Goat keeping

Goat Keeping for women

A short Introduction
Servi Nabuurs Short Term Expert Small Ruminants Dr. Ibrar ul Hussain Local Expert Small Ruminants

SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

Goat keeping

Introduction
Everybody knows goats; they are: small animals easy to keep poor woman's milk cow ......
SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

Goat keeping

Aspects of Goat Keeping

Housing Feeding Health Breeding Care for the Kids Milking Marketing
SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

Goat keeping

Some Questions
Why do women want to keep the goats; what benefits do they expect? Who has any goats, or kept them before? Where do you keep goats? What would you feed to goats? Who would take care of the goats?

SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

Goat keeping

Some More Questions

What can go wrong and what problems can there be with goat keeping? What goat diseases do you know? What can be done about that? What skills and resources do women need to keep goats properly?

SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

Goat keeping

Expectations
What would you like to learn in this training?

SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

Goat keeping

Write Expectations on Cards

Write Expectations on Cards Discussion Clustering of cards

SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

Goat keeping

Goat Health
Goat Training for women
Servi Nabuurs Short Term Expert Small Ruminants Dr. Ibrar Hussain Local Expert Small Ruminants

SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

Goat keeping

Overview of Diseases
Restocking diseases: death in non-local goats Coughing/pneumonia, CCP Diarrhoea Eye infection Tympany Kangoo virus (spread by ticks) Foot and Mouth Disease Enterotoxaemia
SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

Goat keeping

Quarantine: keep away from other animals Vaccinate & deworm Animals may carry diseases from other areas Transport stress Change of environment (temperature, housing) and feeding Exposure to prevailing diseases in the area

Restocking diseases: death in nonlocal goats

SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

Goat keeping

Coughing/pneumonia, CCP
Cough with fever:
infection: bacteria / virus

Cough without fever:

no infection, irritation/allergy irritation: parasites/longworms, particles

SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

Goat keeping

Cough with Fever, CCPP

Infection: bacteria / virus Symptoms:
thick nasal discharge coughing respiratory distress/sounds fever

Prevention:

Treatment is possible:
Tylosines / ...

vaccine: CCP Clean-dry ventilated but draught-free housing

SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

Goat keeping

Cough without fever

No infection, irritation/allergy Irritation: parasites/longworms, particles Symptoms:
thin nasal discharge coughing

Treatment and prevention:

regular deworming dustfree feed and environment (clean shed)
SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

Goat keeping

Diarrhoea
Thin /loose/watery defaecation Causes: Treatment:
infections, protozoas worms, lush green feed

Prevention:

Worms: deworm Infection: antibiotics Protozoa: sulphonamides General rehydration solution (4 table spoons sugar, teaspoon salt in 1 Liter clean water)

clean shed, feeding and water avoid overfeeding lush green feed

SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

Goat keeping

Eye infection
Causes:
bacteria worms wounds particles

Symtoms

Treatment:

whitening of inner eye watery eye red eye Cold water (clean/destilled) Boric water Eye ointment In case of worm: remove the worm (scoop it out with finger)

SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

Goat keeping

Tympany / Bloat
Symptoms/identification:
bulging stomach (rumen) distress kicking on belly lying down

Note: some are with foam others without! Causes Treatment

overeating grains, bread, flour: without foam green plants (lucerne, clover, berseem), with foam mild case: stand over the goat; lift under brisket and squeeze with elbows on the side of the goat to make it belch non-foamy: insert stomach tube (5 foot long " hose pipe) vegetable oils Baking soda drugs: medioral, bloatryliquid, tempcure Emergency: trocar!!

SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

Goat keeping

Kangoo virus
Cause:
virus transmitted by ticks

Symptoms:
fever, ...

Treatment: Prevention:
remove ticks use forceps or gloves for removing ticks tick control (wash with acaricides;: e.g. Neguvon)
SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

Goat keeping

Foot and Mouth Disease

Viral diseas; symptoms: Management of FMD:
blisters in/outside mouth blisters between hooves sometimes blisters on udder control secondary infection keep animal in dry place separate from others Offer green & soft food FMD serum vaccination control animal movement in case of suspected cases ! Avoid contacts among ruminant herds Inform veterinarian of suspected case

Treatment:

Prevention:

SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

Goat keeping

Enterotoxeamia
Bacterial Disease Sudden death of mostly healthy animals Yellow diarrhoea in kids/lambs Post-mortem symptoms:
pulpey kidney, red speckles in intestines, water in heart sack sulphydrugs: sulphadimidine, tribersin, trisolizine, kaolin powder

Treatment:

Control by vaccination: ET Vaccine

SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

Goat keeping

Goat Pregnancy, Birth and Kids

Goat Training for women
Servi Nabuurs Short Term Expert Small Ruminants Dr. Ibrar Hussain Local Expert Small Ruminants

SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

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Goat keeping

Care for the Pregnant Goat

Stop milking 2 months before expected kidding date (when is that?) Good feeding in the last 2 months, but avoid overfeeding Disease control (vaccinations in first part of gestation period) Separate in the last two weeks
SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

