Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol [TCP/IP]

Protocol : It is a pre defined set of rules applied on the network, how the data is transmitted from source to destination.

TCP/IP : It is a basic communication protocol suite. Which defines how data will reach from source to destination.

OSI Model Application Layer Presentation Layer Session Layer Transport Layer Network Layer Data Link Layer Physical Layer

TCP/IP Model Application Layer Transport Layer Internet Layer Network Access Layer

1. Network Access Layer : It is the lowest layer in TCP/IP model It contains two sub layers a. MAC Sub layer b. Physical Sub layer In this layer no protocols are used except proprietary protocols. NETWORK ESSENTIALS

Proprietary protocols: The protocols which are hidden by the proprietors are called proprietary protocols.

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2. Internet Layer : In internet layer 5 protocols will work a. b. c. d. e. IP ARP RARP ICMP IGMP

a.IP Protocol (Internet Protocol): Connection less oriented protocol Not reliable NO error checking It is also called as UDP Protocol No Acknowledgement No Guarantee for data

b. ARP Protocol (Address Resolution Protocol ) : ARP Protocol is used to translate the IP addresses to the MAC addresses.

c.RARP Protocol (Reverse Addresses Resolution Protocol ) : This protocol is used to resolve IP address from MAC address.

d.ICMP ( Internet Control Message Protocol ): This protocol is used to display the query, warning and error messages to the sender. PING command is the example of ICMP protocol. This command is used to check the connectivity between two deceives in a network.

e.IGMP ( Internet Group Message Protocol ): This protocol is used for multicasting i.e. to transmit a particular message to a group of users at the same time. Class D IP addresses are used for multicasting.

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NETWORK ESSENTIALS

3. Transport Layer In transport layer 3 protocols will work : a. TCP b. UDP c. SCTP

Differences between TCP & UDP : TCP + It is a connection oriented. communication. + Receives acknowledgement acknowledgement + Guarantee for Data + Reliable + More payload + Send data sequencially + It is Slow + Examples: HTTP , FTP UDP + It is a connection less + Does not receive + No Guarantee for data + Not Reliable + Less payload + Send data randomly + It is faster + DNS, VOIP

SCTP ( Stream Control Transmission Protocol) : It is a reliable connection oriented protocol. It is used to transmit multiple streams of data at a time. It is mostly used in wireless technology.

In this layer 6 protocols will work : a. b. c. d. e. f. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol ( SMTP) File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP ) Domain Naming System ( DNS ) Network File Sharing ( NFS ) Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP )

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NETWORK ESSENTIALS

4. Application Layer

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol : This protocol is responsible to send the mails through network and internet.

File Transfer Protocol : It is used to upload and download the files from the server.

Simple Network Management Protocol : This protocol will display the network statics like : Status of Every Device in the network Status of each port No. of pockets sent and received Error and warning messages and so on.

Domain Naming System : It is a service which resolves fully qualified domain name to IP and IP to domain name. Example : www. Google.com

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Network File Sharing Service : It is used to share the files between windows and Linux operating system.

Traivel File Transfer Protocol : This protocol is used to communication between diskless workstations and servers. NETWORK ESSENTIALS

Port Number : A port number is a program which will help to identify a particular process or service in a system. The port numbers are assigned by IANA ( Internet Assigned Numbers Authority ). Totally there are 0 65,535 port numbers are there.

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