The Endocrine System Chapters 34, 35, 36

Chapter 34 Key Terms

Exophthalmos Gluconeogenesis Glycogenolysis Hormones Hyperglycemia Hypoglycemia
forward protrusion of the eyeballs process to make glucose in the liver conversion of glycogen into glucose in the liver and muscles chemical messengers of the body high blood glucose level low blood glucose level

Endocrine Organs Hormones & Functions: 1. Anterior Pituitary A. Growth hormone (GH) i-promotes growth a- too much (before puberty)= gigantism b- too much (after puberty)= acromegaly c- too little (before puberty)= dwarfism B. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) i-stimulates secretion of thyroid hormone a- excess production of thyroid hormone= hyperthyroidism b- not enough production of thyroid hormone= hypothyroidism C. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) i-stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids a- glucocorticosteroids (such as cortisol) affects carbohydrate metabolism & have an anti-inflammatory response & affects emotions b- mineralocorticoids (such as aldosterone) maintains salt & water balance in the kidneys. Released when blood pressure/volume falls below normal values D. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone i-controls pigmentation of the skin E. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) i-stimulates ovary development, egg & sperm development

Chapter 35 Key Terms

Addison's disease
autoimmune destruction of adrenal glands that causes deficient production of corticosteroids and mineral corticoid hormones

Addisonian crisis Cushing's syndrome Diabetes insipidus Goiter Hirsutism Myxedema coma Pheochromocytoma

acute deficiency of cortisol that causes a life-threatening condition results from excessive production of corticosteroids from the adrenal glands excessive urination caused by a lack of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) enlargement of the thyroid gland excessive hair growth or hair growth in unusual places, such as facial hair on women life-threatening form of hypothyroidism tumor of the adrenal medulla that causes an increased release of catecholamines

Tetany

continuous spasm of the muscles; symptom complex of increased neuromuscular excitability associated with decreased ionized calcium levels

Thyroidectomy, subtotal partial removal of the thyroid gland Thyroid crisis (thyroid extreme state of hyperthyroidism storm) Thyrotoxic crisis (thyroid storm)
extreme state of hyperthyroidism

Chapter 36 Key Terms

Dawn phenomenon Diabetes mellitus Diabetic ketoacidosis Gangrene Glycosuria Hyperglycemia Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) Hypoglycemia Ketonuria Ketosis Microalbuminuria Polydipsia Polyphagia
rise in blood glucose levels between 5 and 8 am chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism life-threatening illness occurring in type 1 diabetics, characterized by hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and coma tissue death from reduced or absent blood supply presence of glucose in the urine high blood glucose level life-threatening illness occurring in type 2 diabetics, characterized by hyperglycemia, severe dehydration, and coma

low blood glucose level presence of ketones in the urine build-up of ketones in the body presence of small amounts of albumin in the urine excessive thirst excessive hunger

Polyuria Somogyi effect

excessive urine output early morning hyperglycemia after an episode of hypoglycemia at night