MECHANICS,UNITS,GENERALPROCEDUREFORANALYSIS,VECTORS TodaysObjectives: Studentswillbeableto: a)Explainmechanics/statics. e.Multipleanddivide b)Workwithtwotypesofunits. vectorsbyscalars c)Roundthefinalanswerappropriately. f.Addandsubtract2D d)Applyproblemsolvingstrategies. vectors g.

Resolvea2Dvectorinto components

AME 2113: STATICS

WHATISMECHANICS?
Studyofwhathappenstoathing (thetechnicalname isBODY)whenFORCES areappliedtoit.
Eitherthebodyortheforces canbelargeorsmall.

AME 2113: STATICS

BRANCHESOFMECHANICS

Mechanics

Rigid Bodies (Things that do not change shape)

Deformable Bodies (Things that do change shape)

Fluids

Statics

Dynamics

Incompressible

Compressible

In statics nothing moves!

AME 2113: STATICS 3

UNITSOFMEASUREMENT (Section1.3) Fourfundamentalphysicalquantities(ordimensions).

Length Mass Time Force Newtons2nd Lawrelatesthem:F=m*a Weusethisequationtodevelopsystemsofunits. Unitsarearbitrarynameswegivetothephysicalquantities.
AME 2113: STATICS 4

UNITSYSTEMS
Force,mass,timeandaccelerationarerelatedbyNewtons 2nd law. Threeoftheseareassignedunits(calledbaseunits) andthefourthunitisderived.Whichisderivedvariesby thesystemofunits. Wewillworkwithtwounitsystemsinstatics: InternationalSystem(SI) U.S.Customary(USCS)

AME 2113: STATICS

Table11inthetextbooksummarizestheseunitsystems.

AME 2113: STATICS

COMMONCONVERSIONFACTORS Workproblemsintheunitsgivenunlessotherwise instructed!

Example:Convertatorquevalueof47in lbintoSIunits.
Answeris5.31026116N m?

AME 2113: STATICS

THEINTERNATIONALSYSTEMOFUNITS (Section1.4) Noplurals(e.g.,m=5kg,notkgs ) Separateunitswitha (e.g., metersecond=m s) Mostsymbolsareinlowercase.SomeexceptionsareN, Pa,MandG. Exponentialpowersapplytounits,e.g.,cm cm=cm2 Compoundprefixesshouldnotbeused. Table13inthetextbookshowsprefixesusedintheSI system
AME 2113: STATICS 8

NUMERICALCALCULATIONS (Section1.5)
Musthavedimensionalhomogeneity. Dimensionshavetobe thesameonbothsidesoftheequalsign,(e.g.distance=speed time.)

Useanappropriatenumberofsignificantfigures.Why?

Beconsistentwhenroundingoff. greaterthan5,roundup(3528 3530) smallerthan5,rounddown(0.03521 0.0352) equalto5,seeyourtextbookforanexplanation.

AME 2113: STATICS 9

PROBLEMSOLVINGSTRATEGY: IPE,A3StepApproach
1.Interpret: Read carefullyanddeterminewhatisgiven and whatistobefound/delivered.Ask,ifnotclear.If necessary,makeassumptions andindicate them. 2.Plan: Thinkaboutmajorsteps (oraroadmap)thatyouwill taketosolveagivenproblem.Thinkof alternative/creative solutionsandchoosethebest one. 3.Execute: Carryoutyoursteps.Useappropriatediagrams and equations.Estimate youranswers.Avoidsimple calculationmistakes.Reflect on/reviseyourwork.
AME 2113: STATICS 10

DIAGRAMS ARE VERY IMPORTANT

A big part of what you will learn in statics is how to identify the problem you are solving isolate it from the rest of the world and remove things that dont influence the particular problem you have. You will see this approach again and again in engineering. We do this by drawing FREE BODY DIAGRAMS
AME 2113: STATICS 11

FREE BODY DIAGRAMS

See caveman example from https://repo.vanth.org/Repository/clii /rosellirj/fbdassistant/FreeBodyDiagra ms.html

AME 2113: STATICS

12

REMINDER - VECTORS
Magnitude Direction NOTE we will focus on 2D as it is easier to visualize, but the same principles apply to 3D

AME 2113: STATICS

13

APPLICATIONOFVECTORADDITION
Therearethreeconcurrent forcesactingonthehook duetothechains. Weneedtodecideifthe hookwillfail(bendor break). Todothis,weneedtoknow theresultantforceactingon thehook.

