Chapter 1 - Number System A.

Chapter 1 : Number System and Binary Code (Part 1) | Digital Electronics
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Chapter 1 : Number System and Binary Code (Part 1)
Remember These: There are two input signals : analog signals have infinite number of distinct values and are continuous, while digital signals have finite number of distinct values and are discrete in nature. Types bf number systems are : decimal, binary, octal, hexadecimal. Codes are representation if digital in specified format which include symbols, alphabets etc. There are two logic levels in digital system : high (1) and low (0). There are two logic systems positive and negative. Number system is a set of rules and symbols to represent numbers. It can be weighted or non-weighted. Number of values that a character or digit can assume is called Radix or Base. Decimal system has radix 10. Leftmost digit is MSD and rightmost digit is LSD. Binary system has radix 2 and two binary digits one 1 and 0. Its weight is expressed as a power of 2. The smallest unit of information is called bit (0 and 1). Binary representation of four bits is called a Nibble. A byte is a combination of 8-binary bits. A word is a combination of 16-binary bits. Octal numbers system has radix 8 and the digits are (0 to 7). Its weight is expressed in power of 8. Hexadecimal has radix 16. The digits are 0 to 9 in continuation with letters A to F Its weight is expressed in power of 16. ls complement of a binary number is written by simply replacing all 0s by 1 and all 1s by 0.
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2s complement is one increment of ls complement. Numbers without +ve / -ve sign are unsigned numbers. Numbers numbers. BCD represent as 4 bit binary code; also known as 8421 code. Excess 3 code is obtained by addition of three Le. (0011)2 to BCD and is set complementary, Gray codes are reflected codes in which the successive coded characters differ in only bit position. Alphanumeric codes are represented by letters, symbols and numbers. These are ABC codes, EBCDIC codes and ICII code. represented by sign magnitude are signed
Q 1. What is number system? What are its types? Give example for each type of number system. Ans. Number system : It is a set of rules and symbols, used to represent number, The number system can be classified into weighted. or positional and non-weighted or nonpositional systems. Most of the number systems are of weighted type. The knowledge of number system is very essential because the design and of a computer is dependent upon the number systems. Few important points related to number system are: 1. Base or Radix: It is defined as the number of different symbols used in the number system. The number of values that a character or digit can assume is called the Radix Base of the system. 2. The largest value of a digit is always less than the Radix or Base : If Radix r Base is. represented by r or b, then the largest value of a digit is given by (r 1) or (b 1) For e.g. The largest digit in decimal number system is (10 1) = 9. Where, 10 is the radix of decimal number system. Types of Number System : Following table shows the various, number system with their radix (r) or base (b).
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1. The Decimal Number System : The number system having radix or base 10 called as decimal number system. The number which we make use in our life is called decimal number system. The decimal system has the base value of 10. So, its maximum or largest value of digit is (r 1) = 10 1 = 9, where r = radix or base. Decimal position values as powers of 10 are as shown:
2. Binary Number System : The number system having radix or base 2 is called as binary number system. As the radix or base value of binary number system is 2, so its maximum value of digit (r 1) = (2 1) = 1,where r is radix or base. The two binary digits are 1 and 0. in binary system each binary digit is known as bit and has its own weight or value. Its weight is expressed as a power of 2.
3. Octal Number System : The number system which make use of radix 8 is known as octal number system. As the radix or base of octal number system is 8, so its maximum or largest value of a digit is (r 1) = (8 1) = 7 where r is radix or base. It make use of first eight digits of decimal number system i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Thus, 8 and 9 digits never come in octal number system. Octal positions values as a power of 8 are as shown:
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4. Hexadecimal Number System: The number system having radix or base 16 is called as hexadecimal number system.. In short these are known as hex system. The number of values assumed by each digit are 0 through 9 and letters A, B, C, D, E and F. Thus the sixteen possible values are 0, 1; 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F, Here A represents 10 B represents 1.1 C represents 12 D represents .13 E represents 14 F represents 15 The largest value or maximum value for the system is (r 1) = (16 - 1) = 15 For e.g.
CONVERSION OF DIFFERENT NUMBERS
(I) CONVERSION FROM BINARY TO DECIMAL
Q 1. Convert the binary number (110)2 to its decimal equivalent.