Goat keeping

Prepare for Kidding

Clean place Announcement:
swelling of the udder, loosening of the ligaments of the pelvis; restlessness, less eating and drinking, vaginal secretion, swelling and dilatation of the vulva. Waterbag appears and breaks, inside bladder appears with the legs; normally the head is on the legs and birth continues naturally

Kidding process:

SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

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Goat keeping

Normal and Malpresentation

SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

Goat keeping

Birth Assistance
With normal position (two front feet and head in between) there is no need for assistance, unless the doe is weak/small and the kid is large, e.g. in a first-kidder In case of malpresentation that needs assistance ensure cleanliness (water with some Dettol), soap to wash back of the goat, hands and as libricant; have two ropes (10mm ) with a noose Backward position: hindlegs first occurs in twin and triplets; ensure fast delivery after the hindlegs are out; the pelvis of the kid hold the kid Head or frontlegs turned backwards: push kidn inward and put noose around trotters to pull them in the right position Breech: backwards with folded legs: push kid inwards and try with a noose to pull the legs in the brith canal/alternative is to try a full turn Ask the village midwife for assistance: she usually has much experience with birth assistance and diffult positions Note on prevention: avoid using a large buck on doelings; use a buck from which you expect smaller kids!
SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

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Goat keeping

Just after Birth

Check that kid's nose and mouth are clean Check if another kid is coming Let doe lick the kid clean // rub clean & dry Navel desinfection with iodine Ensure that teats are not blocked Ensure that kid gets colostrum within 2 hours Check that placenta comes out within 12 hours (normal is 1-2 hours)
SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

Goat keeping

Kid Management
Separate kid and doe from other animals for 4-7 days Keep kid with the mother full time in the first four days to drink much and frequently colostrum Offer clean water from the beginning Offer some good feed and fodder from 1-2 weeks onwards Let kids take milk until 3 - 4 months old Vaccinate for Enterotoxaemia at 1 month Deworm from 2 months onwards if worm infestation is obvious

SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

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Goat keeping

Mortility in Kids due to Coldness

Causes:
poor feeding/poor condition of the doe results in low colostrum / milk production low intake of energy in the kid vulnerable to coldness start feeding concentrates 2 weeks before kidding change the diet gradually will give higher milk yield, less chance of milk fever warm housing with good ventilation; avoid draught and moisture

Prevention:

SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

Goat keeping

Internal and External Parasites in Goats

Goat Training for women
Servi Nabuurs Short Term Expert Small Ruminants Dr. Ibrar Hussain Local Expert Small Ruminants

SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

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Goat keeping

Roundworms
Internal parasites pierce the wall, suck blood and produce eggs They cause diarrhoea, anaemia, weakness Especially kids are vulnerable Symptoms: rough dull hair coat, thick stomach, arched back, weakness, cough (lungworms), diarrhoea, aneamia, ... Diagnosis through checking dung samples under a microscope Control by deworming (note: drench correctly in order not to drown the animal!) Use of clean swards and stallfeeding hay reduced infestation SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

Goat keeping

The life cycle of the liverfluke passes through the animal and snails; it therefore occurs always near wet places The Fluke damages the intestines and the liver and produces eggs that pass with the faeces The next cycle is in snails, after which they can infest grazing animals again

Liver Fluke

Symptoms are bottlejaw, weakness, aneamia, diarrhoea (with typical smell) Diagnosis through dung samples and checking them under a microscope in a laboratory Control by deworming SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

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Tapeworm I

SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

Goat keeping

Tapeworm II

SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

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Goat keeping

Internal parasites live from the tissue and the blood of the host and therefore take away the energy and proteins The feed nutrients are not used for production, such as growth and milk, but feed the parasites The result is weak animals and low production Kids can easily succumb and die Symptoms of poor hair coat, loose hair, anaemia,

Reasons for weakness and low production

SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

Goat keeping

External Parasites
Common external parasites are ticks, fleas, maggots, nasal bot, mites, scab and lice

SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

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External Parasites II
Symptoms: engorged ticks on the skin, itching, rough haircoat, loss of hair and skinn, mangy skin, ... Control by clean housing, removal by hands, washing with accaricides (insecticides), e.g. neguvon, ecofleas, Ivermectin (injectable), ...

SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

Goat keeping

Goat Management
Goat Training for women on Housing, Feeding, Milking and Matstitis
Servi Nabuurs Short Term Expert Small Ruminants Dr. Ibrar Hussain Local Expert Small Ruminants

SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

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Goat keeping

Goat Management Overview

Feeding
Health Management
Disease and Parasite Control

Housing + equipment Breeding

Care for Pregrant Does and for Kids

Milking (+ Mastitis)

Marketing (milk, animals)

SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

Goat keeping

Goat Feeding
Goats are browsers and grass eaters; they eat: Fodder: tree leaves, grass, straw, stovers, vegetable waste Concentrates: grains, bread, compound feed The feed must provide adequate nutrients in terms of energy, proteins, minerals and vitamins Never forget water: a dairy goat may need 6 to 10 litre water per day!
SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

do not feed all at once

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Goat keeping

Goat Feeding II
Goats are ruminants: feed is ingested and afterwards chewed again; the feed ferments first in the rumen; then it is digested further down the intestines Changed rations gradually to allow bacteria / protozoa in the rumen to adjust Ruminants spent about 8 hours eating, 8 hours ruminating and 8 hours sleeping / day
SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

Goat keeping

Incorrect Feeding
Provides insufficient nutrients that results in poor condition and low production May cause digestive problems, such as bloat (tympany) and acidosis Bloat symptoms: thick stomach; painful abdomen Foamy Bloat is due to intake of leguminous feeds: alfalfa or clovers: use vegetable oil or bloat treatment Gaseous Bloat is due to intake of too much concentrates or too fast change to a diet with much concentrates: use a stomach tube (" hose pipe) Acidosis is due to overeating of grains/flour products or too fast changing to such a diet Animals are listless and have a painful stomach use baking soda drench

SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

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Goat keeping

Feedstuffs and Fodder Production

Leaves of trees/shrubs, such as ipil ipil (Leucaena), Robinia (kiker), Acacias, Mulberry, Grewia (dhaman), ... Grasses Fodder: fresh, hay and silage Crop residues: straw and stover Kitchen waste: vegetables, breads, rice, ... Concentrates: grains, commercial concentrates (wanda), cotton seed cake, wheat bran, jaggery (gur), molasses Rock salt, minerals

SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

Goat keeping

Fodder Production and Conservation

Try to grow fodder trees around the house on field borders on the boder of the garden Grow fodder crops like mott grass (on borders) alfalfa, berseem, oats, ..... Prepare a Winter Stock of Fodder to feed the Goats: best is making hay Estimate the need in terms of bundles (guddi - 5kg dry fodder; minimum guddi per goat per day), so for three goats for 5 months: x 3 x 150 = 225 guddis Stovers from maize / sorghum need to be chopped before feeding

SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

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Goat keeping

How Much to Feed?

Feed quantity and quality depend on the needs of the animal: growth, milk production, pregnancy, condition Grazing and browsing allows the animals to find their own feed Supplement at home with fodder, branches, concentrates and salt Amount of concentrates can vary from a few hundred grams to one kilogram (approximately kg concentrates/Liter of Milk) Never give all concentrates in one time (risk of acidosis)! Always give free access to fodder/hay/ straw, salt and WATER! Always check the condition, behaviour and manure if this all appears normal SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

Goat keeping

Goat Housing
Housing provides protection against rains, coldness, predators, theft, ... Goat housing is dry, well-ventilated (no draft), clean (and easy to clean), has facilities to give clean food and water Goats like to climb on heights: include an elevated part for goats to lay and sleep: it is clean! Allows to keep animals separate, e.g. a doe with kid, the buck (think of smell that can contaminate the milk), sick animals Has storage for utensils, feeds (think of rats / mice) Check for a good drainage and storage place for the manure to use in the field/garden SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

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Milking
Milking utensils: Milking:
bucket cleaning materials: brush detergent strip-cup/plate prepare udder: wash with warm water, dry; this stimulates 'milk-let-down' Few strips from each teat to check the milk for clots Milk with proper 'full-hand' technique After milking dip teats in desinfecting solution, e.g. diluted iodine

Note: stripping overstretches the udder tissue and reduces the live of the udder

SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

Goat keeping

Cleanliness for Milk

Have a clean place to milk Cut any possible long or dirty hair near udder After milking clean the untensils:
Rinse with (warm) water Brush with detergent Rinse with clean water Drip dry (if possible in the sun) Store in a clean (fly-free) place

Keep milk in clean containers as cool as possible Boiling / pasteurzing milk allows to keep the milk longer without deteriorating Milk products (yoghurt, curd, butter, cheese) have longer keeping properties; be hygienic in the preparation and storage
SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

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Goat keeping

Mastitis is an inflammation of parts of or the whole udder It starts unnoticed Second stage: change of milk: change of texture, clots, watery milk, blood Acute: swelling of udder; high temperature of affected area, puple colour, damage of the udder Detection:

Mastitis

Prevention:

Prestrip and check for clots on a black surface Boils and clot test: heat some fresh milk and check if it clots Surf-test: make 2% Surf solution and mix with milk: if it clots there is sub-clinical mastitis Clean milking practice Clean and dry housing Teat dipping after milking Avoid the 'udder bag'

Treatment:

Ask veterinary professional

SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

Goat keeping

Vaccination and Treatment Schedule for Goats

J F M A M J J A Vaccinations
Enterotoxaemia FMD CCPP PPR
only in mountains; repeat after 3 yrs

S O N D
boost

X X

kids

boost

boost

X X X X X

Deworming Helminths/Fluke

SLSP: European Commission, ALA ProgrammeEuropeAid/114465/C/SV/PK

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