Past HKALE Paper Pure Mathematics

2D Coordinate Geometry
Page 1
2D Coordinate Geometry 2D Coordinate Geometry
AL-91-(II)-1
Chords with slope equal to 1 are drawn in the ellipse 1 2 2
2 2
+ + y xy x . Prove that the
mid-points of these chords lie on a straight line, and find the equation of this line.
(4 marks)
AL-92-(II)-6
Consider the line
a y   L 2 : ) (
and the circle
2 2 2
: ) ( a y x   C + , where a > 0 . Let P
be a variable point on (L) . If the tangents from P to (C) touch the circle (C) at points Q
and R respectively, show that the mid-point of QR lies on a fixed circle, and find the
centre and radius of this circle. (6 marks)
AL-01-(II)-4
Let P be the parabola ax y 4
2
where a is a non-zero constant, and ( )
1
2
1
2 , at at A ,
( )
2
2
2
2 , at at B be two distinct points on P.
(a) Find the equation of chord AB.
(b) If A and B move in such a way that chord AB always passes through (a, 0), find
the equation of the locus of the mid-point of AB. (5 marks)
AL-03-(II)-5
Consider the hyperbola H: 1
2
2
2
2

b
y
a
x
, where a and b are positive constants, with its
asymptotes L
1
: x
a
b
y and L
2
: x
a
b
y

. Let P be the point
) tan , sec ( b a
, where
2 2

< <

.
(a) Prove that P lies on H.
(b) The tangent to H at P cuts L
1
and L
2
at Q
1
and Q
2
respectively.
(i) Find the coordinates of Q
1
and Q
2
.
(ii) Find the areas of OPQ
1
and OQ
2
P, where O is the origin.
Hence find Q
1
P : PQ
2
. (7 marks)
Past HKALE Paper Pure Mathematics
2D Coordinate Geometry
Page 2
AL-05-(II)-5
Let P: x y 80
2
be a parabola.
(a) Prove that the straight line
c mx y +
is a tangent to P is and only if 20 mc .
(b) Consider the curve :
2
3
2 , sin
, cos 3

< <

'

y
x
.
Find the coordinates of the two points on at which the normals to are tangents
to P. (7 marks)
AL-06-(II)-6
Let the equation of the ellipse E be 1
2
2
2
2
+
b
y
a
x
, where a and b are two distinct
positive constants. The coordinates of the points P and Q are
) sin , cos ( b a
and
) sin ) ( , cos ) (( b a b a + +
respectively, where
2
0

< < .
(a) Prove that
(i) P lies on E,
(ii) the straight line passing through P and Q is the normal to E at P.
(b) Let c be a constant such that the straight line
c y x cos sin
is a tangent to
E. Express the distance between P and Q in terms of c. (7 marks)
AL-07-(II)-6
Consider the curve :

'

+
t y
t x
2
1
2
, where t R.
(a) Let A (a
2
+ 1, 2a) and B (b
2
+ 1, 2b) be two distinct points on .
(i) Find the equation of the normal to at A.
(ii) Prove that AB is normal to at A if and only if 0 2
2
+ + ab a .
(b) It is given that P (10, 6) is a point on . Find two points on , other than P, at
which the normals to intersect at P. (7 marks)
SECTION B
Past HKALE Paper Pure Mathematics
2D Coordinate Geometry
Page 3
AL-89-(II)-9
Consider the curve defined by the parametric equations

'

