ARCHITECTURE & ARTS Greek words: ARCHI = first or original and TECT = the ability to put things together

Sanskrit root : ARTS = everything in its right place THEORY IN GENERAL Analysis of a set of facts in relation to one another Belief, policy or procedure proposed or followed as basis of action An ideal or hypothetical set of facts, principles or circumstances of a body of fact on science or art A plausible or scientifically accepted general principle or body of principles offered to explain phenomenon Forms/Types of Theory Descriptive: Explains phenomenon or events; neutral and do not lean towards any ideology Prescriptive: Prescribes bases or guidelines Critical: Challenges relationships between architecture & society ARCHITECTURAL THEORY Essence and Composition A collection of thoughts, view, ideas Organized by theme or topic Evolution of thoughts There is not a grand theory or unified theory of architecture; it is a combination of various thoughts, speculations, concepts Form

In a conceptual form Needs to be translated From concepts to reality Discussed, tested, developed

ESSENCE OF ARCHITECTURE Architecture is the process that we instinctively recognize as the genius of growth and creation It gives form to the invisible pulses and rhythm of life The physical manifestation of the power is a consequence of the desire for the invisible to be made visible ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS The Architecture of

Space Structure Enclosure

Experienced through

Movement in Space-Time

Organizational pattern, relationships, hierarchy Qualities of shape, color, texture, scale, proportion Qualities of surfaces, edges and openings Approach and entry Path configuration and access Sequence of spaces Light, view, touch, hearing and smell
Theory of Architectural Design Page 1 of 11

Theory 1 M. Ticao

Achieved by means of

Technology

Accommodating a

Program

Compatible with its

Context

Structure and enclosure Environmental protection and comfort Health, safety and welfare Durability User requirements, needs, aspirations Socio-cultural factors Economic factors Legal restraints Historical tradition & precedents Site and environment Climate: sun, wind, temperature and precipitation Geography: soils, topography, vegetation and water Sensory and cultural characteristics of the place

SPATIAL SYSTEM

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

Theory 1 M. Ticao

Theory of Architectural Design Page 2 of 11

ENCLOSURE SYSTEM

CIRCULATION SYSTEM

CONTEXT

Theory 1 M. Ticao

Theory of Architectural Design Page 3 of 11

ARCHITECTURAL ORDERS Architectural Orders Physical Form and Space Solids &Voids Interior & Exterior System and Organization of: Space Structure Enclosure Machines Approach & Departure Entry & Egress Movement through the order of spaces Functioning of activities within spaces Qualities of light, color, texture, view & sound Images Patterns Signs Symbols Context (space, form, function, techniques)

Perceptual

Sensory perception & recognition of the physical elements by experiencing them sequentially in time

Conceptual

Comprehension of the ordered and disordered relationships among a buildings elements and systems and responding to the meanings they evoke

ELEMENTS OF DESIGN Point

The two ends of a line The intersection of two lines The meeting of lines at the corner of a plane or volume The center of a field

Line A point extended becomes a line with properties of: Length Direction Position Plane A line extended becomes a plane with properties of: Length and width Shape Surface Orientation Position Volume A plane extended becomes a volume with properties of: Length, width, depth Form and space Surface Orientation Position
Theory 1 M. Ticao Theory of Architectural Design Page 4 of 11

ARCHITECTURAL FORM is the point of contact between mass and space Form Properties of Form: Shape Size Color Texture Position Orientation Visual Inertia Space Definition

Theory 1 M. Ticao

Theory of Architectural Design Page 5 of 11

FORM TRANSFORMTION Dimensional Transformation: a form can be transformed by altering one or more of its dimensions and still retain its identity as a member of a family of forms. A cube, for example, can be transformed into similar prismatic forms through discrete changes in height, length or width.

Subtractive Transformation: a form can be transformed by subtracting a portion of its volume. Depending on the extent of the subtractive process, the form can still retain its initial identity or be transformed into a form of another family.

Additive Transformation: a form can be transformed by the addition of elements to its volume. The nature of the additive process and the number and relative sizes of the elements being attached determine whether the identity of the initial form is altered or retained.

FORM AND SPACE Spatial Relationships Space within a Space Interlocking Spaces Adjacent Spaces Spaces linked by a Common Space
Theory 1 M. Ticao Theory of Architectural Design Page 6 of 11

Spatial Organization Centralized Organization: a number of secondary forms clustered about a dominant, central parentform

Linear Organization: a series of forms arranged sequentially in a row

Theory 1 M. Ticao

Theory of Architectural Design Page 7 of 11

Radial Organization: a composition of linear forms extending outward from a central form in a radial manner

Clustered Organization: a collection of forms grouped together by proximity or the sharing of a common visual trait.

Theory 1 M. Ticao

Theory of Architectural Design Page 8 of 11

Grid Organization: a set of modular forms related and regulated by a three-dimensional grid

ELEMENTS OF CIRCULATION Approach: the distant view; the first phase of the circulation system during which we are prepared to see, experience and use the building

Entrance: from outside to inside; may be flushed, projected or recessed

Theory 1 M. Ticao

Theory of Architectural Design Page 9 of 11

Configuration of Path: the sequence of spaces ; can be linear, radial, spiral, grid, network or composite

SPATIAL THEORIES Anthropocentrism: the human being is the most important entity in the universe. The world is perceived according to the values and experiences of the human being. Anthropomorphism: human qualities are associated with non-human entities/events. Qualities such as form, values and emotions. Anthropometrics: study of measurements of the human body

Ergonomics: an applied science concerned with the characteristics of people that need to be considered in the design of devices and systems in order that people and things will interact effectively and safely.

Theory 1 M. Ticao

Theory of Architectural Design Page 10 of 11

Proxemics: The study of the symbolic and communicative role of the spatial separation individuals maintain in various social and interpersonal situations, and how the nature and degree of this spatial arrangement relates to environmental and cultural factors.

Spatial illusions through: Changes in levels Bringing outside in Borrowing views Use of glass and light materials Multiplicity of functions Two-dimensional treatments Use of color

Theory 1 M. Ticao

Theory of Architectural Design Page 11 of 11