Jacob Burckhardt

Came up with the term 'Renaissance' Published "Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy" Book of the Courtier - how an upperclass gentleman should be educated in music, arts, and swordsmanship Controlled Florence, was a member of a wealthy banking family who ran the city-state government

Castiglione

Cosimo de Medici

Lorenzo the Magnificent

A leading patron of art and scholarship; powerful member of the Medici family.

Petrarch

The father of humanism, he wrote that literature should not be subordinate to religion. Wrote "The Prince", a book that recommended harsh and arbitrary rule for princes 1st (Clergy, 1%) 2nd (Nobility 2%) 3rd (Everyone else 97%) A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements Period beginning in the late 15th century, it produced some of the most wellknownreligious and secular artwork of the period from such figures as Leonardo, Raphael, and Michelangelo Created a relative 40-year period of peace in Northern Italy; represented balance of powers A commercial and defensive confederation of free cities in northern Germany and surrounding areas Wrote "New Cicero" ; humanists believe that their studies of humanism should be put to the service of the state. Translated Greek --> Latin a Roman statesman and orator remembered for his mastery of Latin prose Ruler of Urbino (under his rule, Urbino became a well-known cultural and intellectual center)

Machiavelli

Three Estates

Humanism

High Renaissance

Peace of Lodi

Hanseatic League

Leonardo Bruni

Cicero Federigo de Montefeltro

Lorenzo Valla

Proved Donation of Constantine was a fake, which challenged the authority of the papacy. Included two types of writing: 1) occult sciences or magic 2) otological and philosophical beliefs and stipulations German printer: Movable type and printing press Florentine painter known for vivid colors; painted both mythological works ("The Birth of Venus" & "Primavera") & religious works ("The Adoration of the Magi") Papal secretary, collected manuscripts Italian sculptor renowned as a pioneer of the Renaissance style with his natural, lifelike figures, such as the bronze statue David. Massive dome on the Cathedral of Florence This Italian painter and inventor is best known for his painting called the "Mona Lisa" and "The Last Supper" Italian Renaissance painter; he painted frescos, most famous being The School of Athens Sculptures: David Paintings: Sistine Chapel ceiling, Last Judgement Painter, Rebuilt St. Peter's Basilica, Tempietta Flemish painter, who used oil paints in his "Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride." Did not reject the use of minute details, characteristics of Northern artists. "Adoration of the Magi" French King; With help of the Estates-General, he established a royal army in France and earned the right to levy the "taille" or permanent tax. (1461-1483) French king, nicknamed the"Spider King," manipulated the EstatesGeneral to gain a permanent taille, took over part of Burgandy when Charles the Bold died

Renaissance Hermeticism

Johannes Gutenberg

Sandro Botticelli

Poggio Bracciolini

Donato da Donatello

Filippo Brunelleschi

Leonardo da Vinci

Raphael

Michelangelo

Donato Bramante Jan van Eyck

Albrecht Durer

Charles VII

Louis XI

Henry VII

Defeated Richard III in the War of the Roses; and started the Tudor Dynasty Struggle for the English throne between the house of York (white rose) and the house of Lancaster (red rose) ending with the accession of the Tudor monarch Henry VII The most infamous Pope of the Renaissance; a Borgia, he used nepotism and simony to enrich himself and his family. The king and queen of Spain who funded Columbus Castille + Aragon Jews and Muslims who converted to Christianity, either willingly or unwillingly, following the Christian takeover of Spain He stated that the Bible was the sole authority and stressed a personal communion with God; his followers were known as the lollards He spoke out against corruption in the church and was burned at the stake in Prague, the capital of Bohemia, in 1415 Followers = Hussites "Warrior Pope". Sponsored Michaelangelo to paint the Sistine Chapel. Used Nepotism to promote his own family in the church Pope who excommunicated Martin Luther and tried to stop the spread of lutheranism. Sold indulgences

War of the Roses

Alexander VI

Isabella and Ferdinand

Conversos

Wyclif

John Hus

Pope Julius II Sixtus IV

Leo X

Renaissance economic developments Foreign occupiers Renaissance education

Taxes brought higher rates of income for the government

Slaves Schools were opened for boys and men in which pupils studied roman history, philosophy etc. For high status women, private tutoring was attainable Black Death had made open jobs that could not be filled by skilled workers. Also brought by Spanish inquisitions Platonic philosophy based upon a hierarchy of substances and a theory of spiritual love

Renaissance Slavery

Neoplatonism