Manual AES Chemunex Micro (En) (Full)

Culture media for the food industry
AES Chemunex Rue Maryse Basti Ker Lann CS17219 35172 Bruz cedex - France Tel : +33 (0)2 23 50 12 12 fax : +33 (0)2 23 50 12 00 http://www.aes-lab.com contact@aeschemunex.com
ES Chemunex is ISO 9001:2000 certified for the design, manufacturing and sales of
reagents, instruments, consumables and materials for microbiology laboratories.
As to guarantee the quality and the performance of our culture media, we process and control them according to the specifications described in the ISO 7218 & 11133 (part 1 & 2) standards. The environment process (hygiene, pressurisation, temperature, humidity) undergoes a harsh and continuous monitoring. Preventive servicing is carried out on the processing machinery. Measurement and test control appliances are calibrated and adjusted to the standard reference. A highly qualified staff and clearly described procedures make the process easily accessible to each employee. Our media go through physical and chemical controls (pH, volume, appearance) during process and before final validation of batches. Qualitative and quantitative microbiology tests are carried out on each batch before testing their efficiency on stability, fertility and reactivity. Micro-organisms strains used for fertility tests are the ones specified by the ISO 11133-2 standard. Through its experience and expertise, AES Chemunex establishes the finest storage and theory shelf life for their media according to the components and the packaging. Once established these theory expiry dates are then validated or amended:
By quantitative comparison tests between batches of media close to their expiry date and freshly made ones.
By fluctuation temperature tests as to characterize the optimum preservation and transport conditions. The Validation of culture media performances after transport (5 days) file is available upon request.
Our media carry a label or a stamp on which is indicated a preservation temperature. This information is only given as a guide line figure as being the optimum condition for storage established by our laboratory. More importantly, an isolated derive or a moderate variation in temperature that could occur during transport or incubation does not affect (only in scares exceptions) the quality of our products.
Keeping the temperature constant is essential throughout the shelf life, nevertheless, a vast majority of our products have succeeded reactivity tests after suffering moderate temperature changes. This of course not only stands for transport phases but also for their incubation when the media are used. A special file is available, on request, summering up all the stability validation tests after transport. When a medium is at its most fragile, for example ready poured dishes of Baird Parker, we avoid transport increase such as week-ends and Bank holidays as to minimise alteration. Each one of our packs is sealed with a standard label as a warranty of inviolability (Tamper proof label). On this label figure the following data:
Name of the product, packaging and quantities Storage temperature, Reference, Batch number, expiring date.
A quality control certificate known as detachable and self-adhesive is composed of the following information:
Name of the product, packaging and quantities Reference, Batch number, expiry date and pH. A conformity statement notifying that the quality control has been carried out following a Quality Control Protocol QCP which auditing index is referred to. An up date of the latest QCP version is easily accessible through our web site or just by contacting our microbiology technical department (Phone or mail). To have access to the QCP via the web site you will be given a password when you first login. From then on wards an e-mail will be sent to you when a modification occurs.
Moreover, the label is composed of 12 stickers on which figure the following details: Name of product, batch number, and expiring date. A new irradiating equipment allows to produce perfectly controlled and homogeneous radiosterilised media (for more details please contact us).
Finally, as a token of our professionalism and transparency, we would like to stress that our production site can be visited by all our customers upon request. Please, contact us for more details.
QCP and control certificate management
A vast majority of our media have now detachable self-adhesive quality control certificate that you can find on their packaging. This new form of certificate will firstly shorten the time spent on controlling the different statements and secondly minimise the volume of papers filed. The self-adhesive certificate refers to our protocol and control certifications, known as Quality Control Protocols (QCP). These protocols carry an auditing index up dated when the protocol is modified (new packaging, use of new micro-organism strains ).The self-adhesive label gives the variable data belonging to the batch (ie: number, pH, expiring date). The QCP lists all the other details of the control: appearance, sterility, fertility By sticking the quality control certificate to the QCP it refers to, all the details of the data controlled on the batch are then filed. The self-adhesive certificate guarantees that all the different steps of the procedure listed on the QCP have been validated before releasing the batch. Any modification given to the QCP by AES Chemunex, entails a revision of the auditing index. This modification then automatically appears on the self-adhesive certificate of the newly controlled batches. As to keep your paper work up dated you then just need to obtain the new version by contacting our microbiology technical department (phone, mail, fax) or logging onto our website: www.aeslaboratoire.com. To get access to the QCP on our website you need to register (free service) on our on-line service sheet. This formality not only allows you to get access to the QCP but also to the medias technical sheets, and most importantly to be informed by mail that a QCP has been revised. This service will help guaranty the follow-up and up date of your media files.
Quality Control Protocol reference and index revision letter (Download Quality Control Protocol (QCP) from our web site: www.aeslaboratoire.com)
Detachable sticker
Self adhesive detachable Q.C. certificate
pH measured of the batch Products abbreviation
12 individual self adhesive & detachable stickers
N.B : All our culture media follow the PCQ system excepting dehydrated versions, packs of 5 tubes and packs of 10 ready poured dishes. Your contact: Claire GARDYN phone: 00 33(0)2 23 50 12 64 - fax : 00 33 (0)2 23 50 12 00 e-mail : claire.gardyn@aeslaboratoire.com

1. Diluents & confirmation reagents
Buffered Peptone Water .............................................................................. p.10 Peptone salt (Maximum recovery diluent).................................................... p.11 Half Fraser broth.......................................................................................... p.12 Fraser broth ................................................................................................. p.13 Mucap test (adapted protocol for SMS method) .......................................... p.14 Test Oxidase................................................................................................ p.15 Kovacs ......................................................................................................... p.16 D-cycloserine ............................................................................................... p.17 Cryo beads. ................................................................................................. p.18 Sterile defibrinated blood ............................................................................. p.19 R.P.F AFNOR .............................................................................................. p.20
2. Analysis Total flora..................................................................................................... p.22 PCA................................................................................................... p.23 Yeasts and moulds ...................................................................................... p.24 Y.G.C ............................................................................................... p.25 O.G.A ................................................................................................ p.26 DG18................................................................................................. p.27 GramEnterobacteria ............................................................................................ p.29 EE broth Mossel ................................................................................ p.31 V.R.B.G ............................................................................................. p.32 Coliforms...................................................................................................... p.33 V.R.B.L.............................................................................................. p.34 V.R.B.L MUG.................................................................................. p.35 E.coli ............................................................................................................ p.36 T.B.X ................................................................................................ p.37 Salmonella ................................................................................................... p.38 ASAP................................................................................................. p.39 RVS (Rappaport Vassiliadis Soja)..................................................... p.40 MKTTn (Mller Kauffmann tetrathionate-novobiocine) ...................... p.41 X.L.D ................................................................................................. p.42 SMS .................................................................................................. p.43
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X.L.T.4............................................................................................... p.46 Drigalski ........................................................................................... p.47 Wilson and Blair modified p.48 Edel Kampelmacher (Brilliant Green Agar ISO) p.49 Kligler-Hajna p.50 Shigella p.51 Mac Conkey agar p.52 Hektoen p.53 T.S.I p.54 Enterobacter sakazakii p.55 ESIA/ESSB p.57 mLST p.58 Other culture media p.59 Vibrions TCBS p.60 Yersinia CIN p.61
Gram+ Staphylococci p.63 Baird-Parker p.67 Baird-Parker + RPF p.69 Brain Heart Infusion Broth p.70 Lyophilised Rabbit Plasma p.71 DNA p.72 Giolitti Cantoni p.73 Clostridium p.74 T.S.C and Tryptose sulfite p.77 Thioglycollate Resazurin p.79 Listeria p.80 ALOA p.83 Oxford p.86 Palcam p.87 Columbia 3 p.88 Blood agar (base) p.89 T.S.Y.E p.90 Bacillus cereus p.91 Mossel (MYP) p.92 Campylobacter p.93 Campylobacter according to Karmali p.95 Brucella p.96 Preston p.97 Lactic flora p.98 M.R.S p.99
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Diluents & confirmation reagents
Dilubag
In order to optimize the sample preparation, the majority of our diluents are available in 3 or 5 litre Dilubags (dilution broth bags).
Dilumat 4 diluter (AESAP1056)
Dilusafe rack (AESDI0314)
Diluplug: high flow rate connector (AESDI0313)
Ready to start your day !
BUFFERED PEPTONE WATER

