Security, Privacy, and Data Protection for Trusted Cloud Computing

Prof. Kai Hwang, University of Southern California

Keynote Address, International Conference on Cloud Computing (CloudCom2010) Indianapolis, Indiana Dec.3, 2010

Dec. 3, 2010

Cloud Platforms over Datacenters Cloud Infrastructure and Services Reputation-based Trust Management Data Coloring and Software Watermarking Cloud Support of The Internet of Things

Kai Hwang, USC

Handy Tools We Use over the Evolutional Periods In History

Is it safe to play with your computer, when you are naked and vulnerable ?
Dec. 3, 2010
Kai Hwang, USC 2

Top 10 Technologies for 2010

Dec. 3, 2010

Kai Hwang, USC

Web 2.0, Clouds, and Internet of Things

HPC: HighPerformance Computing

HTC: HighThroughput Computing

P2P:
Peer to Peer

MPP:
Massively Parallel Source: K. Hwang, G. Fox, and J. Dongarra, Processors

Distributed Systems and Cloud Computing,

Morgan Kaufmann, 2011 (in press to appear) Dec. 3, 2010
Kai Hwang, USC 4

Cloud Computing as A Service

[9]

Dec. 3, 2010

Kai Hwang, USC

Amazon Virtual Private Cloud VPC (http://aws.amazon.com/vpc/ )

Dec. 3, 2010

Kai Hwang, USC

vSphere 4 : An OS for Cloud Platform

Dec. 3, 2010

Kai Hwang, USC

Cloud Services Stack

Application Cloud Services Platform Cloud Services Compute & Storage Cloud Services Co-Location Cloud Services Network Cloud Services
Dec. 3, 2010
Kai Hwang, USC 8

Marc Benioff, Founder of Salesforce.com

1986 graduated from USC 1999 started salesforce.com 2003-05 appointed chairman of US Presidential IT Advisory Committee 2009 announced Force.com platform for cloud business computing

A SaaS and PaaS Cloud Provider

Dec. 3, 2010
Kai Hwang, USC 9

Ex' = X

Security and Trust Crisis

in Cloud Computing
Protecting datacenters must first secure cloud resources and uphold user privacy and data integrity. Trust overlay networks could be applied to build reputation systems for establishing the trust among interactive datacenters. A watermarking technique is suggested to protect shared data objects and massively distributed software modules. These techniques safeguard user authentication and tighten the data access-control in public clouds. The new approach could be more cost-effective than using the traditional encryption and firewalls to secure the clouds.

Dec. 3, 2010

Kai Hwang, USC

10 10

Trusted Zones for VM Insulation

Identity federatio n

Federate identities with public clouds

Control and isolate VM in the virtual infrastruct ure Segregate and control user access

Tenan t #2 Virtual Infrastructure

APP APP OS

APP OS

APP OS

Insulate Anti-malware infrastructure from Malware, Cybercrime intelligence Trojans and cybercriminals Strong authentication Insulate information from other tenants Insulate informatio n from cloud providers employees GRC
11

Virtual network security

Data loss prevention

Tenan t #1 Virtual Infrastructure

OS

Access Mgmt

Encryption & key mgmt Tokenization

Security Info. & Event Mgmt Dec. 3, 2010

Enable end to end view of security events and compliance across infrastructures
Kai Hwang, USC

Cloud Provider Physical Infrastructure Physical Infrastructure

Cloud Service Models and Their Security Demands

Cloud computing will not be accepted by common users unless the trust and dependability issues are resolved satisfactorily [1].
Dec. 3, 2010
Kai Hwang, USC 12

Data Security and Copyright Protection in A Trusted Cloud Platform

Source: Reference [3, 4] Dec. 3, 20102009 March 11,

Kai Hwang, USC Prof. Kai Hwang, USC 13

Security Protection Mechanisms for Public Clouds

Mechanism
Trust delegation and Negotiation Worm containment and DDoS Defense Reputation System Over Resource Sites Fine-grain access control Collusive Piracy prevention
Dec. 3, 2010

Brief Description
Cross certificates must be used to delegate trust across different PKI domains. Trust negotiation among different CSPs demands resolution of policy conflicts. Internet worm containment and distributed defense against DDoS attacks are necessary to secure all datacenters and cloud platforms . Reputation system could be built with P2P technology. One can build a hierarchy of reputation systems from datacenters to distributed file systems . This refers to fine-grain access control at the file or object level. This adds up the security protection beyond firewalls and intrusion detection systems . Piracy prevention achieved with peer collusion detection and content poisoning techniques .
Kai Hwang, USC 14 14

Trust Management for Protecting Cloud Resources and Safeguard Datacenter Operations [3]

Dec. 3, 2010

Kai Hwang, USC

Source: [4]

15

PowerTrust Built over A Trust Overlay Network

Global Reputation Scores V v1 Initial Reputation Aggregation Regular Random Walk v2 v3
... ... ... ...

vn Power Nodes Distributed Ranking Module

Reputation Updating Look-ahead Random Walk Local Trust Scores

Trust Overlay Network

R. Zhou and K. Hwang, PowerTrust : A scalable and robust reputation system for structured P2P networks, IEEE-TPDS, May 2007
Dec. 3, 2010
16

Kai Hwang, USC

Data Coloring via Watermarking

Dec. 3, 2010

Kai Hwang, USC

17

Color Matching To Authenticate Data

Owners and Cloud Service Providers

Dec. 3, 2010

Kai Hwang, USC

18

Architecture of The Internet of Things

Application Layer Merchandise Tracking Environment Protection Intelligent Search Telemedicine Intelligent Traffic Smart Home

