Production of n-propanol Nomenclature

i

NOMENCLATURES



a
Specific interface surface, area/packing volume
3 2
/ m m
A
a

Active area of plate
2
m

w
a Effective interfacial area of packing per unit volume
3 2
/ m m
A
ap

Clearance area under apron
2
m

A
cs
Tube cross-sectional area m
2

A
c

Total column cross sectional area
2
m

A
d

Downcomer cross - sectional area
2
m

A
h

Total hole area
2
m

A
n

Net area available for vapour liqud disengagement
2
m

A
p

Perforated area
2
m

A Column area m
b
A Area of one bolt at the roof of the thread
mm
C
o
Orifice coefficient -
S
C Design factor
-
C
p
heat capacity mm
T
C Total Concentration
3
/ m kmol
D

Mols of distillate per unit time
2
/ s m

d
h
Hole diameter

c
D Diameter of the column

i
D Diameter of the cylinder

L
D Liquid diffusivity s m /
2

m
D Mean diameter
m
m
m
m

Production of n-propanol Nomenclature


ii

0
D Out diameter
m
s
D

Shell diameter
m

e
D

Shell side equivalent diameter
m

d
i
Inside tube diameter
m
d
o
Outside tube diameter
m

p
d
Diameter of packing
mm
E
mv

Plate efficiency -
E
Young Modulus
2 1
/ s m kg

e Minimum thickness mm
f
Maximum allowable stress
2
/ mm N
1
f Viscosity correction factor -
'
c
f Actual baring pressure
2
/ mm N
LV
F Flow Factor -
p
F
Packing Factor
1
m
w
F Loading due to wind pressure m N /
t
F

Temperature correction factor -
m
G Molar gas flow-rate per unit cross section area s m kmol
2
/
g
Gravitational Acceleration
2
/ s m
h
ap

Apron clearance
2
/ s m

h
b

Height of liquid back up in down comer m

h
bc

Down comer back up in term of clear liquid head m

h
d

Dry plate pressure drop, head of liquid m

h
dc

Head loss in down comer m

H
v
Height between tangent m

h
ow

Height of liquid crest over down comer weir m

h
r

Plate residual pressure drop m

h
t
Total plate pressure drop m

h
i
Tube side heat transfer coefficient
W/m
2
K

Production of n-propanol Nomenclature


iii

h
s
Shell side heat transfer coefficient
W/m
2
K
h
w
Wall heat transfer coefficient
W/m
2
K
h
w
Weir height m

I
w
Weir length m

u
I Second moment
2
/ mm N
I
p

Pitch of holes (distance between centre) m

J Joint factor -
j
h
Heat transfer factor -
j
f
Friction factor -
L Tube length
m
I
b
Baffle spacing
m
b
L Base baring width mm
m
L Molar liquid flow-rate per cross section area s m kmol
2
/
L
w

Liquid flow rate s m /
3

L
wd

Liquid mass flow rate
s kg/

mw Molecular weight kmol kg/
x
M Bending moment Nm
n Number of mole -
N
m

Minimum number of stages -
N
T

Theoretical number of stages -
b
N Number of bolts -
P Pressure bar
Apt

Total plate pressure drop
2
/ ms kg

p
t
Tube pitch m

i
P Internal pressure bar
P
o

Partial pressure
2
/ ms kg

Q Heat transfer kJ/s
q

Heat to vaporize one mol of feed divided by molar latent
heat
-

Production of n-propanol Nomenclature


iv

R Gas constant k kmol m bar /
3

R

Reflux ratio -
R
m
Minimum reflux ratio -
b
t Thickness of base ring m
t

Thickness of plate (shell) m

t
S

Skirt thickness m


Viscosity
2
/ m Ns
m c
T
,

Critical Temperature of mixture K
lm
T A

Temperature difference between fluids -
T Temperature different C
u
t
tube velocity
m/s
u
s
shell velocity
m/s
U Overall heat transfer W/m
2
K
U
a
Vapour velocity based on active area s m/

U
f
Vapour velocity through holes s m/

U
v
Superficial velocity (based on total cross sectional area) s m/

V Volume
3
m
x
i

Mole fraction of component
x
d

Mole fraction of component in distillate
w V
*
Gas mass flow-rate per unit column cross-section area s m kg
2
/
v
W Total weight of the shell
N
w
Density of water
3
/ m kg
mix

Density of mixture gases
3
/ m kg

v
Density of vapor
3
/ m kg
|
h

L
H factor
-
e Ancentric factor -
h

G
H factor
-
b
o
Bending stress
2
/ mm N

Production of n-propanol Nomenclature


v





o
w

Dead weight stress
2
/ mm N

o
cw
Compressive stress
2
/ mm N

o
ws
Stress in skirt due to weight of vessel
2
/ mm N