Dilution buffer In Vitro Use only To be stored between 18 and 23 C
PRINCIPLE Buffered Peptone water is used for preenriching damaged Salmonella species from food specimens to increase recovery. Its formula is conform to the standards: NF V 08-011, V 08-052, V 04-501 and ISO 6579. This medium is use for the first step of the protocol when screening for Salmonella in foodstuff before using the selective enrichment broth. The phosphate buffer in the medium therefore maintaining the pH at an adequate level throughout the incubation, thus helping the revivification of germs sensitive to acid pH. It is wiser to use this medium when preparing dilution of foodstuff samples that have undergone stressful conditions (Example : Pasteurisation) that have could damaged the germs without eliminating then. FORMULA In grammes per litre of purified water.
Peptone Sodium phosphate, Dibasic Potassium phosphate, Monobasic Sodium chloride 10,00 3,56 1,50 5,00 20,00 7,12 3,00 10,00
BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. AFNOR V 08-011. Directives gnrales pour le dnombrement des micro-organismes. Mthode par comptage des colonies obtenues 30 C. 2. AFNOR V 08-013 ISO 6579 Microbiologie-Directives gnrales concernant les mthodes de recherche des Salmonella. 3. AFNOR V 04-501. Directives gnrales concernant les mthodes de recherche des Salmonella. 4. AFNOR V08-052 . Mthode de routine pour la recherche de Salmonella dans les produits alimentaires. PACKAGING Dehydrated medium AEB140301: 100 g AEB140302 : 500 g AEB140303 : 5 kg Ready measured dehydrated medium AEB240309 : qsp 9 litres AEB240312 : qsp 12 litres AEB240318 : qsp 18 litres AEB240380/15 : qsp 80 litres Ready to use media AEB610304 : 6 Flasks of 90 ml AEB610306 : 6 Flasks of 100 ml AEB610307 : 6 Flasks of 200 ml AEB610308 : 6 Flasks of 225 ml AEB110310 : 100 tubes of 9 ml AEB610306M : 6 flaks with septum of 100ml AEB110308M : 1 flask of 900ml AEB910303 : Pouch of 3 L AEB910305 : Pouch of 5 L Buffered peptone water double concentration AEB610316 : Pack of 6 flasks 100 ml Buffered peptone water with 0.5% of Tween 80 AEB1110314M : Flask of 490 ml AEB610329L : Pack of 6 flasks of 900 ml AEB910323 : Pouch of 3 L Made by AES Chemunex - Combourg - France 140302: 02/01/2006 - O
Final pH : 7,0 + 0,2 at 25 C Note: in italic characters the formula for double concentration buffered peptone water. METHOD Suspend 20,0 g of powder into 1 litre of distilled water. Bring slowly to the boil, stirring to obtain complete dissolution. Dispense into tubes or flasks. Sterilize in autoclave for 15 minutes at 121 C PROCEDURE In sterile conditions dilute the sample (10 or 25 g) in order to get a decimal dilution. Homogenise well. Incubate round about 18 hours at 37 then C, inoculate the adequate selective enrichment broth according to the analysed product.
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PEPTONE SALT
Isotonic broth for dilution For in vitro use To be stored between 18 and 23 C
PRINCIPLE
The maximum recovery diluent is an isotonic diluent containing a low level of peptone and sodium chloride. It is used for maintaining the viability of organisms during dilution procedures of food or water samples. Its formulation complies with ISO standards 6887 and 4833. The maximum recovery diluent has no lethal action on organisms, because of the presence of a low level of peptone and a pH of 7,0 as protections. However, during the dilution stage (1 to 2 hours), there will be no growth of the organisms.
PACKAGING
Dehydrated medium AEB141492 : 500 g AEB141493 : 5 kg Prepared medium AEB611492 : 6 flasks of 45 ml AEB611494 : 6 flasks of 90 ml AEB611494M: 6 flasks with septum of 90 ml AEB611496 : 6 flasks of 100 ml AEB611498 : 6 flasks of 225 ml AEB111500 : 100 tubes of 5 ml AEB111499 : 100 tubes of 9 ml AEB111498M : Flask with septum of 900 ml AEB611499L: 6 flasks of 900 mL AEB611501M: 6 flasks with septum of 500 mL AEB911493: Dilibag of 3L AEB911495: Dilubag of 5L Prepared medium with 0,3 % of cystein AEB111489 : 100 tubes of 9 ml Prepared medium with 0,2 % of polysorbate 80 AEB611474 : 6 flasks of 50 ml AEB611476 : 6 flasks of 100 ml Made by : AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France
FORMULA
In grams per liter of purified water Peptone Sodium chloride Final pH: 7,0 +/- 0,2 at 25 C 1,00 8,50
PREPARATION
Suspend 9,5 grams of the powder in one liter of purified water. Mix thoroughly and warm gently until dissolution is complete. Dispense and sterilize by autoclaving at 121 for 15 C min.
PROCEDURE
Preparation of mother solution from dairy products Bring the medium to about 25 C Introduce 10 or 25 grams of the sample in respectively 90 or 225 ml of maximum recovery diluent. Homogenize. Preparation of decimal dilutions Introduce 1 ml of the mother solution in a 9 ml tube of maximum recovery diluent. Homogenize and start again with the next dilution. 141492:16/03/05-E
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. 2. 3. Straker R.P. and Stokes J.L. Rapid destruction of bacteria in commonly used diluents and its elimination. Appl. Microbiol. ; 1957. 5:21-25 Patterson J.W. and Cassels J.A. J.appl.Bacteriol. ; 1963. 26:493-497 International Organization for Standarization. Microbiology - General guidance for the preparation of dilutions for microbiological examination. ; 1983. BS5763 Part 6- Preparation of the dilutions. ISO 6887. Directives gnrales pour la prparation des dilutions en vue de l'examen microbiologique. ISO 4833. Directives gnrales pour le dnombrement de micro-organismes.
4. 5.
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HALF FRASER BROTH

Selective enrichment medium for Listeria monocytogenes In vitro use only
DESCRIPTION
This complete medium is a modification of the formulation suggested by Donelly and Baigent. In order to reinforce selectivity, the nalidixic acid concentration is reduced to 20mg/l while the acriflavine concentration is increased to 25mg/l. The nalidixic acid inhibits Gram negative bacteria growth, and the acriflavine inhibits Gram positive bacteria growth. The lithium chloride inhibits the enterococcus that also hydrolyse esculin. The sodium chloride increase selectivity, and phosphate salts create a buffer effect in the tubes that allegedly contain some esculin hydrolysing bacteria, such as Listeria. Esculin is a glucoside that produces esculetin and glucose when it is hydrolysed. The esculetin reacts with amonium ferric citrate to create a dark brown or black complex. The Fraser Demi medium has been developed from this medium, reducing selectivity by including less nalidixic acid and acriflavine with respective concentrations of 10 and 12.5mg/l.
PROCEDURE
Some 25g samples are enriched by homogenising in 225ml of Fraser Demi, and then incubated at 30 for 18 to 24 C hours.
Alternative method AES 10/3 09/00 Inoculate a ALOA agar dish, spreading 0,1 ml of incubated broth. Routine method AFNOR standard NFV 08 055 Perform a second enrichment, pouring 0.1ml of the initial enrichment broth into tubes containing 10ml of Fraser Demi broth. Incubate for 18 to 24 hours at 37 and C isolate at each step by spreading on Oxford or Palcam. LIMITS AND PRECAUTIONS
When hydrolysing esculin, Listeria and other bacteria darken the medium. Using a single medium for the exhaustive detection of specific colonies in a sample is rarely suitable. Some selective media may inhibit strains for species that are looked for, or they may allow the growth of other that are not required, especially when the latter are numerous in the sample. Using a comparative inoculation of samples is then advised, in order to obtain the maximum of details and consequently make it easier to identify the potentially pathogen colonies.
FORMULA
Dehydrated basis for Fraser Demi In grams per litre of distilled water. Peptone proteose Tryptone Meat extract Yeast extract Sodium Chloride Disodic phosphate Monopotassic phosphate Esculin Lithium chloride Nalidixic acid Acriflavine HCI Final pH: 7,2 +/- 0,2 at 25 C Supplement for Fraser and Fraser Demi In grams per 10ml of distilled water Ammonium ferric citrate 0.5 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 20.00 9.6 1.35 1.00 3.00 0.010 0.0125
BIBLIOGRAPHY
2. 3. 4. Fraser and Sperber. 1988. Rapid detection of Listeria spp. In food and environmental samples by esculin hydrlysis. J. Food Prot. 51: 762-765. Donelly and Baigent. 1986. Method for flow cytometric detection of Listeria monocytogenes in milk. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 52: 689-695. AFNOR NF V 08-055. Dcembre 1993. Microbiologie Alimentaire. Recherche de Listeria monocytogenes. Mthode de routine.
PRESENTATION
PREPARATION
Pour 55 gram of powder into 1 litre of distilled water. If necessary, you may bring to the boil to obtain perfect dissolving. Spread into 225ml bottles. Autoclave for 15 minutes at 121 DO NOT OVERHEAT. C. Before inoculation, add aseptically to each flask 2,25ml of supplement for Fraser or sterile solution containing 112,5 mg of ammonium ferric citrate. Either liquid or dehydrated ammonium ferric citrate may be added before autoclaving, leading to a final concentration of 0,5 gram per litre of broth. A slight precipitate may appear. It is not prejudicial to the analysis.
Dehydrated medium AEB140412: 500g bottle AEB140413: 5 kg barrel AEB140414: QSP 4 litres AEB240414: QSP 10 litres AEB240412: QSP 12 litres AEB240418: QSP 18 litres Ready to use medium AEB610416: 6 x 100ml flasks AEB610418: 6 x 225ml flasks AEB610419L: 6 x 900 ml flasks AEB6140418P: 6 x 225 ml flasks without citrate AEB910913: Dilubag 3 L AEB910915: Dilubag 5 L
Supplement for Fraser