Cloud Computing Platform

Network Layer

Mobile Telecom Network

The Internet

Information Network

RFID Sensing Layer RFID Label

Sensor Network

GPS

Sensor Nodes

Road Mapper

Dec. 3, 2010

Kai Hwang, USC

19

24 Satellites of GPS Deployed in Outerspace

Dec. 3, 2010

Kai Hwang, USC

20

Service-Oriented Cloud of Clouds (Intercloud or

Mashup)
Another Grid

Raw Data
S S

Data

Information

Knowledge
Another Grid
S S

Wisdom Decisions

SS Filter Cloud SS

fs fs fs fs
Filter Service Filter Service

Another Service

SS
fs

fs

fs fs fs

SS SS

fs

Filter Cloud SS

fs fs

Filter Service

Another Grid

SS
S S S S

S S

S S

Compute Cloud

Database

Geoffrey Fox: Cloud of clouds -- from Raw Data to Wisdom. SS = Sensor service, fs = filter services
Dec. 3, 2010
Kai Hwang, USC 21

S S fs fs fs

S S

Discovery Cloud Filter Cloud

Filter Cloud
fs fs fs fs

fs
Filter Service

fs fs fs

Discovery Cloud

fs

Filter Cloud

Filter Cloud

Traditional Grid with exposed services

S S

S S

S S

S S

S S

S S

Storage Cloud

Sensor or Data Interchange Service

Supply Chain Management

supported by the Internet of Things.
( http://www.igd.com)

Dec. 3, 2010

Kai Hwang, USC

22

Facebook Applications
(550 Millions users registered today)

Dec. 3, 2010

Kai Hwang, USC

23

Mobility Support and Security Measures for Mobile Cloud Computing

Cloud Service Models Infrastructure Cloud (The IaaS Model) Platform Cloud (The PaaS Model)

Mobility Support and Data Protection Methods

Special air interfaces Mobile API design File/Log access control Data coloring Wireless PKI , User authentication, Copyright protection Disaster recovery

Hardware and Software Measures for Cloud Security

Hardware/software root of trust, Provisioning of virtual machines, Software watermarking Host-based firewalls and IDS Network-based firewalls and IDS Trust overlay network Reputation system OS patch management

Dec. 3, 2010

Kai Hwang, USC

24

Cloudlets- A trusted, VM-based, and Resource-Rich

Portal for Upgrading Mobile Devices with Cognitive Abilities for Mobile access of the cloud to explore Location-Aware Cloud Applications such as :
Opportunity Discovery, Fast Information Processing, and Intelligent Decision Making on The Road, etc.

Source: The Case of VM-based Cloudlets in Mobile Computing, IEEE Pervasive Computing, Vol.8, No. 4, April 2009
Dec. 3, 2010
Kai Hwang, USC 25

Conclusions:
Computing clouds are changing the whole IT , service industry, and global economy. Clearly, cloud computing demands ubiquity, efficiency, security, and trustworthiness. Cloud computing has become a common practice in business, government, education, and entertainment leveraging 50 millions of servers globally installed at thousands of datacenters today.

Private clouds will become widespread in addition to using a few

public clouds, that are under heavy competition among Google, MS, Amazon, Intel, EMC, IBM, SGI, VMWare, Saleforce.com, etc.

Effective trust management, guaranteed security, user privacy,

data integrity, mobility support, and copyright protection are crucial to the universal acceptance of cloud as a ubiquitous service.

Dec. 3, 2010

Kai Hwang, USC

26

Table 1:

Cloud Security Responsibilities by Providers and Users

Source: Reference [4] Dec. 3, 2010

Kai Hwang, USC 27

Cloud Computing Service Provider Priorities

Ensure confidentiality, integrity, and
availability in a multi-tenant environment.

Effectively meet the advertised SLA,

while optimizing cloud resource utilization.

Offer tenants capabilities for selfservice, and achieve scaling through automation and simplification.

Dec. 3, 2010

Kai Hwang, USC

28

Using Twitter Crowd to Check Weather Conditions in Remote Cities

Dec. 3, 2010

Kai Hwang, USC

29

Measured Patient Data Transferred to Doctor Using a Wireless Sensor Network.

IOT Telemedicine Applications:

Dec. 3, 2010

Kai Hwang, USC

30

Opportunities of IOT in 3 Dimensions

Dec. 3, 2010

Kai Hwang, USC

31

Smart Power Grid

Dec. 3, 2010

Kai Hwang, USC

32

Public, Private and Hybrid Clouds

Dec. 3, 2010

Kai Hwang, USC

33

Cloud Providers, Services and Security Measures

Kai Hwang and Deyi Li, Trusted Cloud Computing with Secure Resources and Data Coloring, IEEE Internet Computing, Sept. 2010
Dec. 3, 2010
Kai Hwang, USC 34

The Internet of Things Smart Earth:

Internet of Things (IOT)

Smart Earth

An IBM Dream

Dec. 3, 2010

Kai Hwang, USC

35

Enabling and Synergistic Technologies for Building The Internet of Things

Enabling Technologies
Table 9.3 Enabling and Synergistic Technologies for The IoT

Synergistic Technologies
Geo-tagging/geo-caching Biometrics Machine vision Robotics Augmented reality Telepresence and autonomy Life recorders and personal assistant Tangible user interfaces Clean technologies Mirror worlds

Machine-to-machine interfaces Cloud Computing Services. Microcontrollers Wireless communication Radio frequency iden. (RFID) Energy harvesting technologies Sensors and sensor networks Actuators Location technology (GPS) Software engineering
Dec. 3, 2010

Kai Hwang, USC

36