A limit switch is used to stop the motion of a machine slide or element once it reaches a fixed point.

An example of limit switch use is in machining components on automatic machine tools like lathes and special purpose machines. Attributes like holes, bores, etc. have a fixed depth. Once the cutting tool has to cut through the required depth, the slide must be stopped or else it will dash against the component sides.

Working of a limit switch The basic limit switch has a spring-loaded push button connected to an electrical circuit. When the push button (actuator) is pushed inside it trips or activates the electrical circuit. The electrical circuit then signals a machine element to stop or start its motion. Once the pressure on the push button is removed, it comes back to its original position and is ready for the next cycle. Selection of a limit switch Limit switches are classified based on their actuating mechanism and application. The limit switch may be operated by mechanical power, electricity, pneumatic or hydraulic. The types of limit switches are many and some of them are: linear limit switch, programmable limit switch, plunger switch, limit micro switch, mechanical SPST switch, solid state DPDT switch, SPST mechanical switch, low cost roller carriage, limit switch DPDT, mechanical switch SPST, programmable type, electrical high limit switch, micro limit switch, etc. Actuator heads: Fixed type with back and forward motion or rotary type. Casing: The limit switch assembly is enclosed in casings that have to conform to NEMA standards. They can be made of plastic or metal. The actuating levers are available in various types like lever type spring return; push roller spring return, side push vertical roller, and side push horizontal roller. A careful selection must be done depending on the type of design and requirement. Torque force to operate (maximum and minimum): This attribute ensures that the machine operator does not trip the limit switch due to accidental contact. Travel to operate: This refers to the maximum distance the actuator has to depress before the limit switch operates. The maximum throw of the limit switch. Travel to reset: The distance or length of travel for the switch to reset to its initial state and work again. After the contact pressure is removed, the limit switch returns back to its initial position.

Applications Limit switches are used in automatic machine tools to control the carriage and toll slide movement.

They are typically used in capstan and turret lathes, radial drills, milling and boring machines, grinding machines, honing, gun drilling, crank shaft and cam grinding machines, heat treatment equipment, machine door guards, etc.

They are also used in scissor lifts, conveyor systems, transfer machines, material packing and handling equipment, elevators, escalators, hoists and cranes, industrial trucks and tractors, cranes and hoists, overhead door limit switches, and general safety equipment.