AEB110425: 5 x 10 ml tubes B1110.16 : dehydrated 1 kg barrel Made by AES Laboratoire Combourg France 140412: 24/02/04 - G
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FRASER BROTH
Selective enrichment medium for Listeria monocytogenes For In Vitro use only To be stored between 18 and 23 C
DESCRIPTION
This complete medium is a modification of the formulation suggested by Donelly and Baigent. In order to reinforce selectivity, the nalidixic acid concentration is reduced to 20mg/l while the acriflavine concentration is increased to 25mg/l. The nalidixic acid inhibits Gram negative bacteria growth, and the acriflavine inhibits Gram positive bacteria growth. The lithium chloride inhibits the Enterococcus that also hydrolyze esculin. The sodium chloride increase selectivity, and phosphate salts create a buffer effect in the tubes that allegedly contain some esculin hydrolyzing bacteria, such as Listeria.
PROCEDURE ISO standard ISO 11290-1 : Add 25 grams of test material to 225 ml of Half Fraser broth and mix thoroughly. Incubate at 30 for 24 C hours. Streak the Half Fraser broth culture to Oxford and Palcam plates and transfer 0,1 ml to 10 of Fraser broth. Incubate the plates at 37 for 24 to 48 hours at 37 C C and the Fraser broth at 37 for 48 hours. C Streak the Fraser broth culture to Oxford and Palcam broth. Incubate the plates at 37 for 24 to 48 hours. C Examine plates for suspect colonies. LIMITATIONS OF THE PROCEDURE
When hydrolyzing esculin, Listeria and other bacteria darken the medium. Using a single medium for the exhaustive detection of specific colonies in a sample is rarely suitable. Some selective media may inhibit strains for species that are looked for, or they may allow the growth of other that are not required, especially when the latter are numerous in the sample. Using a comparative inoculation of samples is then advised, in order to obtain the maximum of details and consequently make it easier to identify the potentially pathogen colonies.
Esculin is a glucoside that produces esculetin and glucose when it is hydrolysed. The esculetin reacts with ammonium ferric citrate to create a dark brown or black complex.
FORMULA
Dehydrated basis for Fraser In grams per liter of purified water. Proteose peptone Tryptone Meat extract Yeast extract Sodium chloride Sodium phosphate, dibasic Potassium phosphate, monobasic Esculin Lithium chloride Nalidixic acid Acriflavine HCl Final pH: 7,2 +/- 0,2 at 25 C Supplement for Fraser and Fraser Demi In grams per 10ml of purified water Ferric ammonium citrate 0,5 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 20,0 9,6 1,35 1,0 3,0 0,02 0,025
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. 2. 3. Fraser and Sperber. 1988. Rapid detection of Listeria spp. In food and environmental samples by esculin hydrolysis. J. Food Prot. 51: 762-765. Donelly and Baigent. 1986. Method for flow cytometric detection of Listeria monocytogenes in milk. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 52: 689-695. ISO 11290-1 : 1996 Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs Horizontal methods for the detection and enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes Part 1 : detection method.
PACKAGING
PREPARATION
Pour 55 grams of powder into 1 liter of purified water. If necessary, you may bring to the boil to obtain perfect dissolving. Spread into 10 ml tubes. Autoclave for 15 minutes at 121 C. DO NOT OVERHEAT. Before inoculation, add aseptically to each tube 0,1ml of supplement for Fraser or sterile solution containing 0,5mg of ferric ammonium citrate. Either liquid or dehydrated ferric ammonium citrate may be added before autoclaving, leading to a final concentration of 0,5 gram per liter of broth. A slight precipitate may appear. It is not prejudicial to the analysis.
Dehydrated medium AEB140422: 500g bottle AEB140413: 5 kg barrel

AEB240414: QSP 10 litres AEB240412: QSP 12 litres AEB240418: QSP 18 litres
Ready to use medium AEB110425 : 5 tubes of 10 ml AEB110429 : Pack of 100 tubes of 10 ml AEB610428 : Pack of 6 flasks of 225 ml Supplement for Fraser AEB110425: 5 tubes of 10 ml B1110.16 : dehydrated 1 kg barrel Made by AES Laboratoire - Combourg France 140422 : 13/07/01-F
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MUCAP TEST (Adapted protocol for SMS method)

For In Vitro use Store between 2 and 8 C
PRINCIPLE
A number of essays have been carried out on methylumbelliferone fluorescent derivative substrate. MUCAP TEST contains an organic solvent in which a height carbon chain of carbohydrate (a specific substrate of the C8-esterase enzyme) linked to methylumbellyferone is dissolved. This substrate in esterified by C8-esterase, resulting to the release umbellyferone known to by fluorescent under a Wood light (366 nm).
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Pontello M., S. Russolo, F. Carozzi and V. Bottiroli. 1987. Evaluation of a new, rapid method (Mucap Test) for the presumptive identification of Salmonella on primary isolation media. Fifth International Symposium on Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology and immunoIogy. Florence, 4-6 November. 2. Humbert F., G. Salvat, P. Colin, C. Lahellec and G. Bennejean. 1989. Rapid identification of Salmonella from poultry meat products by using 'Mucap test'. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 8:79-83. 3. Aguirre P.M., J.B. Cacho, L. Folgueira, M. Lopez, J. Garcia and A.C. Velasco. 1990. Rapid Fluorescence method for screening Salmonella spp from enteric differential agars. J. CLin. Microbiol. 28:148-149.
PROCEDURE
Within the frame word of SMS method, place one drop of MUCAP TEST at the edge of the migration zone of presumptively positive in Salmonella plates. 1. Before adding the reactive, place the plate under a Wood light to look for any natural existing fluorescence. If this step show no fluorescence proceed to step 2. 2. Plate at the edge of the migration zone (or in the centre of the plate where the 3 migration zones joint up) one drop of MUP TEST. 3. Wait 5 to 8 minutes and then observe in the dark under a Wood light.
PACKAGING
AEB191500 : 8 ml flask for 160 tests. VL6L : Wood light battery powered VBL16006011: Dark chamber to use with VL6L light VBL16015011: Dark chamber with equipped with 4 wood lights plugged in the mains supply. Distributed by: AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France 191500SMS : 24/02/05 - D
RESULTS
The test is considered as positive when fluorescence is seen where the drop of reactive was originally placed. MUCAP TEST does not impair on the viability of bacteria. To isolate the strain in order to identify it proceed by taking directly a sample of growth from the migration edge using an inoculating loop or a closed pipette. If MUCAP test is negative (no fluorescence after 8 minutes) perform a subculture on a selective media for Salmonella using the previously described method. After incubation, if typical colonies are seen on the plate, proceed to biochemical and serological tests.
LIMITS & PRECAUTIONS