FR

AME 2113: STATICS

14

SCALARSANDVECTORS (Section2.1)
Scalars Vectors

Examples:Mass,VolumeForce,Velocity Characteristics:IthasamagnitudeIthasamagnitude (positiveornegative) anddirection Additionrule:SimplearithmeticParallelogramlaw SpecialNotation:NoneBoldfont,aline,an arroworacarrot

InthesePowerPointpresentations,avectorquantityisrepresentedlikethis (inbold, italics,andred). AME 2113: STATICS 15

VECTOROPERATIONS (Section2.2)

ScalarMultiplication andDivision

AME 2113: STATICS

16

VECTORADDITIONUSINGEITHERTHE PARALLELOGRAMLAWORTRIANGLE
ParallelogramLaw:

Trianglemethod (alwaystiptotail):

Howdoyousubtractavector? Howcanyouaddmorethantwoconcurrentvectorsgraphically?
AME 2113: STATICS 17

RESOLUTIONOFAVECTOR
Resolution ofavectorisbreakingupavectorinto components.

Itiskindoflikeusingtheparallelogramlawinreverse.
AME 2113: STATICS 18

ADDITIONOFASYSTEMOFCOPLANARFORCES(Section2.4) Weresolve vectorsinto componentsusingthexandy axissystem. Eachcomponentofthevectoris shownasamagnitudeanda direction. Thedirectionsarebasedonthexandyaxes.Weusethe unitvectors i andj todesignatethexandyaxes.

AME 2113: STATICS

19

For example, F = Fx i + Fy j or F' = F'x i + ( F'y ) j

The x and y axis are always perpendicular to each other. Together, they can be directed at any inclination.
AME 2113: STATICS 20

ADDITIONOFSEVERALVECTORS
Step1 istoresolveeachforce intoitscomponents. Step2 istoaddallthex componentstogether,followed byaddingalltheycomponents together.Thesetwototalsare thexandycomponentsofthe resultantvector. Step3 istofindthemagnitudeand angleoftheresultantvector.

AME 2113: STATICS

21

ANEXAMPLEOFTHEADDITIONOFSEVERALVECTORS:

Breakthethreevectorsintocomponents,thenadd them. FR =F1 +F2 +F3 =F1x i+F1y j F2x i +F2y j +F3x i F3y j =(F1x F2x +F3x) i +(F1y +F2y F3y) j =(FRx) i +(FRy) j
AME 2113: STATICS 22

Youcanalsorepresenta2Dvectorwithamagnitudeand angle.

AME 2113: STATICS

23

EXAMPLE Given: Threeconcurrentforces actingonatentpost. Find: Themagnitudeand angleoftheresultant force.

Plan: a)Resolvetheforcesintotheirxy components. b)Addtherespectivecomponentstogettheresultantvector. c)Findmagnitudeandanglefromtheresultantcomponents.

AME 2113: STATICS 24

EXAMPLE (continued)

F1 ={0 i + 300 j }N F2 ={ 450cos (45)i +450sin(45)j }N ={ 318.2i +318.2j }N F3 ={(3/5)600i +(4/5)600 j }N ={360 i + 480j }N
AME 2113: STATICS 25

EXAMPLE (continued) Summingupallthei andj componentsrespectively,weget, FR ={(0 318.2+360)i +(300+318.2+480) j }N ={41.80i +1098j }N Usingmagnitudeanddirection: FR =((41.80)2 +(1098)2)1/2 =1099N =tan1(1098/41.80)=87.8 x y

FR

AME 2113: STATICS

26

AME 2113: STATICS

27