Node voltage analysis Node voltage analysis

Write KCL equations for all Write KCL equations for all
non-reference nodes
Express resistor currents as Express resistor currents as
functions of node voltages.
Solve simultaneous equations. q
a a b
s
v v v
i
R R

= +
KCL for node a:
2 1
R R
a b b
v v v
KCL f d b
v v
1 3
a b b
R R
=
KCL for node b:
a
v
+
_
( )
b
v v
1
a b
v v
R

a
b
2
R
b
v
R
+ ( )
a b
v v
1
R
R
1
+
+
3
R
i
s
R
3 R
2
_
v
a
_
v
b
c
a b a
s
v v v
i
R R
| |

+ =
|
\ .
KCL for node a:
1 2
R R
|
\ .
b a b
v v v
=
KCL for node b:
v v
| |

3 1
R R
=
KCL for node b:
a
v
| |
+
_
( )
b
v v
1
a b
v v
R
| |

|
\ .
a
b
2
R
b
v
R
| |

|
\ .
+ ( )
a b
v v
\ .
R
1
+
+
3
R
|
\ .
i
s
R
3 R
2
_
v
a
_
v
b
c
KCL f d
v v v
KCL for node a:
3
2 3
b a a
v v v
= +
2 3
KCL for node b:
3 1
b a
v v
+ = 3 1
2
+ =
KCL for node a:
KCL for node b:
3
b a a
v v v
4
b a b
v v v
+
KCL for node b:
3
2 4
b a a
= + 4
2 3
b a b
= +
KCL for node a:
b
v v v v v v
| | | | | |

1 2
1 2 5
a c a c a b
v v v v v v
i i
R R R
| | | | | |
+ + = +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
i
1 2 5 \ . \ . \ .
a
b
R
5
i
2
R
3
i
1
R
1
R
2
R
4 i
3
c
R
6
KCL for node a:
1 1 1 1 1 1
| | | | | |
1 2
1 2 5 5 1 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
a b c
v v v i i
R R R R R R
| | | | | |
+ + + = +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
i
a
b
R
5
i
2
R
3
i
1
R
1
R
2
R
4 i
3
c
R
6
KCL for node b:
1 1 1 1 1
| | | | | |
3 2
5 3 4 5 3
1 1 1 1 1
a b c
v v v i i
R R R R R
| | | | | |
+ + + =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
i
a
b
R
5
i
2
R
3
i
1
R
1
R
2
R
4 i
3
c
R
6
KCL for node c:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
| | | | | |
1
1 2 3 1 2 3 6
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
a b c
v v v i
R R R R R R R
| | | | | |
+ + + + + =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
i
\ . \ . \ .
a
b
R
5
i
2
R
3
i
1
R
1
R
2
R
4 i
3
c
R
6
| | | | | |
1 2
1 2 5 5 1 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
a b c
v v v i i
R R R R R R
| | | | | |
+ + + = +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
1 1 1 1 1
| | | | | |
1 2 5 5 1 2
R R R R R R
\ . \ . \ .
3 2
5 3 4 5 3
1 1 1 1 1
a b c
v v v i i
R R R R R
| | | | | |
+ + + =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
v v v i
| | | | | |
+ + + + + =
| | |
1
1 2 3 1 2 3 6
a b c
v v v i
R R R R R R R
+ + + + + =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
1 1 1 1 1 1
(
| |
(
|
1 2 5 5 1 2
1 2
1 1 1 1 1
a
R R R R R R
v i i
+ + +
(
|
\ . (
+
( (
(
( (
3 2
5 3 4 5 3
1
1 1 1 1 1
b
c
v i i
R R R R R
v i
(
( (
+ + = (
( (
(
( (

(
1
1 2 3 1 2 3 6
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
c
R R R R R R R
( (

(
| |
(
+ + + +
|
(
\ .

1 2 3 1 2 3 6
(
\ .

G v = i G v = i
s
conductance
node voltage
current source
conductance
matrix
node voltage
matrix
current source
matrix