The intensity of fluorescence is proportionally linked to the quality of the exciting source. Wood lights that are plugged in the mains supply guaranty a better quality than those battery powdered. A second aspect for performing the test under excellent conditions is the obscurity. The use of an enclosed chamber provided with protective window assures the best result.
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OXIDASE TEST
Test to detect oxidase enzyme In Vitro use only Store between 2 and 8 C
PRINCIPLE Oxidase is an enzyme produced by some bacteria for electron transport and nitrate metabolism. Detection of this enzyme in freshly grown cultures is useful in the identification of some species. Enterobacteria are oxidase negative Pseudomonas are oxidase positive. The test is based on the intracellular production by the bacteria of oxidase. In presence of oxygen and cytochrome c, the substrate of the enzyme is oxidised into a purple coloured metabolite. FORMULA Strips inpregnanted with N,N,N,N-tetramethyl-1,4 phenylene diamine. PROCEDURE Smear a portion of freshly cultured colony onto the strip. RESULTS A positive reaction is seen when a violet to purple coloration appears after 5 seconds. A negative results is given when an absence of coloration or a late coloration is seen. LIMITS & PRECAUTIONS 1. Freshly grown colonies on selective medium or medium with high glucose concentrations can give false negative results. 2. Strain producing low levels of oxidase enzyme such as Pasteurella, can show a false negative test after 5 secondes. Discordent oxidase test with metabolism results should be repeated. 3. False positive reactions can be seen when microorganism cultures are not pure (ex: Pseudomonas & Neisseria). 4. A Nichrome wire to pick off the colony should not be used to proceed to the test since this metal may generate false positives.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. KOVACS, Nature, 178:703.1956 2. STEEL, K.J., J. Appl. Bacteriol., 25:445, 1962 PACKAGING MGNMID61G : Pack of 50 strips Distributed by : AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France MID61G: 03/11/03-A
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KOVACS
Kovacs reagent for the detection of Indole production In Vitro use only Store between 2 and 8 C
PRINCIPLE Kovacs reagent is used to reveal the presence of indole which is one of the end products of tryptophane oxidation by bacteria. The active ingredient in Kovacs reagent, pDimethylaminobenzaldehyde reacts with indole to form a pinkish red compound. FORMULA p-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde Amyl alcohol Hydrochloric acid Amber flask
BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Kovacs N. 1928. Eine vereinfachte Methode zum Nachweis der Indolbildung durch Bakterien. Z. Immunittsforsch. 55:311-315.
5,00 g 75,00 ml 25,00 ml
PACKAGING Ready to use solution AEB190504 : 25 ml flask AEB190502 : 50 ml flask Made by AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France
190504 : 16/02/04-B
PROCEDURE The test is carried out onto the surface of the appropriate medium such as : - peptone water without indole, - Schubert broth, - S.I.M. agar, - Urea-indole broth - Tryptophane broth. RESULTS Edwersiella, E. coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Levinea, Morganella morganii, Proteus rettgeri & vulgaris, Providencia are INDOLE +. Citrobacter, Enterobacter aerogenes & cloacae, Hafniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella, Serratia liquefaciens & marcescens, Shigella sonnei, Y. pseudotuberculosis are INDOLE -. LIMITS & PRECAUTIONS It is important to be sure that the medium used to support the test contains sufficient amino acid trytophane and no trace of indole.
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D-CYCLOSERINE
Culture media supplement In Vitro use only Store between 2 and 8 C
PRINCIPLE 4 % sterile D-cycloserine in solution is used as additive for T.S.C Agar. The addition of this chemical increases the selectivity of the medium Clostridium perfringens and helps reading the plates by lessening the black halo around the colonies. FORMULA Lyophilisated D-cycloserine
200,00 mg
METHOD Regenerate D-clycloserine with 5 ml of sterile purified water. Homogenize well, then add to 500 ml of TSC Agar base liquefied and kept at 45 or C 0.2 ml per tubes of 20 ml. LIMITS & PRECAUTIONS Once regenerated the supplement can be kept up to 12 hours if stored at 2-8 or 2 month if frozen at C 20 C. When frozen it is important to fraction the supplement in order to defreeze only the quantity needed. The regenerated supplement will surfer from cycles of defrosting/refreezing. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Harmon S.M., Kautter D.A. and Peeler J.T. 1971 Improved medium for enumeration of Clostridium perfringens. App. Microbiol. 22:688. PACKAGING
Lyophilized supplement
AEB184002 : Q.S.P. 500 ml of medium base Made by AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France 184002 :23/05/01-C
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CRYO BEADS
Preservation of reference strains In Vitro use only Store between 18 and 23 C
DESCRIPTION
The Cryo beads system is a little tube containing beads on which micro organisms can stick. The beads are immersed in a hyper tonic cryo-preservative solution. Once inoculated , the tubes are stored between 20 and 70 C. Each box contains 64 tubes of 25 beads, densely packed for storage in a freezer. This is a cheaper, simple and reliable method for strains preservation. It may be used for any type of microorganism.
LIMITS AND PRECAUTIONS

Protect the tubes from any type of heat or bright light, even during inoculation. Make sure that the cryo-preservative solution is clear. Do not use the solution if it is cloudy.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. White DJ Sands R.L. 1985. Storage of Bacteria at 76 Medical Laboratory Sciences. 42:289-290. C. 2. Feltham R.K.A., Pell P.A., Sneath P.H.A. 178. A simple method for storage of bacteria at 76 Journal C. of Apply Bacteriology. 44:313-316.
REAGENTS
Each box contains 64 tubes in which 25 beads are immersed in a cryo-preservative solution.
PRESENTATION PROCEDURE
AEB400100 : box of 64 tubes containing 25 beads. Made by AES Laboratoire Combourg France 400100 : 19/09/02 - C Strains preservation 1 Use a permanent marker to identify the tube to be inoculated. 2 Inoculate the tube with a fresh and pure culture that corresponds to a density of 3 or 4 on Mc Farland scale. 3 Close the tube and turn it upside down to spread germs evenly. 4 With a sterile pipette, remove the maximum of solution from the tube. Then place the cap back on. 5 Store the cryo-beads tubes in a freezer. The ideal temperature is 70 Temperature should be at least C. 20 C. Preserved strains culture. 1 - Take the tube out of the freezer. Take only one tube at a time. In this way tubes that are not used will not get warm. 2 Open the tube and remove one bead, using sterile tweezers. 3 Place the bead into a tube containing a broth with a medium appropriate for the species. You may also roll the bead on the surface of an agar plate. 4 Incubate according to the species requirements. 5 Place the tube back into the freezer as soon as possible so that the other beads do not warm up. Destroy the bead that you used in an appropriate way.
18
STERILE DEFIBRINATED BLOOD

In Vitro use only Store between 2 and 8 C
PRINCIPLE Sterile defibrinated blood is used to supplement culture medium to help the growth of fastidious germs such as pneumococci or Haemophilus. The addition of blood in a nutrient base offers an adequate medium for characterizing the hemolytic power of microorganism strains. The Blood is free from any antiseptic or anticoagulant. PROCEDURE Fresh blood Agar. Add 2 to 10 % of sterile fresh blood to appropriate liquefied nutrient Agar base cooled to 45-50 or a C broth. Homogenise well and dispatich in tubes or plates. Cooked Blood Agar. Add 5 % of sterile fresh blood to appropriate liquefied nutrient agar base cooled to 45-50 C. Homogenize well then heat to 80 in a water bath C for 15 minutes. Cool to 45 homogenize well then C, dispatch in to sterile Petri plates. LIMITS & PRECAUTIONS Sheep blood inhibits the growth of Haemophilus (ex : Haemophilus haemolyticus). Some strains of Enterococci hemolytic with on horse blood plate but can be hemolytic on sheep blood agar plates. It is recommended to use sheep blood Agar plates as first growth trials. Sterile defibrinated fresh blood can not be used for CFR tests, because spontaneous hemolysis can occur. Freezing/Defrosting triggers the hemolysis of the blood. PACKAGING Horse Blood AEB300025 : Flasks of 25 ml AEB300050 : Flasks of 50 ml AEB300100 : Flasks of 100 ml Sheep Blood AEB200025 : Flasks of 25 ml AEB200050 : Flasks of 50 ml AEB200100 : Flasks of 100 ml Distributed by AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France 300025 : 04/05/04 - B
19
R.P.F AFNOR
Rabbit Plasma Fibrinogen supplement In Vitro use only To be stored between 2 and 8 C
PRINCIPLE RPF supplement (Rabbit Plasma Fibrinogen) is intended to be added to Baird Parker base in order to detect the presence of coagulase. Rabbit plasma is the best substrate for this enzyme; fibrinogen is added to emphasize the reaction; trypsine inhibitor is used to prevent fibrinolyses and potassium tellurite is a selective agent. COMPONENTS Fibrinogen Rabbit plasma EDTA Trypsine inhibitor Potassium tellurite 375 mg 2,5 ml 2,5 mg 2,5 mg
BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Baird-Parker A.C. 1962. An improved diagnostic and selective medium for isolating coagulase positive staphylococci. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 25:12-19. 2. Norme AFNOR V08-057-2. Mthode de routine pour le dnombrement des Staphylocoques coagulase positive par comptage des colonies 37C. Partie 2 : technique sans confirmation des colonies. PACKAGING Lyophilised RPF supplement Store between 2 and 8C AEB184100 : AFNOR 12 qsp 100 ml AEB184106: AFNOR 6 qsp 100ml AEB184110: AFNOR qsp 4 l AEB184111: AFNOR qsp 1 l Ready poured medium Store between 2 and 8C AEB520330: Pack of 20 dishes ( 90 mm) AEB520329 : Pack of 120 dishes ( 90 mm)
METHOD Add 10 mL of purified sterile water to one vial and dissolve completely its contents. Transfer the prepared solution to 90 mL of autoclaved Baird Parker base cooled to 48 C. Homogenize carefully then dispatch into sterile Petri dishes. PROCEDURE Using a glass spatula, spread 0.1 ml of the sample (or its decimals dilutions) onto the surface of a ready poured dish. Incubate at 37C for 24, then 48 hours if no growth is detected. RESULTS Enumerate any colonies (black or not) that are surrounded by a precipitation halo. Confirmation of the potential pathogen character of the strain is done by looking for the thermonuclease on Lachica medium.
Made by : AES Laboratoire - Combourg France 184100 : 16/01/04 A
20
Analysis
21
Total flora enumeration at 30C

