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Contents
1 Overview of Coverage Problem ................................................................................................................ 1 2 Main Causes of Coverage Problem & Solutions...................................................................................... 3 2.1 Causes of weak coverage & solution ................................................................................................ 3 2.2 Causes of over coverage & solution.................................................................................................. 3 2.3 Causes of coverage without main serving cell & solution ................................................................ 3 3 Procedures of Handling Coverage Problem............................................................................................. 5 4 Typical Cases .............................................................................................................................................. 7 4.1 Poor coverage at cold storage warehouse ......................................................................................... 7 4.2 Poor coverage of a BTS .................................................................................................................... 8 4.3 Handle shrunk coverage .................................................................................................................... 9 4.4 Coverage shrinking after BTS starts operation ............................................................................... 10 4.5 High handover failure rate due to skip-zone coverage .................................................................... 11
Start
Are radio parameters set reasonable? Yes If strong interference source exists? No Any hardware problem? No Any problem with antenna system ? No
No
Make adjustment
Yes
Eliminate interference
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
4 Typical Cases
4.1 Poor coverage at cold storage warehouse
Problem description Subscribers complained about the poor coverage around a cold storage warehouse of animal foodstuff; it was difficult to detect signal even when they were not far from the warehouse. Problem analysis According to subscribers complaint, we confirmed there was problem with coverage around the warehouse. We found all radio parameters of the site were set correct at OMCR. Statistical report showed that idle data of interference band and UL/DL quality data distribution were normal. Hardware operated normally, as shown in OMCR warning report. Hardware engineers went to the site and checked the system of the BTS, tested amplifier's power and VSWR, they were all shown normal. Connection between equipment was correct. Antenna azimuth and down-tilt were all set reasonable. Through DT on site, network engineers found that the signal strength of the antenna main lobe was weak, while that of the side lobes was stronger, so they tentatively confirmed the problem was due to antenna fault. Problem handling After the antenna was replaced with a new one, the coverage improved greatly, so did the speech quality. Contrast of DL level before and after replacement of antenna:
Fig 4-1
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Problem handling After we confirmed there was nothing wrong with parameters and equipment, we suggested adjustment on equipment of Cell2 (which had only 1 TRX) (to bypass CDU combiner and reduce pathloss). Contrast of power before and after adjustment:
Contrast of power before and after adjustment After power adjustment 32Wpower after CDU
Contrast of test data before and after adjustment After adjustment Cell X Outdoor level76~86 Good speech quality Indoor level86~96 Normal speech with a little noise.
kind of BTS can cover a distance of 4km. The coverage of this BTS (ARFCN 124) became smaller. At place 1km away from the BTS, the MS receive level dropped to bellow -85dBm. The BTS has been operating for 2 years, but the rack dust shelter has never been cleaned ever since the beginning. After we took out the dust gauze, we saw plenty of dust, which greatly abated the rack fans ability to ventilate and chill equipment and hindered TRX, PA and combiner to radiate heat, thus their normal operation was affected. Problem handling We took down and cleaned the dust gauze, then reinstalled it. From analysis of a new round of DT of the same area, we found the coverage improved greatly than before. MS receive level at the former place increased by 510dB.
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Fig 4-2
Site distribution
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