1 ,
1
1
1
3
2
3
t  
t
t
y
t
x
Let
) ( P t
be the point on the curve corresponding to the parameter t.
(a) Show that the equation of the chord joining the points ) ( P
1
t and ) ( P
2
t is
0 )] ( 1 [ ) (
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
2
2
2
1
+ + + t t y t t t t x t t t t .
Deduce the equation of the tangent at the point
) ( P t
.(4 marks)
(b) Let ) ( P
1
t , ) ( P
2
t and
) ( P
3
t
be three distinct points on the curve. Show that a
necessary and sufficient condition for three points to be collinear is
1
3 2 1
t t t
.
(4 marks)
(c) Show that when 0 t or 1 t , the tangent at the point
) ( P t
intersects the curve
again at another point
) ( P T
, where
2
1
t
T .
Hence, or otherwise, deduce that if the tangents at three collinear points on the
curve intersect the curve again, then these points of intersection are also collinear.
(7 marks)
AL-90-(II)-9
Consider the hyperbola (H) : xy = c
2
, c > 0 .
Let P (
1
ct ,
1
t
c
) and Q (
2
ct ,
2
t
c
) be points on (H) where
2
2
2
1
t t , 0
1
t and 0
2
t .
(a) Find the equation of the straight line joining the points P and Q , and hence, or
otherwise, obtain the equations of the tangents to (H) at P and Q respectively.
(3 marks)
(b) Suppose R is the point of intersection of the tangents at P and Q.
(i) Find the coordinates of R.
(ii) Show that if P and Q are moving in such a way that t
1
t
2
is constant, then R
lies on a straight line passing through the mid-point of PQ .
(iii) If P and Q are moving in such a way that PQ always touches the ellipse
2 2 2
4 c y x + , show that R lies on an ellipse with center at the origin. Also
find equation of the ellipse. (12 marks)
Past HKALE Paper Pure Mathematics
2D Coordinate Geometry
Page 4
AL-93-(II)-9
The equation of the hyperbola H is
1
2
2
2
2

b
y
a
x
, where a, b > 0.
Let
,
_

+ )
1
(
2
1
),
1
(
2
1
t
t b
t
t a P
, where t 0.
(a) (i) Show that P lies on H.
(ii) Find the equation of the tangent to H at P. (4 marks)
(b) Let the tangent to H at P meet the asymptotes of H at the points S and T. Let O be
the origin.
(i) Show that as t varies the locus of the centre of the circle passing through O,
S and T is a hyperbola.
(ii) Prove that
2 2
b a OT OS + .
Hence show that S, T and the two foci of H are concyclic. (11 marks)
AL-94-(II)-9
Given an ellipse
(E): 1
2
2
2
2
+
b
y
a
x
and a point P(h, k) outside (E).
(a) If
c mx y +
is a tangent from P to (E), show that
( ) 0 2
2 2 2 2 2
+ b k hkm m a h . (4 marks)
(b) Suppose the two tangents from P to (E) touch (E) at A and B.
(i) Find the equation of the line passing through A and B.
(ii) Find the coordinate of the mid-point of AB. (6 marks)
(c) Show that the two tangents form P to (E) are perpendicular if and only if P lies on
the circle
2 2 2 2
b a y x + + . (5 marks)
Past HKALE Paper Pure Mathematics
2D Coordinate Geometry
Page 5
AL-96-(II)-9
Consider the curve
E : 1
2 8
2 2
+
y x
and
P : 3
2
+ kx y (k > 0).
A common tangent L of E and P touches E at (2, 1).
(a) (i) Find the equation of L and the value of k.
(ii) Determine the coordinates of the point at which L touches P. (4 marks)
(b) Find the area enclosed by L, P and the y-axis. (4 marks)
(c) Find the equations of the remaining three common tangents of E and P.
(7 marks)
AL-96-(II)-11
Figure 1 shows a circle with radius b rolling externally without slipping on a fixed
circle with radius a and centred at the origin. Let P be a point fixed on the rolling circle
with initial position at A (a, 0).
(a) Referring to Figure 2, show that the parametric equations of the locus of P are
given by

'

,
_

+
+

,
_

+
+


b
b a
b b a y
b
b a
b b a x
sin sin ) (
cos cos ) (
. (6 marks)
(b) Suppose a = 2b.
(i) Write down the parametric equations of the locus of P.
(ii) Express
2 2
d
d
d
d

