What is an Adverb?

An adverb can modify a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a phrase, or a clause[clausula, oracion). An adverb indicates manner[manera,modo,clase), time, place, cause[causa,motivo,razon), or degree and answers questions such as "how," "when," "where," "how much". While some adverbs can be identified by their characteristic "ly" suffix[sufijo), most of them must be identified by untangling[desenredar) the grammatical relationships within the sentence or clause as a whole. Unlike[a diferencia) an adjective, an adverb can be found in various places within[dentro) the sentence. In the following examples, each of the highlighted[destacado,subrayado) words is an adverb: The seamstress [costurera)quickly made the mourning[luto) clothes. In this sentence, the adverb "quickly" modifies the verb "made" and indicates in what manner (or how fast) the clothing was constructed. The midwives[parteras) waited patiently through a long labour.[trabajo de parto prolongado) Similarly in this sentence, the adverb "patiently" modifies the verb "waited" and describes the manner in which the midwives waited. The boldly spoken words would return to haunt the rebel. In this sentence the adverb "boldly" modifies the adjective "spoken." We urged him to dial the number more expeditiously. Here the adverb "more" modifies the adverb "expeditiously." Unfortunately, the bank closed at three today. In this example, the adverb "unfortunately" modifies the entire sentence. A clause is a collection of grammatically-related words including a predicate and a subject (though sometimes the subject is implied). A collection of grammatically-related words without a subject or without a predicate is called a phrase. Clauses are the building blocks of sentences: every sentence consists of one or more clauses. This chapter will help you to recognise and (more importantly) to use different types of clauses in your own writing. Determiners are used in front of nouns to indicate whether you are referring to something specific or something of a particular type.

Determiners are different to pronouns in that a determiner is always followed by a noun. Therefore personal pronouns ( I , you , he , etc.) and possessive pronouns (mine, yours, his, etc.) cannot be determiners. The definite and indefinite articles a/an/the are all determiners. You use a specific determiner when people know exactly which thing(s) or person/people you are talking about. The specific determiners are: the definite article : the demonstratives : this, that, these, those possessives : my, your, his, her, its, our, their For example:"The dog barked at the boy." "These apples are rotten." "Their bus was late." You use general determiners to talk about people or things without saying exactly who or what they are. The general determiners are: the indefinite articles : a, an few fewer a few both less a little each little all either many another enough more any every most much For example:"A man sat under an umbrella." "Have you got any English books that I could have?" "There is enough food to feed everyone."

neither no other several some

Gramtica inglesa en espaol SUSTANTIVO: Contables Clasificamos pues en el grupo de contables todos los nombres que forman elementos individuales por s mismos y que pueden formar grupos con otros elementos del mismo tipo y por tanto ser enumerados.eje: gafas, lpices, e incontables En el grupo de incontables incluimos generalmente todas las sustancias y materias y tambin las cualidades "abstractas": Sal, azcar, agua, madera, plomo, hierro, plata, vino, pobreza, riqueza, msica, dinero (en trminos genricos, no as las monedas o billetes), etc. Ojo. Decimos que es incontable la sal, pero no as un paquete de sal. Decimos que es incontable el hierro, pero no as una viga de hierro. Decimos que es incontable la leche, pero no as una botella de leche. USOS - Los sustativos incontables tienen nicamente forma singular. Salt / Sal Money / Dinero Wood / Madera - Los nombres incontables no se pueden acompaar con el artculo a / an. Deben ir precedidos si quieren individualizarse de alguna palabra con valor partitivo: A piece of bread / Un trozo de pan A glass of wine / Un vaso de vino A cup of tea / Una taza de t - Un poco lioso?, pues ahora viene lo mejor. Cuidadn, porque algunos sustantivos pueden ser contables e incontables dependiendo de la funcin que desempean.

Cake

A piece of cake

Paper

A Paper ( a newspaper)

Cake (Tarta, pastel) es incontable, pues indica una sustancia. A piece of cake (un trozo de tarta, un pastel) es en cambio contable pues lo individualiza e identifica como un elemento concreto.

Paper (papel) es incontable. Es en cambio contable a piece of paper (una hoja de papel) as como a paper, en cuyo caso est refiriendo un peridico, (tambin newspaper). Bueno, que no se nos desespere nadie que lo dificil ha acabado. - Los sustantivos contables pueden ser singulares y plurales, estando precedidos del artculo a / an en su forma singular. A House, houses / Casa, casas An apple, apples / Manzana, manzanas OTRAS DIVISIONES DE LOS SUSTANTIVOS - Nombres comunes: cat / gato, chair / silla, ship / barco - Nombres propios: Spain / Espaa, Helen / Helena - Nombres abstractos: poverty / pobreza, friendship / amistad - Nombres de sustancias / materiales: steel / acero, glass / vidrio - Nombres colectivos: team / equipo, army / ejrcito, people / gente a Los sustantivos forman el plural aadiendo la terminacin "-s": cat / cats head / heads Cuando el sustantivo presenta una de las siguientes terminaciones forma el plural aadiendo "-es": - s (focus / focuses) - ss (miss / misses) - sh (fish / fishes) - ch (stitch / stitches) - x (fox / foxes) Si el sustantivo finaliza en "-y": Tras consonante: presenta en plural la terminacin "-ies" Battery / batteries Tras vocal: forma el plural aadiendo "-s" Bay / bays Si el sustantivo termina en vocal "-o" forma el plural aadiendo "-es": Tomato / tomatoes