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Candidate: Trn Nht Quang

Globalization: opportunities and challenges of Vietnam


Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-being in societies around the world. The United Nations ESCWA says globalization "is a widely-used term that can be defined in a number of different ways. When used in an economic context, it refers to the reduction and removal of barriers between national borders in order to facilitate the flow of goods, capital, services and labour... although considerable barriers remain to the flow of labor... Globalization is not a new phenomenon. It began towards the end of the nineteenth century, but it slowed down during the period from the start of the First World War until the third quarter of the twentieth century. This slowdown can be attributed to the inward-looking policies pursued by a number of countries in order to protect their respective industries... however, the pace of globalization picked up rapidly during the fourth quarter of the twentieth century..." Globalization has various aspects which affect Vietnam in many different ways: Economy, Culture, Society, Ecology,

The first side of globalization we think about is economy. This is the huge change for Vietnam to develop the agriculture, industry, tourism, commercial, "Globalization" give us the benefit of worldwide trade and exchanges in an increasingly open, integrated, and borderless international economy. There has been remarkable growth in such trade and exchanges, not only in traditional international trade in goods and services, but also in exchanges of currencies, in capital movements, in technology transfer, in people moving through international travel and migration, and in international flows of information and ideas. Technological advances that have significantly lowered the costs of transportation and communication and dramatically lowered the costs of data processing and information storage and retrieval comprise one such source. The latter stems from developments over the last few decades in electronics, especially the microchip and computer revolutions. Electronic mail, the Internet, and the World Wide Web are some of the manifestations of this new technology. The

state of Vietnam encourages technology development and transfer. All organisations, individuals as technology property owners or authorised by the technology owners in technology transfer shall be encouraged to technology transfer and entitled to capital contribution in technology in investment projects in Vietnam. Vietnam has been active in investing in basic infrastructure for technology market, providing information of, disseminating, demonstrating and introducing technology; and participating in exhibitions in country and abroad. The second source of globalization economy is trade liberalization and other forms of economic liberalization that have led to reductions in trade protection and to a more liberal world trading system. The third source of globalization is comprised of changes in institutions, where organizations have a wider reach, due, in part, to technological changes and to the more wideranging horizons of their managers, empowered by advances in communications. global reach. These changes in industrial structure have led to increases in the power, profits and productivity of those firms that can choose among many nations for their sources of materials, production facilities and markets, quickly adjusting to changing market conditions.

The next integral aspect is culture. Globalization does bring convenience and comfort to Vietnamese people. Now we can enjoy goods and services with high quality and competitive prices as many foreign companies join our market. Advances in communication help eradicate geographic borders among countries and therefore connect our world. Especially, globalization shortens the long-standing distance among different cultures. For example, right here in Vietnam, we can watch latest movies made in Hollywood: Avatar, New Moon, 2012 We can read famous books written by authors from US, UK, EU, Japan, China We cant help from observe the appearance of restaurants serving Thai, Italian, Chinese, Japanese, American, Latin American food in Ho Chi Minh City. Moreover, globalization is fast and useful ways to present Vietnamese culture to the whole wide world. However, that does not means globalization does no harm to the culture of our country. One of the most concerning problems caused by globalization is the dominance of foreign culture on Vietnamese life. Simply put, people lose theirs traditional values and begin to identify with the culture of dominant nations. They may discard or neglect their native language and dress as they attempt to copy the icons of mass-market entertainment and fashion (Schaefer, R.T.(2006), Sociology: A Brief Introduction, 6th edition, McGraw Hill).

Another important face of globalization is social affect. We have the benefit from new equipment, technology to care Vietnamese health. There have been changes in disease patterns in Viet Nam with the rapid reduction of infectious, communicable diseases particularly vaccinepreventable diseases of children. The risks of dengue, malaria, pneumonia and water-related diseases, however, remain high because the public health environment and sanitation have not been improved yet. In the period of the development of economy and society, some health problems are emerging such as injury, cancer and heart diseases especially health problems caused by drug, tobacco. Beside the health, religion can not be ignored. Religious secularization is closely attached to the development and advancement of society. It is the entry into the life of any religion through participation in non-religious activities including social, ethnic, educational, and medical causes, all to help the community. The religious world is the reflection of the real world. When the economic foundation of the society changes, religions sooner or later will change too.

Last but not least, Vietnames ecology is also affected. Not like above elements, ecology takes more challenges to Vietnam. Current globalization trends have caused a large negative impact on the environment. Vietnams environment is contaminated by timeless transfer technology, waste and exhaust fumes of industrial zone. Since North American businesses have to compete with other countries with cheaper labour, they face increasing pressure on their profit margins. Also, many countries that have cheaper labour like Vietnam also do not have the same environmental protections placed on their industry. These two factors make many business very conservative in their spending of environmental protection measures. Those businesses instead lobby government to prevent additional environmental initiatives so that they can remain competitive. As new business emerge, the effect is cumulative pollution. The net effect of globalization is yearly increases in environmental damage.

Vietnam wants to make friends with all countries in the international community. Vietnam bypassed the stage of capitalist development to advance to socialism and therefore could not avoid experiencing the initial steps of the market economy. Meanwhile, under new circumstances, globalization has brought the impacts of capitalism in its final stages on Vietnam. The combined impacts of these factors have complicated social life, resulting in opportunities and challenges while Vietnam has to cope with economic globalization. However, with the depth of national history and the effort of Vietnamese people, Vietnam have the full possibility of seizing opportunities, overcoming challenges of globalization.

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