,
_

,
_

y x
in terms of .
(iii) Find the distance travelled by P before it meets the fixed circle again.
(9 marks)
A
b
x
a
O
y
Figure1
Past HKALE Paper Pure Mathematics
2D Coordinate Geometry
Page 6
AL-97-(II)-12
Consider the curves
 xy  C
 xy  C
 xy  C
 xy  C
1 :
1 :
1 :
1 :
4
3
2
1

 x
 x
 x
 x
) 0 (
, ) 0 (
, ) 0 (
, ) 0 (
>
<
<
>
and the region D determined by
1 xy
in the
rectangular coordinate planes as shown in
Figure 2.
For 1 0 < a , let P, Q, R and S be points on C
1
,
C
2
, C
3
and C
4
respectively, where
)
1
, (
a
a P , ) ,
1
( a
a
Q ,
)
1
, (
a
a P and ) ,
1
( a
a
S .
(a) Show that PQRS is a square.(3 marks)
(b) If the straight line PQ intersects C
2
at another point Q , find the coordinates of
Q in terms of a.
Hence find the range of values of a such that the line segment PQ lies inside the
region D.(8 marks)
(c) If PQRS lies within the region D, determine a such that its area is maximized.
(You may use the fact that PQRS lies within the region D if and only if PQ lies
inside D.)(4 marks)
A
b
x
a
O
y

P
a = b
Figure 1
x
y
P
S
R
Q
C
1
C
4
C
2
C
3
Region D
Figure 2
Past HKALE Paper Pure Mathematics
2D Coordinate Geometry
Page 7
AL-98-(II)-12
Figure 3 shows a circle with radius 1 and centre C touching a line L with slope m > 0 at
Q (a, b). R (x
0
, y
0
) is another point on the circle and QCR = .
(a) Show that

'

,
_

+
+

,
_

+

2
sin
2
cos
2
sin
1
2
2
sin
2
cos
2
sin
1
2
2
0
2
0


m
m
b y 
m
m
a x 
. (7 marks)
(b) Consider the curve
2
3
) 1 (
3
2
: x y where x 1.
(i) Find the slope of tangent of at x = a.
(ii) Find the length of arc of form x = 1 to x = a.
(iii) Figure 4 shows a circle with radius 1 rolling tangentially below the curve
without slipping. Let P be a point fixed on the circle with initial position at
(1, 0). Find the x-coordinate of P when the circle touches at x = 4.
(8 marks)
AL-00-(II)-10
The equation of the parabola is ax y 4
2
.
(a) Find the equation of the normal to at the point (at

2
, 2at).
Show that if this normal passes through the point (h, k), then
0 ) 2 (
3
+ k t h a at . (4 marks)
(b) Suppose the normals to at three distinct points ) 2 , (
1
2
1
at at , ) 2 , (
2
2
2
at at and
) 2 , (
3
2
3
at at are concurrent. Using the result of (a), show that
0
3 2 1
+ + t t t
.
(2 marks)
(c) If the circle 0 2 2
2 2
+ + + + c fy gx y x intersects at ) 2 , (
1
2
1
as as , ) 2 , (
2
2
2
as as
, ) 2 , (
3
2
3
as as and ) 2 , (
4
2
4
as as , show that
0
4 3 2 1
+ + + s s s s
.
(4 marks)
(d) A circle intersects at points A, B, C and D. Suppose A, B and C are distinct and
the normals to at these three points are concurrent.
(i) Show that D is the origin.
(ii) If A, B are symmetric about the x-axis, show that the circle touches at the
origin.(5 marks)
Past HKALE Paper Pure Mathematics
2D Coordinate Geometry
Page 8
AL-02-(II)-11
Consider the parabolas C
1
: ) 1 ( 4
2
+ x y and C
2
: x y 4
2
.
Let P (p
2
1, 2p) be a point on C
1
. The two tangents drawn from P to C
2
touch C
2
at the
points S (s
2
, 2s) and T (t
2
, 2t).
(a) Find the equations of PS and PT and hence show that
p t s 2 +
, 1
2
p st .
(4 marks)
(b) Q (q
2
, 2q) is a point on the arc ST of C
2
. Prove that the area of SQT is a
maximum if and only if q = p.(6 marks)
(c) Let Q be the point in (b) where the area of SQT is a maximum. If the straight
line PQ cuts the chord ST at M, find the equation of the locus of M as P moves
along C
1
.(5 marks)
AL-03-(II)-11
Consider the parabola P: x y 4
2
.
Let A (a
2
, 2a) be a point on P, L
1
be the tangent to P at A, and F be the point (1, 0).
(a) (i) Find the equation of L
1
.
(ii) Let F be a point such that L
1
is the perpendicular bisector of FF . Prove
that the x-coordinate of F is 1. Also find the y-coordinate of F .
(7 marks)
(b) Suppose a = 2. The straight line x = 1 intersects L
1
at B. Let L
2
be the straight
line passing through B and perpendicular to L
1
.
(i) Prove that L
2
is tangent to P and find the point of contact.
(ii) Let L
2
be the tangents to P at the point (1, 2). L
3
intersects L
1
and L
2
at C and
D respectively. Prove that B, C, F and D are concyclic. (8 marks)
AL-04-(II)-9
Consider the ellipse E: 1
2
2
2
2
+
b
y
a
x
, where a and b are two positive constants with
b a > . Let P be the point
) sin , cos ( b a
, where
2
0

