Reaction Stoichiometry

Name: Yara Sayegh Subject: Chemistry Submitted to: Ms. Lady Maalouf Date: May 11, 2011 Class: IB-1

*Purpose:

Yara Sayegh ; 000829016

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the mass of calcium carbonate obtained from the reaction between calcium chloride and sodium carbonate.

*Apparatus/Equipment/Materials:
- 3 beakers (250 mL) - 2 spatulas - balance ( 0.1) - filtration setup - 1 funnel - ring stand - filter paper - stirring rod - sodium carbonate - calcium chloride - distilled water

*Procedure:
1. 4.0 g of calcium chloride (111 g/mol) were weighed out and dissolved in 100 mL of distilled water. 2. 6.0 g of sodium carbonate (106 g/mol) were weighed out and dissolved in 100 mL of distilled water. 3. The sodium carbonate solution was poured into the beaker containing the calcium chloride solution. 4. The mixture was stirred. Then the filtration apparatus was set up. The filter paper was weighed and then the mixture was filtered. The beaker was rinsed and the contents in the funnel were emptied. After the precipitate was washed with distilled water several times. 5. The filter paper with the precipitate was placed aside. It was left for the next lab session. 6. Lastly, the dry filter paper with the precipitate was weighed.
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Yara Sayegh ; 000829016

*Data Collection:

Table 1: Data Collection (Mass, Volume, Appearance, etc)

CaCl2 Mass ( 0.1 g) Amount of Distilled Water Dissolved in (Volume of Solution) Limiting or Excess Reagent Mass of Filter Paper + Precipitate (CaCO3) (after filtration) ( 0.1 g) Appearance Before Dissolved in Distilled Water Appearance After Dissolved in Distilled Water 4.0 g 100 mL

Na2CO3 6.0 g 100 mL

Filter Paper 2.2 g ----------------

Limiting Reagent

Excess Reagent

---------------4.8 g

---------------- ----------------

Powdery White

Powdery White

----------------

Foggy and Foggy and Whitish/Particles Whitish/Particles ---------------Visible Clear Visible Clear Solution Solution When Na2CO3 solution was added to CaCl2 solution a very white/milky solution was formed while filtering the solution a white residue/precipitate (CaCO3) was observed remaining in the filter paper

Figure 1: Filtration Process

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Yara Sayegh ; 000829016

*Data Processing/Data Analysis:

Mass of Precipitate (CaCO3) Formed after Filtering the Na2CO3 CaCl2 Solution

= Mass of Filter Paper and Precipitate Mass of Filter Paper = 4.8 g 2.2 g = 2.6 g ( 0.1 g) of precipitate (CaCO3) were formed. Calculating the Limiting & Excess Reagents

? g CaCl2 = 6.0 g Na2CO3

= 6.28 g CaCl2 are required to react with 6.0 g Na2CO3 CaCl2 is the limiting reagent because 6.28 g CaCl2 are required to react with 6.0 g Na2CO3 while only 4.0 g CaCl2 are available. Therefore, Na2CO3 is in excess (the excess reagent).

? mol CaCl2 = 4.0 g CaCl2

= 0.036 mol CaCl2

# mol CaCO3 = 0.036 mol CaCl2 (since it is the limiting reagent & the ratio is 1:1)
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Yara Sayegh ; 000829016

? g CaCO3 = 0.036 mol CaCO3 x

= 3.6 g CaCO3

Percent Yield =

x 100

x 100

= 72.22%

*Conclusion:
In conclusion, this experiment allowed us to visualize the formation of a precipitate, which in this case was CaCO3, and calculate its mass after filtering a mixture consisting of two solutions. Moreover, it allowed us to further our knowledge concerning the process of filtration, as well as developed our skills in observation, analysis, and stoichiometric calculations.

*Evaluation & Improvements:

In general, the experiment was nearly perfect. However, in order to improve the experiment as a whole, as well as its accuracy and reliability, more accurate balances can be used as well as purer forms of the substances and solutions. Also the use of desiccators would play a significant role in keeping the precipitate formed in a nearly absolute pure form which would therefore lead to a more accurate reading of the mass of precipitate obtained.

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