APPENDIX I WORKSHEET THERMOCHEMISTRY 1. The Energy Conservation's Law Energy is the essence of our existence as individuals and as a society.

In every material have the different quality and quantities of energy. The energy contained in each material in the form of kinetic energy or energy the potential. For example the energy used to drive particle-particle and energy used to interaction of molecules in one system, it called internal energy. Through a chemical process, energy can be converted into other energy forms, such as: thermal energy, energy mechanical (motion), electrical energy and light energy. The amount of energy of all forms of energy that a substance called enthalpy standards, expressed with the notation H (heat contents = contents of heat). The energy conservations law, the energy cannot create and cannot loss, but the energy can change from one form to another. Standard enthalpy differences contained in any substance cause the occurrence of exothermic reactions and endothermic reactions. Energy is release when wood burns. Energy is also released from the burning of paper, petrol coal and natural gas. Most of the processes accompanied with the release of energy release involve chemical reaction. Our daily activities are totally dependent on the energy release when chemical reaction take places. However not all of chemical reaction release energy. Some of them take place with absorption if energy, especially heat energy. Thermo chemistry is the study of the relationship between heat and chemical reaction. Thermo chemistry may also be defined as the study of the quantity of heat absorbed or released by chemical reaction. 2. System and Surrounding A chemical reaction is conventionally referred as a system and anything else around the system is called are surrounding. ( in general, system is the substance or a mixture of substances under study in which a change occurs ). If a reaction is carried out in solution, the species (atoms, molecules, or ions) involved in the reaction are the system, the solvent and any others species not involved in the reaction are the surrounding. In gaseous reaction, only the reacting gases which constitute the system, any other gases not involved in the reaction are the surrounding. 3. Standard Condition The value of enthalpy change of any process depends on many factors such as temperature, pressure, physical state of substance ( s = solid, l = liquid, g = gas, c = crystal ) therefore, different values of enthalpy change of a reaction would be obtained if the reaction occurs at the different condition. Scientist defined the standard condition of enthalpy change denoted by the symbol Ho. the standard enthalpy change is measured at 1 atmospheric pressure and 25oC. Amount of the standard enthalpy change of reaction is determined by amount of the standard enthalpy of the reacting substances and the results the reaction. For this formula applies: H reaction = H product - H reactant

H reactant H product H reaction

= H formation of the reactants (H forming substances that reacts) = formation of reaction products of substances = standard enthalpy change accompanying the reaction relevant

APPENDIX II

No 1

Statement The reason of where the electrical energy when we're ironing. Determine the system and surroundings in the sugar solution in the glass and the explaining about it. The reason about the energy in water that put in thermos Explain about the different of heat and warm.

Very Disagree (1)

Evaluations scale Disagree Agree (2) (3)

Very Agree (4)

APPENDIX III Pop Quiz Question 1. Write down the I Thermodynamics Law! 2. Draw a picture that illustrating of the system and surroundings, and explain it! 3. What the meaning of: a. Heat b. System c. Surroundings 4. Write down the difference of heat and warm!

APPENDIX IV

Answer Keys: 1. The energy cannot create and cannot loss, but the energy can change from one form to another

2. 3. a. Heat is heat energy transferred (flow) from one material to other material. If no energy is transferred, can not be said that the material contains heat. b. system is a part of the universe that be the focus of study c. surroundings is everything outside assessment system that is not be a focus study. 4. Heat is the general case for themochemistry (a big one/ the mother) Warm is a special case for thermochemistry ( a small one/ the son)