< < .
(a) Prove that P lies on E. (1 mark)
(b) Let L be the tangent to E at P. L cuts the x-axis and the y-axis at P
1
and P
2
respectively. Find
(i) the equation of L,
(ii) the coordinates of P
1
and P
2
. (4 marks)
Past HKALE Paper Pure Mathematics
2D Coordinate Geometry
Page 9
(c) Consider the two circles C
1
:
2 2 2
a y x + and C
2
:
2 2 2
b y x + . Also consider
the two points P
1
and P
2
described in (b). For k = 1, 2, let L
k
be the tangent to C
k
from P
k
, with point of contact Q
k
lying in the first quadrant.
(i) Prove that L
1
is parallel to L
2
.
(ii) Find the coordinates of Q
1
and Q
2
.
(iii) Let l be the straight line passing through Q
1
and Q
2
.
Is l a common normal to C
1
and C
2
? Explain your answer.(10 marks)
AL-05-(II)-9
Let H
1
:
4 xy
and H
2
:
1 xy
be two hyperbolas, and L be the tangent to H
1
at
)
2
, 2 (
t
t P .
(a) Find the equation of L.(2 marks)
(b) Let )
1
, (

A and
)
1
, (

B
be the two distinct points where L intersects H
2
.
(i) Prove that
t 4 +
and
2
t .
(ii) Prove that the length of chord AB is
,
_

+
2
2
1
12
t
t . (6 marks)
(c) It is given that the tangents to H
2
at A and B intersect at Q, where A and B are the
points described in (b).
(i) Find the coordinates of Q in terms of t.
(ii) Using (b)(ii), or otherwise, prove that the area of QAB is independent of t.
(7 marks)
AL-06-(II)-10
Let the equation of the parabola P be ax y 4
2
, where a is non-zero constant.
(a) Find the equation of the normal to P at the point (at
2
, 2at).(3 marks)
(b) The normals to P at two distinct points ) 2 , (
1
2
1
at at and ) 2 , (
2
2
2
at at intersect at
the point (h, k). Let
) (
2 1 3
t t t +
.
(i) Prove that the roots of the equation 0 ) 2 (
3
+ k t h a at are t
1
, t
2
and t
3
.
Past HKALE Paper Pure Mathematics
2D Coordinate Geometry
Page 10
(ii) Does the normal to P at the point ) 2 , (
3
2
3
at at pass through the point
) , ( k h
? Explain your answer.
(iii) Express
1 3 3 2 2 1
t t t t t t + +
and
3 2 1
t t t
in terms of a, h and k. (8 marks)
(c) Let A and B be two points on P at which the normals to P are perpendicular to each
other. Using the results of (b)(iii), or otherwise, find the equation of the locus of the
point of intersection of the two normals as A and B vary. (4 marks)
AL-07-(II)-10
(a) Using integration by substitution, find
x x a d
2 2

, where a is a positive
constant. (3 marks)
(b) Let a and b be positive constants. Consider the curve E:
2 2
x a
a
b
y , where 0
< x < a. Prove that the straight line
c mx y +
is a tangent to E if and only if m <
0 and
2 2 2
b m a c +
. (4 marks)
(c) Consider the curve
2
1
3 27 : x y E
, where 0 < x < 3, and the curve
3
9 :
2
2
x
y E , where 3 3 0 < < x .
(i) Find the point of intersection of E
1
and E
2
.
(ii) Let L be the common tangent to E
1
and E
2
.
(1) Find the equation of L.
(2) Find the area of the region bounded by E
1
, E
2
and L.
(8 marks)