of the above

30. A factory produces plate glass with a mean thickness of 4 mm and a standard deviation of 1.1 mm. A simple random sample of 100 sheets of glass is to be measured, and the mean thickness of the 100 sheets is to be computed. What is the probability that the average thickness of the 100 sheets is less than 4.1 mm? (a) 0.8186 (b) 0.3183 (c) 0.1814 (d) 0.6817 (e) 0.5000 31. 25 of Mr. Leagues 65 AP Statistics students make a 4 or better on the AP exam when nationally the true population proportion of students who score a 4 or better is .

21. What is the z-score related to Mr. Leagues sample if the population standard deviation is .25? (a) 0.699 (b) 0.388 (c) 0.038 (d) 0.023 (e) 0.012 32. If the 90% confidence interval of the mean of a population is given by 45 3.24 , which of the following is correct? (a) There is a 90% probability that the true mean is in the interval. (b) There is a 90% probability that the sample mean is in the interval. (c) If 1,000 samples of the same size are taken from the population, then approximately 900 of them will contain the true mean. (d) There is a 90% probability that a data value, chosen at random, will fall in the interval. (e) none of the above 33. The p-value of a test of significance is the probability that: (a) The decision resulting from the test is correct. (b) 95% of the confidence intervals will contain the parameter of interest. (c) The null hypothesis is true. (d) The alternative hypothesis is true. (e) none of the above 34. What assumptions are necessary to validate a 95% confidence interval from a sample of size 6 of the form:

x 1.96

< < x + 1.96 ? 6 6

I. The sample must have been randomly drawn from the population. II. The population is approximately normal. III. The population standard deviation must be known. (a) I only (b) I and II only (c) I and III only (d) I, II, and III (e) none of the above 35. A pharmaceutical company executive claims that a medication will produce a desired effect for a mean time of 58.4 minutes. A government researcher runs a twosided hypothesis test of 250 patients and calculates a mean of 59.5. If the population standard deviation is known to be 7.6, in which of the following intervals is the p-value located? (a) p < .01 (b) .01 < p <.025 (c) .025 < p < .05 (d) .05 < p < .10

(e) p > .10

36. Calculate the expected payout for the following lottery game: One Number Match .50 $0 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Two Number Match .30 $25 Three Number Match .15 $250 Four Number Match .03 $2500 Five Number Match .02 $25000

Probability Payout

$0.00 $15.50 $620.00 $715.00 none of the above

37. As a sample size n gets larger, the sample proportion will begin to exhibit which of the following behaviors:

(a) it will get closer to p (b) it will get further from p (c) it depends on the behavior of s
(d) a change in sample size will have no effect (e) it will get closer to n 38. As a sample size n gets larger, the variation of the sample will: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) increase stay the same variation is not associated with sample size decrease none of the above

39. The average height of Harrison High School students is 69.6 inches. If we measure the heights of every class in the school during 3rd period, the mean of the sampling distribution will equal: (a) 69.6 inches (b) cannot be determined from the given information (c) is the same as the mean of the entire US high school student population (d) the standard deviation of the sample divided by the sample size (e) none of the above

40. If we are constructing a confidence interval for the average college GPA at a local university but dont know , we must use: (a) z-scores (b) t-scores (c) z* values (d) t* values (e) variance

Final Exam Review Answers: 1. D 2. A 3. B 4. E 5. D 6. B 7. E 8. E 9. Ask tomorrow (no calculator at home tonight) 10. D 11. B 12. E 13. E 14. Omit; not on this years final exam 15. D; Too subjective; not on this years final exam (omitted last year) 16. No calculator tonight but do normalcdf (-.75, .75) and that will give you the answer 17. D 18. No calculator tonight 19. No calculator tonight but . . . exponentiate both sides (there is a logarithm in front of the y) and it will give you y = 10^(.05 + .004x) and then plug 1990 (or 90? Cant remember!) in for x and solve 20. C 21. B 22. C 23. B 24. D These types of questions are not on this years exam 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. A 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. No calculator tonight 36. C 37. A 38. D 39. A 40. D