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Solution.
Q 2. Convert the binary number (1011.01) to its decimal equivalent. Solution.
Q 3. Convert the following (11011.111)2 = (?)10 Solution.
(II) CONVERSION FROM OCTAL TO DECIMAL
Q 4. Convert the following: (71)8 = (?)10 Solution.
Q 5. Convert the following (521.63)8 = (?)10 Solution.
Q 6. Convert the following: (385.24)8 = (?)10
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Solution.
(III) CONVERSION FROM HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL
Q 7. Convert the following (3A)16 > (?)10 Solution.
Q 8. Convert the following (2B.48)16 > (?)10 Solution.
Q 9. Convert the following (4C8.2) 16 > (?)10 Solution.
(IV) CONVERSION FROM DECIMAL TO BINARY
Q 10. Convert (14) 10 > (?)2 Solution.
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Q 11. (204)10 > (?)2 Solution.
Q 12. (0.6875) 10 > (?)2 Solution.
(V) CONVERSION DECIMAL TO OCTAL
Q 13. Convert (241)10 = (?)8 Solution.
Q 14. Convert (0.6234) 10 > (?)8 Solution.
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Q 15. Convert (305.6875) 10 = (?)8 Solution.
(VI) CONVERSION FROM DECIMAL TO HEX.
Q 16. Convert (80) 10 = (?)16 Solution.
Q 17. Convert (0.122)10 = (?)16 Solution.
(0.122) 10 Q 18. Convert (7825.760) 10 Solution.
(0.1F3B64) 16 (?)16
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(VII) CONVERSION FROM BINARY TO OCTAL
Q 19. Convert (10110)2 Solution.
(?)8
Q 20. Convert (11010010) 2 Solution.
(?)8
(11010010)2 = (322)8
Q 21. Convert (0.1011011) 2 Solution.
(?)8
(0.1011011)2
(0.554)8
(VIII) CONVERSION FROM BINARY TO HEXADECIMAL
(?)16
(1010111) 2 = (57)16
Q 23. Convert (1010 1111 1011 0010) 2 Solution.
(?)16
(1010 1111 1011 0010) 2 = (AFB2)16
Q 24. Convert (10110110.101111001) 2
(?)16
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Solution.
(10110110.101111001) 2 = (B6.BC8)16
(IX) CONVERSION FROM OCTAL TO HEXADECIMAL
(?)16
(X) CONVERSION FROM HEXADECIMAL TO OCTAL
Q 26. Convert (1AF)16 Solution.
(?)8
Q 27. Convert (3CFB.2E) 16 = (?)8 Solution.
Q 28. Convert (68.4B) 16 = (?)8 Solution.
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Q 29 What is the largest decimal number that can be represented by a 16 bit binary word? Ans.
=15 x 4096 + 15 x 256 + 15 x 16 + 15 = 61440 + 3840 + 240 + 15 = (65535)10 Thus, 65535 is the largest decimal number that can be represented by a 16 bit binary word.
Q 30. Convert the decimal number 39.75 to octal. Ans. (39.75)10 = (?)8 Integer part
(39)10 = (47)8 Fractional part 0.75 x 8 = 6.0 (0.75)10 = (0.6)8 (39.75)10 = (47.6)8
Q 31. Define bit, byte and nibble. Ans. 1. Bit : Bit is an abbreviation of the binary digit and it is the smallest unit of information. It is either 0 or 1. 2. Byte : A byte is a combination of 8-binary bits A byte contains two nibbles. It is used in case of representation of memory. 3. Nibble : Binary representation of four bits is called a nibble. In case of BCD i.e. binary coded decimal and hexadecimal numbers nibble is used as both are four bit numbers.
Q 32. Find the complement of Ans. Its complement is given by:
Q 33. What do you mean by weighted code? Give example. Ans. Weighted codes are those codes which make use of weighted sum method i.e. which obey the principle of positional weight. In weighted codes each position of the number has a specific weight Weighted codes are: 1. Binary codes 2. BCD codes. For example: 8421, 2421, 4221, 5311, 7421, etc.
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Chapter 1 : Number System and Binary Code (Part 1) | Digital Electronics