Form 4 Mathematics

Lesson Plan Determining the root of quadratic equations by trial and improvement
Learning Objective: Understand and use the concept of roots of quadratic equations to solve problems. Syllabus Correlation: Form 4 Mathematics Learning Area 2: Quadratic Expression and Equations Learning Outcome: At the end of the lesson, the pupils will be able to determine roots of quadratic equations by trial and improvement method. Previous Knowledge: Pupils have learnt how to identify quadratic equations with one unknown; Pupils have learnt how to write quadratic equations in general form; ax2 + bx + c = 0. Pupils have learnt to form quadratic equations based on specific situations. Concept(s) Introduced: Pupils learn how to determine roots of quadratic equations by trial and improvement method. Skills Covered: Thinking analytically to select a solution to be used in the trial and improvement method. Vocabulary/New Words: Trial and improvement method Value(s) Incorporated: Working in a systematic and organise way. Thinking rationally. Materials Needed: Activity sheets. Point(s) to Note: There are quadratic equations that cannot be solved by factorisation. Check the rationality of the solution.

Form 4 Mathematics
Lesson Plan Determining the root of quadratic equations by trial and improvement
Teaching Strategies The introduction begins by revising the trial and improvement method that the pupils have used in forms one, two and three. A few examples of the use of trial and improvement method to solve algebraic equations were explained in the introduction. Teacher should highlight how a number is selected to be the assumed solution of the equation. This is to help pupils make a more intelligent selection when they are using the trial and improvement method. Time: 5 minutes 1. The courseware begins with the first explanation which describe the possible values of the unknown (x) related to the coefficient of x2, x and the constant c in the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0. The teacher should pause the courseware and emphasise each of the conditions and explain to the pupils if necessary. It also revises on the determining of the factors of a number. In the first example, the assume solution is substituted into the equation and its value is determined. If the value is not zero, then it is not the root of the equation. If it is then it is the root of the equation. Time: 8 minutes 2. The second example is the same as the first where the equation is given and the trial and improvement approach is being used to determine the roots of the equation. Ask pupils to think for possible values of x and the values that did not need to be consider at all. The teacher could pause the courseware immediately after the suggested value of x is displayed and ask the pupils if it is the root of the equation. Suggest that the pupils try and check before displaying the calculations. Time: 8 minutes 4. There are 8 highly meaningful questions in the class activity that the pupils can do to reinforce the trial and improvement approach to determine the roots of the equation. The teacher can decide whether to go through all the 8 questions. The teacher should also emphasise the most probable root of the given equation. 2

Set Induction

Steps

Form 4 Mathematics
Lesson Plan Determining the root of quadratic equations by trial and improvement
given equation. Time: 8 minutes 5. In the exercise there are only 4 questions. All the 4 questions are structural in nature and pupils have the opportunity to practice the steps they have to go through to determine the roots of a given equation using the trial and improvement approach. Pupils can drag the suggested answers into the boxes provided to determine the correct answer. Teacher can explain why some of the choices are not the answer. Conclusion Time: 9 minutes Summarize that root of quadratic equation can be formed by:
The solutions for quadratic equations in the form of ax + bx + c = 0 can be determined by trial and error method as follow: First, identify the possible values of the unknown. These possible values can be integers that can equally divide c without any remainder or positive or negative fractions with factors of c as its numerator and factors of a as its denominator. Then substitute each of the possible values into the left side of the equation 2 (ax + bx + c). If the result is equal to 0, the value is the solution of the equation and vice versa. The solutions of quadratic equations can be two different or two similar values.
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Time: 2 minute Other The teacher can distribute the activity sheets which are given in Suggestion(s) the PDF format or use the exercises in the textbook as homework.