NF ISO 4833 V08-011 standard - July 2001
Decimal dilution of the sample in Peptone salt broth (AEB111499 - pack of 100 tubes of 9 ml)
Inoculation by incorporation on PCA agar (AEB620707 - 6 flasks of 200 ml) with 1 ml of each dilution Incubation 72+/-3 hours at 30+/- 1C
Enumeration of the colonies and expression of the results according to the dilutions.
22
PCA
Plate Count Agar In vitro use only To be stored between 18 and 23 C
DESCRIPTION The standard Plate Count Agar is used for aerobic micro-organisms enumeration in milk, meat, products made out of meat and other foodstuff. It is also used for the analysis of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products, and their raw materials. FORMULA In grammes per litre of distilled water.
Pastone Yeast extract Glucose Agar 5,00 2,50 1,00 15,00
Final pH: 7,0 +/- 0,2 to 25 C PREPARATION Pour 23.5 grammes of powder into one litre of distilled water. Bring to the boil, with frequent stirring to ensure complete dissolution. Dispense into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 minutes at 121 C. PROCEDURE Liquefy the agar then keep the medium at a temperature of approximately 45-50 C. Place 1ml of the product to be tested or its decimal dilutions into sterile Petri dishes. Dispense 12ml of melted agar. Shake slightly to mix correctly and leave it to solidify. For mesophilic micro-organisms, incubate at 30 C for 72 hours. For thermophilic micro-organisms, incubate at 55 C. Finally, for psychrophilic micro-organisms, incubate at 7 C. RESULTS The enumeration should be performed on plates that present between 30 and 300 colonies. NOTE For dairy microbiology, it is interesting to add 1g/l of powder skimmed milk into the basic agar. In this case, caseolytic bacteries grow with a clearer halo around their colonies, indicating milk caseine proteolysis.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. FIL-IDF 49 . 1970. Mthode normalise pour le dnombrement des germes totaux dans les poudres de lait et de lactosrum (mthode de rfrence). 2. FIL-IDF 61. 1971. Crmes glaces et glaces au lait. Dnombrement des germes totaux. 3. J. O. du 27 Aot 1963. Contrle des laits concentrs sucrs et des laits secs. 4. American Public Health Association - 1960. Standard methods for the examination of dairy th prducts. 11 ed. APHA Inc., New York. 5. Mthode officielle pour le dnombrement des germes arobies msophiles. Ministre de lAgriculture. Commission XXX. Cosmtologie. 6. AFNOR V 08-011. Directives gnrales pour le dnombrement des micro-organismes. Techniques par comptage des colonies obtenues 30 C. PACKAGING Dehydrated medium AEB150702: 500g flask Ready to use medium AEB120709 : 100 tubes 15ml AEB620706: 6 flasks 100ml AEB620707: 6 flasks 200ml Pre-poured medium AEB520709: Pack of 120 dishes 90mm AEB520710: Pack of 20 dishes 90mm AEB 120711: Pack of 10 contact dishes 55 mm Pre-poured contact dishes AEB120710C: Pack of 10 dishes 60mm Ready to use PCA + Skimmed milk AEB150712: 500g Flask AEB620717: 6 flask of 200ml Made by AES Laboratoire Combourg France 152852:26/07/04 - F
23
Yeasts and moulds enumeration by colony-count technique at 25C NF ISO 7954 - V08-022 standard - November 1998
Prepare the mother suspension and the dilutions according to the sample.
Inoculate 1 ml of the mother suspension in a Petri dish and repeat the operation for the dilutions chosen. Pour 15 ml of YGC agar per plate (it is also possible to proceed by spreading 0,1 ml of sample onto the surface of a poured plate) Incubate up to 5 days at 25+/-1C Do not turn over the plates during the incubation Reading at 3, 4 and 5 days
Enumerate all the colonies
24
Y.G.C
Yeast extract Glucose Chloramphenicol agar In Vitro use only To be stored between 18 and 23 C
PRINCIPLE Y.G.C. agar (Yeast extract Glucose Chloramphenicol) is used for screening and enumerating yeast and molds in foodstuff. Its formula is conform to F.I.L.-I.D.F. and I.S.O. standards. It includes Chloramphenicol, a thermostable antibiotic that inhibits the growth of interfering bacteria. FORMULA In grammes per litre of purified water Yeast extract Glucose(Dextrose) Chloramphenicol Agar 5,00 20,00 0,10 15,00
BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. International Organization for Standardization (I.S.O.). Milk and milk products - Enumeration of yeasts and moulds - Colony count technique at 25 Norm Entwurft ISO/DIN 6611. C. 2. AFNOR V 04-015. Fvrier 1984. Laits de conserve - Microbiologie - Dnombrement des levures et moisissures. 3. AFNOR V 08-022. Aot 1988. NF ISO 7954. Directives gnrales pour le dnombrement des levures et moisissures. Technique par comptage des colonies 25 C. 4. AFNOR V 08-059 Novembre 1995 Dnombrement des levures et moisissures 25 C Mthode de routine. PACKAGING Dehydrated medium AEB153502 : 500 g
Ready to use dishes AEB623506 : Pack of 6 flasks of 100 ml AEB623507 : Pack of 6 flasks of 200 ml Ready poured dishes AEB523510 : Pack of 20 dishes 90 mm AEB523509 : Pack of 120 dishes 90 mm AEB123501 : Pack of 10 dishes 120 mm Ready to use contact dishes AEB123510C : Pack of 10 dishes 65 mm
Final pH : 6,6 + 0,2 at 25 C METHOD Suspend 40,1 grammes into 1 litre of purified water. Homogenize well and heat to boiling point until completely dissolved. Dispatch into flasks. Autoclave 15 minutes at 121 C. PROCEDURE Liquefy the medium then cool to 45-50 . C Place 1 ml of the test product or its decimal dilutions in sterile Petri dishes. Add 15 mL of melted Y.G.C. Homogenize well and let the medium set. Reverse the prepared dishes and incubate 3 to 5 days at 25 C. RESULTS Enumerate dishes where yeast and molds colonies are no more than 150. Si ncessaire, effectuer un examen de confirmation morphologique au microscope pour chaque type de colonies identifies. If necessary, carry out morphology confirmation LIMITS AND PRECAUTIONS This medium is used in exchange of OGEA that has the disadvantage that the selective agent, oxytetracycline, has to be added when the analysis is carried out. Y.G.C. has also a longer self life.
Made by : AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France 153502:15/03/05-F
25
O.G.A
Base for Oxytetracycline Glucose agarr For In Vitro use To be stored between 18 and 23 C
DESCRIPTION Oxytetracycline Glucose Agar (O.G.A.) is used for the detection and enumeration of yeasts and moulds in food products and cosmetics. FORMULA In grams per liter of distilled water Yeast extract Glucose Agar 5,00 20,00 15,00
Final pH : 6,6 + 0,2 25C PREPARATION Pour 40 grams of powder into 1 litre of purified water. Slowly bring to the boil, stirring until complete dissolution. Dispense into flasks.. Autoclave for 15 minutes at 121C. PROCEDURE Melt the medium at 45-50C to achieve total liquefaction. Add 10 ml of sterile oxytetracycline solution to 100ml of melted medium. It is important to mix well the meted medium with its additive solution. Dispense into Petri dishes, and let to solidify. Dry in an incubator with the covers partially removed. Transfer 0,1ml of the product to be analysed and its serial tenfold dilutions to the plates, and spread on the agar surface with a sterile spreader. Incubate at 20-25C for 3 to 5 days. RESULTS Enumerate separately the yeasts and moulds. Carry out a microscopic confirmation test for each type of colony found.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. J.O. du 8 aot 1972. Dnombrement des levures et des moisissures dans les produits cosmtiques. 8553-8554. 2. J.O. du 27 aot 1963. Contrle des laits concentrs sucrs et des laits secs. 3. AFNOR VO3-454. 1971. Epices et aromates. Dnombrement des levures et des moisissures. 4. Buttiaux R. et Catsaras M. 1965. L'analyse bactriologique des bires. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 16:167. 5. Mossel D.A.A., Visser M. and Mengering W.J.H. 1962. A comparison of media for the enumeration of moulds and yeasts in foods and beverages. Lab. Pract. 11:109. 6. Mossel D.A.A., Kleynen-Semmeling A.M.C., Vincentie H.M. 1970. OxytetracyclineGlucose-Yeast Extract Agar for selective enumeration of moulds and yeasts in foods and clinical materials. J. App. Bact. 33:454-457. 7. Sainclivier M. et Roblot A.M. 1966. Choix d'un milieu de culture pour le dnombrement des levures et moisissures dans le beurre. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 17:181. PACKAGING Base for oxytetracycline glucose agar Dehydrated medium AEB152002 : 500 g flask Ready to use medium AEB622006 : Pack of 6 flasks of 100 ml AEB622007 : Pack of 6 flasks of 200 ml Oxytetracycline solution 1 mg/1 ml Ready to use AEB180307 : 10 ml Tube Lyophilised AEB184000 q.s.p. 500 ml (50 mg/tube) Made by AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France 152002 : 30/03/04 C
26
DG18
For in vitro use only Store between 18 and 23 C
PRINCIPLE DG18 agar allows the enumeration of yeasts and moulds in the foodstuffs intended for human consumption strongly sweetened or salted, or dry (flours, biscuits, ...) and in the products intended for the animal feeds (low mustered cereals and food). The growth of the bacteria is inhibited by the combined action of glycerol - who allows to reduce the activity of the water in the Agar from 0,99 to 0,95 - and chloramphenicol. Dichloran limit the spreading out of filamentous fungi colonies and restricts the size most colonies, making easier the enumeration of yeasts and moulds. FORMULA In grams per litre of purified water
Enzymatic Digestat of casein Glucose Potassium dihydrogenophosphate Sulfate de magnesium, 7H2O Dichloran (dichloro-2,6-nitro-4-aniline) Glycerol Chloramphenicol Agar Final pH at 25 5,6 +/- 0,2 C: 5,0 10,0 1,0 0,5 0,002 220,0 0,1 15,0
PACKAGING Ready to use medium AEB611276 : Pack of 6 flasks of 100 ml Made by AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France 611276: 03/06/03-A
PROCEDURE Inoculate sterile plates with 1 ml of sample or its decimal dilutions. Pour regenerated medium cooled to 45-47 homogenise and let the medium to set. C, Incubate the plates 5 days at 25 +/- 1 C C. It is strongly recommended not to turn over the plates during incubation as to avoid inoculating the plates with the spores of the moulds. RESULTS Count yeasts and moulds present (Do not enumerate the plates where the moulds are confluent). BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Hocking, A.D. and Pitt, J.I. (1980). Dicloranglycerol medium for enumaration of xerophilic fungi from low moisture foods. Appl. Environm.Microbiol. 39, 488-492 2. Projet de norme NF V 08-036. Microbiologie des aliments. Mthode horizontale pour le dnombrement des levures et moisissures se dveloppant sur un milieu faible aw.
27
Gram -
28
Horizontal method for the detection and enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae

Part 1: colonies enumeration method NF EN ISO 21528-1 standard - 2004
Sample (1g or 1ml) + 9ml of Buffered Peptone Water or Sample (Xg or Xml) + 9ml of Buffered Peptone Water
Incubation 18 hours +/- 2h at 37C
1ml of culture + 10ml of EE broth
Subculture onto VRBG
Select the typical colonies and isolate on a nutritive agar plate
Confirm the Enterobacteriaceae with: - Oxidase reaction (-) - Glucose fermentation (+)
29
Horizontal method for the detection and enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae Part 2: colonies enumeration method
NF EN ISO 21528-2 standard - 2004
Preparation and dilution of the sample according to the ISO 6887 and ISO 8261 standards recommendations
Inoculation of 1 ml of sample or its decimal dilutions in VRBG agar by using pour plates technique (double layer) Incubation 24+/-2 hours at 37+/-1C
Select 5 typical colonies (pink, red or purple with or without a halo of precipitation) and inoculate on a nutritive agar Incubation 24+/-2 hours at 37+/-1C
Select one colony on each plate and detect their oxidase. Subculture the colonies with negative oxidase on an agar containing glucose. Incubation 24+/-2 hours at 37+/-1C
Enumerate all the typical colonies confirmed as negative oxidase or positive glucose
30
EE BROTH MOSSEL
Enrichment broth for Enterobacteria according to Mossel In vitro use only Store between 18 and 23 C
DESCRIPTION This liquid medium whose formulation fits with Mossel recommendations, is used for the selective enrichment of Enterobacteriaceae for the bacteriological control of pharmaceutical products that may not be sterile, human and animal food. This broth is the result of a modification of Brilliant Green broth, in which lactose was replaced by glucose and whose buffer effect is reinforced to obtain an early growth and avoid microorganisms destruction by acidification. Using glucose instead of lactose makes the medium adequate for all Enterobacteriaceae. The medium also contains brilliant green and bile salts, necessary for the secondary flora inhibition. FORMULA In grams per liter of purified water
Peptone Ox Bile Glucose Disodium phosphate Monopotassium phosphate Brilliant green 10,00 20,00 5,00 6,45 2,00 0,015
RESULTS When the medium becomes cloudy or change colour (yellow / green), it reveals the presumptive presence of Enterobacteriaceae. A final diagnosis should be obtained with isolation and selective media. NOTES For an enumeration (between 1 and 100 for 1 ml or gram of samples), the most probable number method should be used (after a 37 incubation for C 24 hours). For enumerations that should be above 100 for 1 ml or gram of sample, an inoculation in V.R.B.D. agar should be preferred, followed by an incubation at 37 for 24 hours. C LIMITS AND PRECAUTIONS Autoclaving at 121 for 5 minutes is ideal if the C medium can be cooled down quickly. In case of a preparation with double concentration, it is advised to heat up to 100 for 30 minutes. C In any case, the medium should be green at the end of sterilization. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Mossel D.A.A., Visser M. and Cornelissen A.M.R. 1962. Use of a modified MacConkey agar medium for the selective growth and enumeration of all Enterobacteriaceae. J. Bact., 84:381. 2. Mossel D.A.A., Visser M. and Cornelissen A.M.R. 1963. The examination of foods for Enterobacteriaceae using a test of the type generally adopted for the detection of Salmonella. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 26:444-452. 3. AFNOR V08-021. Dcembre 1985. Microbiologie alimentaire. Directives gnrales pour le dnombrement sans revivification des Enterobacteriaceae. 4. Pharmacope Europenne. Milieu E. PACKAGING Dehydrated medium AEB140372 : 500 g flask Ready to use medium AEB611376 : Pack of 6 flasks of 100 ml AEB111379 : Pack of 100 Tubes of 9 ml Made by AES Laboratoire - Combourg France 140372: 22/01/04 - J 31
Final pH : 7,2 + 0,2 at 25 C PREPARATION Pour 43,5 g of powder into 1 liter of purified water. Stir slowly until complete dissolution. Dispense into tubes or flasks. Heat up to 100 for 30 minutes or 121 for 5 C C minutes. DO NOT OVERHEAT. Once the broth has cooled down, a slightly white precipitate may appear at the bottom of the tubes or flasks. PROCEDURE 1. Perform a revivification by incubating dilutions of the product to be analyzed (1/10th in Tryptic Soy Broth), at 25 for 2 to 8 hours. Dilution should be C done so that there is at least 1 cm of liquid above the sample. Homogenize carefully. 2. After revivification mix Mossel broth with the sample (10 times the initial volume). For important volumes, mixing should be made with equal volumes with double concentration of Mossel broth. Homogenize carefully. 3. Incubate at 30 for 18-24 hours. C
V.R.B.G.
Violet crystal, neutral Red, Bile Glucose (dextrose) agar For In Vitro use To be stored between 18 and 23 C
PRINCIPLE
Violet crystal, neutral red bile glucose agar is used for screening and enumeration Enterobacteria in water, dairy, and any foodstuff samples. Its formula corresponds to the one described by Mossel and used in I.S.O., AFNOR V 08-021 and V 08-054 standards. Crystal violet and bile salts inhibit the growth of Gram positive bacteria and other Gram negative bacteria. A typical feature of Enterobacteria is the acidification of the medium due to dextrose fermentation. As a consequence the pH indicator turns to red and a precipitation of bile salts creates halos around colonies.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Mossel D.A.A., Mengerink W.H.J. and Scholts H.H.A. 1962. Use of a modified MacConkey agar medium for the selective growth and enumeration of all Enterobacteriaceae. J. Bacteriol. 84:381. 2. Mossel D.A.A., Wisser M. and Cornelissen A.M.R. 1963. The examination of foods for Enterobacteriaceae using a test of the type generally adopted for the detection of Salmonellae. J. Appl. Bact. 26:444-452. 3. International Organization for Standardization. 1977. Meat and meat products. Detection and enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae (Reference methods). Draft International Standard ISO/DIS 5552. 4. AFNOR V 08-021 : Dcembre 1993. Directives gnrales pour le dnombrement sans revivification des Enterobacteriaceae. 5. AFNOR V 08-054 : Octobre 1993. Dnombrement des Enterobacteriaceae par comptage des colonies. Mthode de routine.
FORMULA
En grammes par litre d'eau distille Yeast ectract Pepsic meat peptone Sodium chloride Bile salts Dextrose Neutral red Violet crystal Agar Final pH : 7,4 + 0,2 at 25C 3,00 7,00 5,00 1,50 10,00 0,03 0,002 13,00
PACKAGING
Dehydrated medium AEB153202 : 500 g Ready to use medium AEB623206 : Pack of 6 flasks of 100 ml AEB623207 : Pack of 6 flasks of 200 ml AEB123209 : Pack of 100 tubes of 15 ml Ready poured media AEB523210 : Pack of 20 dishes 90 mm AEB123210C : Pack of 10 contact dishes 65 mm AEB523209C : Pack of 120 contact dishes 65 mm Made by : AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France 153202: 30/10/03-I
METHOD
Suspend 41,5 grammes of powder in 1 litre of purified water. Homogenize well, then heat to boiling point until completely dissolved. DO NOT AUTOCLAVE.
PROCEDURE
Liquefy the medium and cool to 45 C. Place 1 ml of the tested product and its decimal dilutions in empty sterile Petri dishes. Cover with 12 ml of the medium, homogenize well. Let the medium set then add a second layer (about 2 mm of thickness). After the second layer has set, incubate the prepared dishes, reverse way up, 30 OR 37 (according to C standards) for 24 hours.
RESULTS
Enumerate the pink to purple colonies of at least 0,5 mm and surrounded by a halo of precipitation due to bile salts. The number is then expressed according to the sample of the tested product.

