HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT OF QUALITY CONCEPTS ERA INDUSTRIAL SITUATION DEVELOPMENT -Industrial revolution Quality in charge creates factories.

production departments Unskilled, Semi-skilled and skilled craftsmen become factory employees -Large scale advent modern factory Concepts. of

Pre World War I

of -Large production departments employ full time inspectors. Foremen in charge of quality. Companies conscious of quality create independent inspection departments. -Manufacturing systems Work of inspection become more complex departments increase. -Major changes initiated by companies such as Bell Telephones and General Electric. Advances in technology , new materials and design of new products. -First Schewart control chart introduced. -Sampling inspection on scientific basis introduced. Terms like consumers risk, OC curves, single, double and multiple sampling first used. - First sampling tables develop.

1920s

1930s

_Methods developed at Western Electric spread throughout USA and Europe

-Increased application of acceptance sampling techniques. -Dissemination of Schewharts ideas -Developments in legal aspects of quality -Variable sampling plans introduced.

HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT OF QUALITY CONCEPTS(contd) ERA INDUSTRIAL SITUATION DEVELOPMENT -Statistical Quality Control. -Production of civilian -Dodge and Romig sampling products comes to a halt. inspection tables (LTPD) - Rectifying inspection (AOQL) -Emphasis on Defence - Army inspection procedures. production increases. -Sequential sampling - American War standards -Competitive bidding of introduced. contracts. -Quality control training courses in SQC. - Quality control departments formed to cover inspection and quality engineering.

1940s

1950s

-Massive shortage of consumer goods in USA. -High demand for consumer goods results in deterioration of quality. -Consumers start demanding better quality goods. The threat to organisations having poor quality reputation becomes real. Marketeers and managers become aware of the need to improve quality of products. - Poor quality of products forces a need for quality revolution in Japan

-New function of reliability engineering formed. -Quality departments now house functions of inspection and test, quality engineering, quality audit. -Concept of quality assurance evolves. -AF 5293 published -MIL-Q-9858 published -CuSum control charts developed - MIL-STD-414 developed

Japan starts on a massive training program led by Deming and Juran. The focus is on PDCA, statistical tools , quality improvement.

HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT OF QUALITY CONCEPTS(contd) ERA INDUSTRIAL SITUATION -Race for space begins. -Missile industry develops. -Focus of firms shifts from defect detection to defect prevention. DEVELOPMENT -Concepts of zero defects develop. -Focus on motivational aspects.

1960s

-Quality now takes the form of total quality control involving all departments. Japan focuses on an -Quality control circles alternative to Taylor develop in Japan. system of Management -Use of statistical tools of quality spreads in Japan. -Involvement in quality -Company wide quality right from the Top control concepts develop. Management to the shop floor worker spreads in Japan -ASQC recognises and defines -Importance of quality quality costs. costs realized. 1970s -Accredition programs -NVLAP takes off in 1975 take off and spread. -1 million QC circles in Japan -Japan makes steady by mid seventies progress in quality and -Ishikawa introduces cause develops new approaches. and effect diagrams for problem solving -Taguchi introduces use of statistical tools for design improvement. Introduces concept of Loss to Society. -Focus shifts to Quality -BS5750 0n quality systems Systems developed

HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT OF QUALITY CONCEPTS(contd) ERA INDUSTRIAL SITUATION DEVELOPMENT -Japan overtakes USA in -Japan introduces concepts of quality of a number of continuous improvement products. KAIZEN. - Approach to quality further refined with tools like QFD, JIT, Simultaneous/Concurrent etc. Engineering. -Focus on reliability and on management aspects of quality. -A number of American firms close down due to competition from the Japanese companies. -US companies forced to study Japanese methods and evolve a strategy to withstand Japanese competition. -Blue Ribbon Commision constituted to study reasons for America losing ground to Japan -Focus on statistical process control -Concepts of Total Quality management develop in USA for improvement of competitive strength -Parameters of Competition s cost, quality and delivery -Concurrent engineering approach identified for overcoming competition in design/development and time to first off production -NATO quality document AQAP-1

1980s

-International agreement -ISO 9000:1987 series on on development of quality systems published standards on quality. -NATO quality document -Software packages and AQAP-1 programs develop for -Software quality assurance special applications in specifications developed. quality related activities

HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT OF QUALITY CONCEPTS(contd) ERA INDUSTRIAL SITUATION DEVELOPMENT -Buisness strategic planning Quality becomes a takes firm roots business strategy to competitive edge. primary provide

1990s

-Competitive companies Use of Best of Best practices focus on excellence and aim spreads. to delight the customer. Internal initiative- TQM External initiative- Bench marking Revision of ISO and AQAP ISO :9000 series 1994 AQAP110:1995 Six Sigma New standard for aerospace AS9100 for aerospace industries applications.

Outsourcing becomes a business strategy. Multiplicity of suppliers and ISO9000 series:2000 multiplicity of vendors Above has become a major AQAP 2120:2003 consideration for top management. 2000s Special quality system requirements for space,aeronautical and defense systems drive revision of AS9100. New activities envisaged in quality management like project management, risk management, configuration management and definition of critical items and key characteristics. AS9100 RevB:2004 ISO9001:2008 AQAP 2120:2009 AS9100 RevC:2009