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SOLENOID

Definition of solenoid
A solenoid is a coil of insulated or enameled wire wound on a rod-shaped form made of solid
iron, solid steel, or powdered iron. Devices of this kind can be used as electromagnets, as
inductors in electronic circuits, and as miniature wireless receiving antennas. In a solenoid, the
core material is ferromagnetic, Solenoids are important because they can create controlled
magnetic fields and can be used as electromagnets.

Operation of solenoid
A typical industrial work solenoid consists of the following main elements: a cylindrical coil, a
steel or iron frame or shell, steel or iron plunger and optionally, a stationary magnetic pole/travel
stop. A magnetic field is generated within the industrial work solenoid by passing electrical
current through the coil. The frame or shell surrounds the coil, providing a flux path. In effect, it
focuses the magnetic field produced by the coil. The plunger, being made of highly magnetic
material, reacts to the magnetic field by attempting to move to the center of the coil. The plunger
will travel to the centered position unless stopped by a load which exceeds the industrial work
solenoid's force capability or the plunger contacts the stationary pole/travel stop.

Diagram or solenoid

RELAY

Definition of Relay
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to operate a
switching mechanism mechanically, but other operating principles are also used. Relays are used
where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with complete electrical isolation
between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by one
signal.

Operation of Relay
A relay works when the switch is turned on, this then activates the electromagnet which attracts
the armature, then causes the armature to make contact with springy contacts, which completes
the circuit and so therefore starting the motor. A relay is a switch turned on by a power source.
Normally have four prongs, two for the switch part and two for the power to go through.
Basically main power sources always running to the relay and it just breaks the current with
another power source.
Example
If you have a lot of lights on your vehicle that take a lot of power you would use a heavy gauge
wire from the battery to the relay and from the relay to the lights. Then you would hook a light
gauge wire to hook your switch up to a power source under the dash and then to the relay and
back. That way you do not have to have a big switch or big wires going into the cab.

Diagram of relay

SWITCH

Definition of switch
In electronics, a switch is an electrical component that can break an electrical circuit,
interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another.
Operation of switch
A switch has two conductive pieces, usually made of metal, called contacts that touch to
complete (make) a circuit, and separate to open (break) the circuit. The contact material is
chosen for its resistance to corrosion, because most metals form insulating oxides that would
prevent the switch from working. Contact materials are also chosen on the basis of electrical
conductivity, hardness (resistance to abrasive wear), mechanical strength, low cost and low
toxicity.

Example.
A switch has two conductive pieces, usually made of metal, called contacts that touch to
complete (make) a circuit, and separate to open (break) the circuit. The contact material is
chosen for its resistance to corrosion, because most metals form insulating oxides that would
prevent the switch from working. Contact materials are also chosen on the basis of electrical
conductivity, hardness (resistance to abrasive wear), mechanicals strength, low cost and low
toxicity.

Diagram of switch