It is not necessary to autoclave this medium never the less, in order to keep the ready prepared media a few days autoclave 15 minutes at 121 C.
32
General directives for the enumeration of coliforms Colony-count technique

NF ISO 4832 July 1991
Preparation and dilution of the sample according to the ISO 6887 & ISO 8261 standards recommendations
Inoculation by incorporation on VRBL agar (AEB623256 - 6 flasks of 100 ml) with 1 ml of each dilution + incorporation of a double layer of VRBL agar when the first layer is dried Incubation 24+/- 2 hours at 30C or 35C or 37C
Typical colonies: Dark pink to purple, diameter 0,5mm with or without halo. Enumeration of the typical colonies on the plates containing less than 150 colonies and expression of the results according to the dilutions.
33
V.R.B.L
Violet Red Bile Lactose Agar For In Vitro use only To be stored between 18 and 23 C
PRINCIPLE
Violet Red Bile Lactose agar (V.R.B.L.) is used for the screening and enumeration of Coliforms bacteria (Escherichia coli, Citrobacter, Klebsiella, Enterobacter) in water, les dairy products, and other foodstuff. This medium is also used for the purification and isolation of presumptuous Salmonella colonies in meat samples analysis. Its formula is conform to the NF V 08-015 standard. Crystal violet and bile salts inhibits the growth of Gram positive bacteria and other Gram negative bacteria. Lactose fermentation causes acid production, characteristic to coliforms. As a consequence the pH indicator turns to red and a precipitation of bile salts creates halos around colonies.
LIMITS
It is not necessary to autoclave this medium never the less, in order to keep the ready prepared media a few days autoclave 15 minutes at 121 C.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Davis J.G. 1951. Milk Testing. Dairy Industries Ltd., London. 2. F.I.L.-I.D.F. 39. 1966. Mthode de routine normalise pour le dnombrement des bactries coliformes dans le lait cru. 3. F.I.L.-I.D.F. 62. 1971. Crmes glaces et glaces au lait. Dnombrement des coliformes. 4. AFNOR V 08-015. Juillet 1991. Directives gnrales pour le dnombrement des coliformes. Mthode par comptage des colonies obtenues 30C. 5. AFNOR V 08-017. Juin 1980. Directives gnrales pour le dnombrement des coliformes fcaux et d'Escherichia coli.
FORMULA
In grammes per litre of purified water Yeast extract Pancreatic Casein peptone Sodium chloride Bile salts Lactose Neutral Red Violet crystal Agar pH final : 7,4 + 0,2 25C 3,00 7,00 5,00 1,50 10,00 0,03 0,002 15,00
PACKAGING
Dehydrated medium To be stored between 18 and 23 C AEB153252 : 500 g AEB153253 : 5 kg Ready to use media To be stored between 18 and 23 C,in the dark AEB623256 : Pack of 6 flasks 100 ml AEB623257 : Pack of 6 flasks 200 ml AEB123259 : Pack of 100 flasks 15 ml Ready poured To be stored between 18 and 23 in the dark C, AEB123260C : Pack of 10 contact dishes 65 mm AEB523259C : Pack of 120 contact dishes 65 mm AEB523260 : Pack of 20 dishes 90 mm Made by : AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France
METHOD
Suspend 41,5 grammes of the dehydrated medium in 1 litre of purified water. Homogenize and heat to boiling point until complete dissolution. DO NOT AUTOCLAVE.
PROCEDURE
Liquefy the medium and cool to 45 C. Place 1 ml of the tested product and its decimal dilutions in empty sterile Petri dishes. Cover with 12 ml of the medium, homogenize well. Let the medium set then add a second layer (about 2 mm of thickness). After the second layer has set, incubate the prepared dishes, reverse way up, for 24 hours at 30 for C Coliforms and 44,5 for faecal Coliforms. C
153252:26/07/04 - F
RESULTS
Enumerate the pink to purple colonies of at least 0,5 mm and surrounded by halo of precipitation due to bile salts. The number is then expressed according to the sample of the tested product.
34
V.R.B.L MUG
V.R.B.L MUG Agar For In Vitro diagnosis To be stored between 18 and 23 C
DESCRIPTION Violet Red Bile and Lactose agar is used for the detection and enumeration of Coliforms (Escherichia col., Citrobacter, Klebsiella, Enterobacter) in water, dairy products and other foodstuffs. It may also be used for the purification and presumptive isolation of Salmonella colonies in meat. Crystal violet and bile salts inhibit the growth of Gram positive bacteria and other Gram negative bacteria. A typical feature of coliforms is the acidification of the medium due to lactose fermentation. As a consequence the pH indicator turns to red and a precipitation of bile salts creates halos around colonies.
When 4-Methyl-Umbelliferyl--D-Glucuronide (MUG) is added to the medium (100mg/l), it may be used for the direct detection of Escherichia coli. The test is based on the the -glucuronidase enzyme degrading the MUG substrate into 4methylumbelliferone that is fluorescent under a UV lamp (365 nm). This is a typical feature of Escherichia coli and other rare enterobacteria (Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia), that is revealed after a 24 hours incubation.
PROCEDURE
Cool the medium to approximately 45 C. Place 1ml of the product to be tested (or its decimal dilutions) into sterile Petri dishes. Pour around 12ml of sterile melted medium. Mix and allow solidification on a cold horizontal surface. Pour a second 2mm layer of medium. Allow to solidify and turn the dishes over for incubation. Incubate for 24 hours. For coliforms enumeration incubate at 30 and for fecal C, coliforms enumeration incubate at 44,5 C
RESULTS
Enumerate dark violet red colonies with a diameter of at least 0.5mm surrounded by a halo of bile salts. Multiply the number of colonies by the dilution of the sample to determine the number of organisms in the original sample. When observed under a Wood lamp (365nm), these colonies are surrounded by a fluorescent blue area. A direct enumeration is then possible. Escherichia coli identification may be completed by the research of indole production
LIMITS
Although Proteus vulgaris presence may inhibit gaz production, Escherichia coli may be identified due to the appearance of a fluorescence after approximately 15 hours. This medium does not have to be autoclaved. To keep it ready to use for a few days, you may autoclave it for 15 minutes at 121 C.
FORMULA
In grammes per litre of purified water Yeast extract Peptomeat Sodium Chloride Bile Salts N 3 Lactose Neutral Red Crystal Violet MUG Agar pH final : 7,4 + 0,2 25C 3,00 7,00 5,00 1,50 10,00 0,03 0,002 0,10 15,00
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. 2. Feng P.CS and Hartman P.A. 1982. Fluorogenic Assays for immediate Confirmation of Escherichia coli Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 43:1320-1329. Robison B.J. 1984. Evaluation of a Fluorogernic Assay for detection of Escherichia coli in Foods. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 48:285-288
PRESENTATION PREPARATION
Pour 41,6 gr of powder into 1 litre of distilled water. While bringing to the boil, stir slowly until powder is totally dissolved. DO NOT AUTOCLAVE.
Dehydrated medium AEB1532621 : 500gr AEB123270C: Pack of 10 contact plates Made by : AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France 153262: 14/05/02-C
35
Horizontal method for the enumeration of the beta-glucuronidasepositive Escherichia coli. Colony-count technique at 44C using 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-glucuronate
NF ISO 16649-2 / NF V08-031-2 July 2001
Prepare the mother suspension and the dilutions according to the sample
Inoculate 1 ml of the mother suspension into a Petri dish and repeat the operation for the dilutions chosen (with 2 samples). Pour 15 ml of TBX agar per plate Incubate 18-24 hours at 44+/-1C
Enumerate the blue colonies
36
T.B.X. (Tryptone Bile X-Gluc))

