Real-World Applications of Adaptive Signal Processing in Noise Cancellation

Dr. Jafar Ramadhan Mohammed, Mohammad Rida Bahloul, and Ayman Hajjawi
ABSTRACT
In practical application, the statistical characteristics of signal and noise are usually unknown or can't have been learned so that we hardly design fix coefficient digital filter. In allusion to this problem, the theory of the adaptive filter and adaptive noise cancellation are researched deeply. In this project one type of adaptive filters is considered to reduce noise, which is the Normalized Least Mean Square (NLMS) filter. We simulates the NLMS adaptive filter with MATLAB, the results prove its performance is better than the use of a fixed filter designed by conventional methods.

NOISE CANCELLATION USING ADAPTIVE FILTER

INTRODUCTION

s+n

FILTER
Figure 1: The direct filtering.

Figure 4: Noise cancelation examples.

ADAPTIVE FILTER DESIGN AND SIMULATION

we evaluate the performance of NLMS algorithms in noise cancellation setup by simulating the NLMS adaptive filter with MATLAB in order to remove noise in noisy signal. Weve found that if we use the step size 0.05 and filter length 32, we can get reasonable results. So we will use these parameters to setup NLMS filter and then we will do some calculations.

Filters used for direct filtering can be either Fixed or Adaptive.

1. Fixed filters - The design of fixed filters requires a priori knowledge of both
the signal and the noise, i.e. if we know the signal and noise beforehand, we can design a filter that passes frequencies contained in the signal and rejects the frequency band occupied by the noise.

2. Adaptive filters - Adaptive filters, on the other hand, have the ability to

adjust their impulse response to filter out the correlated signal in the input. They require little or no a priori knowledge of the signal and noise characteristics. Moreover adaptive filters have the capability of adaptively tracking the signal under non-stationary conditions.

ADAPTIVE FILTER
The so-called adaptive filter, is the use of the result of the filter parameters a moment ago, automatically adjust the filter parameters of the present moment, to adapt to the unknown signal and noise, or over time changing statistical properties, in order to achieve optimal filtering. Adaptive filter has "self-regulation" and "tracking" capacities.
Figure 5: The primary and reference and filter output and error signals in time domain.

Figure 6: Frequency spectrum of primary and reference and filter output and error signals Figure 2: The diagram of the adaptive filter

APPLICATIONS OF ADAPTIVE FILTERS

System Identification:
Channel identification; Echo Cancellation

Inverse System Identification:

Digital communications equalisation.

Noise Cancellation:
Active Noise Cancellation; Interference cancellation for CDMA

Figure 7: The learning curve

Prediction:
Periodic noise suppression; Periodic signal extraction; Speech coders; CMDA interference suppression.

And many, many others

Figure 8: Echo Return Loss Enhancement (ERLE) [dB]

Figure 9: The Average Coefficient Trajectories for the first and the second weights

CONTACT INFORMATION

Figure 3: The application of the adaptive filters

Dr. Jafar Ramadhan Mohammed, Senior Lecturer, FKEKK, UTeM, jafar@utem.edu.my

Mohammad Rida Bahloul, Master student, FKEKK, UTeM, M021110040@utem.edu.my

Ayman Hajjawi, Master student, FKEKK, UTeM, ayman@student.utem.edu.my