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Chapter 19: Cultural Diversity

Subcultures have similarities with the dominant culture but also have unique life patterns, values, and norms that represent various ethnic, religious, and other groups with distinct characteristics from the dominant culture Ethnicity refers to a shared identity related to social and cultural heritage such as values, language, geographical space, and racial characteristics Race refers to the common biological characteristics shared by a group of people such as skin color Biases and prejudices composed of beliefs and attitudes associating negative characteristics with people who are perceived to be different from oneself Emic worldview Etic worldview an insider or native perspective an outsider's perspective

Cultural competence a process in which the health care provider continually strives to work effectively with individuals, families, and communities Cultural awareness gaining in-depth awareness of one's own background, stereotypes, biases, prejudices, and assumptions about other people Cultural knowledge obtaining knowledge of other cultures; gaining sensitivity to, respect for, and appreciation of differences Cultural skills developing cultural skills such as communication, cultural assessment, and culturally competent care Cultural encounters engaging in cross-cultural interactions, refining intercultural communication skills, gaining in-depth understanding of others and avoiding stereotypes, and cultural conflict management Cultural care theory emphasizes that the central purpose of nursing is to provide culturally congruent care Culturally congruent care care that fits an individual's personally valued life patterns and meanings, which are sometimes different from the health care provider's perspectives of the person's care Cultural assessment a systematic and comprehensive examination of the cultural care values, beliefs, and practices of individuals, families, and communities Ethnohistory refers to significant historical experiences of a particular group

Chapter 19: Cultural Diversity

Acculturation the process of adapting to and adopting a new culture and results in varying degrees of affiliation with the dominant culture Assimilation results when an individual gives up his or her ethnic identity in favor of the dominant culture Cultural care preservation or maintenance retain and/or preserve relevant care values so that patients are able to maintain their well-being, recover from illness, or face handicaps and/or death Cultural accommodation or negotiation beneficial or satisfying health outcomes adapt or negotiate with the patient/family to achieve

Cultural care repatterning or restructuring reorder, change, or greatly modify patient's/family's customs for new, different, and beneficial health care pattern