Medium for the enumeration of Escherichia coli in Foodstuff medium. In Vitro use only To be stored between 2 and 8 C
negative and can not be distinguished on the
PRINCIPLE T.B.X. is a selective medium for the enumeration of Escherichia coli in Fodstuff. Its formula is complies to the ISO 16449-2 standard. The selectivity of the medium is due to the presence bile salts that inhibit the growth or Gram positive. The chromogenic substrat X-GLUC (5-bromo-4chloro-3 indolyl -D-glucuronate) allows to screen for the presence of -glucuronidase, this enzyme is produced by 97% of Escherichia coli strains and some other Enterobacteria such as Salmonella and Shigella. FORMULA In grammme per 1 litre of purified water Tryptone Bile salts BCIG (X-Gluc) Agar Final pH : 7,2 + 0,2 at 25 C METHOD Suspend 35,6 grs of powder to 1 litre of purified water. Homogenise well, and bring to the boil under continuous homogenisation in order to dissolve the Agar. Cool to 50 then dispatch in tubes or flasks. C Autoclave 15 minutes at 121 C. PROCEDURE Enumeration : Dispatch 1 ml of the sample or its dilution in then bottom of a sterile Petri plate (two essays per sample). Pour 15 ml of regenerate medium, homogenise the leave to cool on a flat surface until set. Incubate the prepared plates reverse way up at 44 for 18 to 24 hours maximum. C RESULTS Escherichia coli will show as blue colonies. LIMITS & PRECAUTIONS High concentration of intrusive flora (> 150 CFU/plate) can trouble the enumeration. Some other strains of Entrobacteria can grow as blue colonies (Salmonella, Shigella, ) Some strains of Escherichia coli, such as Escherichia coli 0 157, are -glucuronidase 20,00 1,50 0,075 14,00
BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Norme NF ISO 16649-2 juillet 2001 Microbiologie des aliments Mthode horizontale pour le dnombrement des Escherichia coli glucuronidase positive Partie 2 : Technique de comptage des colonies 44 au moyen de 5C bromo-4-chloro-3 indolyl -D-glucuronate. PACKAGING Dehydrated culture media AEB152812 : 500 g Ready to use medium AEB622816 : Pack of 6 flasks 100 ml AEB122019 : 100 tubes of 15ml Made by AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France 152812 : 20/01/04-B
37
Use of ASAP agar for Salmonella detection in food samples According to ISO 6579 NF EN 12824 AFNOR V 08-013
Pre-enrichment 25 g sample + 225 ml of Buffered peptone water Incubate at 371C for 16 to 20 hours
Selective enrichment
0,1 ml sample + 10 ml of RVS broth Incubate at 41,51C for 243 hours
1 ml sample + 10 ml of MKTTn broth Incubate at 371C for 243 hours
Isolation
Isolate on ASAP agar and on XLD agar Incubate at 371C for 243 hours
Isolate on ASAP agar and on XLD agar Incubate at 371C for 243 hours
Salmonella spp., Salmonella H2Snon motile, lactose+ or saccharose+ (S.arizonae, S.indiana), S.typhi, S.paratyphi A, B, C
Klebsiella Enterobacter
Serratia
E.coli, Citrobacter, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Gram+ flora, yeasts, moulds
J + 3 : Purification (if the colonies are not well isolated) Choose 5 typical colonies on each plate. Isolate them on nutritive agar Incubate 243 hours at 371C
38
ASAP (AES Salmonella Agar Plate)

Chromogenic medium for the isolation of Salmonella For In Vitro diagnosis To be stored between 2 and 8 C
DESCRIPTION ASAP is a selective medium for the isolation of Salmonella from foodstuffs, clinical and environment samples. The activity of the C8-esterase, which is found in all Salmonella species, is detected using a chromogenic substrate. The enzymatic activity of Salmonella is visualized by the pink to purple coloration of their colonies.
LIMITS When used in clinical diagnostic, some stool samples can give to the agar a pink coloration a specially where the sample is first inoculated. This is due to the C8-esterase in the stool. The interpretation of the results must be based on the observation of well isolated pink colonies. According to all the studies carried out on this medium, the optimal incubation when screening for Salmonella is 24 3 hours at 37 C. A prolongation of incubation could decrease the medium specificity. PRESENTATION Prepoured medium To be stored between 2 and 8 C AEB520090: pack of 20 dishes 90mm AEB520089: pack of 120 dishes 90mm Made by AES Laboratoire Combourg France 520090 : 04/11/03-D
Colonies characteristics on ASAP :

Salomnella spp pink to purple col. Salmonella arizonae pink to purple col. Salmonella typhi pink to purple col. Salmonella H2S pink to purple col. + + Salmonella lactose or saccharose pink to purple col. E.coli white col. Citrobacter spp. white col. Proteus spp. brown col. Klebsiella spp. blue-green col. Pseudomonas spp. inhibition Gram + bacteria inhibition Yeasts an molds inhibition FORMULA In grammes per litre of distilled water: Peptones Opaque agents Chromogenic and inhibitor blend Agar Final pH: 7.2 +/- 0.2 PROCEDURE Foodstuffs and environment samples Inoculate the plates from an appropriate selective enrichment culture broth. The ASAP medium can be used within the context of ISO 6579 standard. Incubate at 37 C+/-1 for 24h+/- 3 hours. C
Clinical samples
10 10 13 15
The ASAP medium is used for stools examination. Inoculate the plates directly from the samples or from an enrichment broth. Incubate at 37 C+/-1 for 24h+/- 3 hours. C RESULTS Salmonella give pink to purple colonies. Confirmatory tests should be conducted for positive identification.
39
RVS (Rappaport Vassiliadis Soja)

Enrichment broth for Salmonella In Vitro use only To be stored between 18 and 23 C
PRINCIPLE
Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth is used as a selective enrichment broth when screening for Salmonella (except S. Typhi and Paratyphi) in foods, animal feeds and biological samples (faeces). Its formula is conform to NF EN ISO 6579. The selectivity of this medium towards Salmonella lies on : * The ability of Salmonella to survive to high osmotic pressures (high concentration of MgCl2), * The ability of salmonella to grow when pH levels are acide (pH = 5,2), * Resistance of Salmonella towards Malachite Green Oxalate (but inhibition of S. typhi and paratyphi and Shigella), * Salmonella low needs of nutrients.

Store the dehydrated medium below 30 The powder C. is very hygroscopic. Keep container tightly closed.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Rappaport F., Konforti N. and Navon B. 1956. A new
FORMULA
In grammes for 1 litre of purified water Soy peptone 4.5 Sodium chloride 7,2 KH2PO4 1.44 Magnesium chloride 6H2O 28,6 Malachite Green Oxalate 0,036 Final pH : 5,2 + 0,2 at 25 C Bringing back the volume to 1000 ml and taking into consideration the form anhydrous of Magnesium chloride and volumetric variation the reconstitution is of 26,7 g/l.
enrichment medium for certain Salmonellae. J. Clin. Pathol. 9:261-266. 2. Vassiliadis P., Pateraki E., Papiconomou N., Papadakis J.A. and Trichopoulos D. 1976. Nouveau procd d'enrichissement de Salmonella. Ann. Microbiol. Inst. Pasteur. 127B:195-200. 3. Vassiliadis P., Trichopoulos D., Kalapothaki V. and Serie C.H. 1981. Isolation of Salmonella with the use of 100 ml of the R10 modification of Rappaport's enrichment medium. J. Hyg. Camb. 87:35-41. 4. Harvey R.W.S. and Price T.H. 1981. Comparison of Selenite F, Mller-Kauffmann Tetrathionate and Rappaport's medium for Salmonella isolation from chicken gibbets after pre-enrichment in buffered peptone water. J. Hyg. Camb. 87:219-224. 5. Van Schothorst M. and Renaud A.M. 1983. Dynamics of salmonellae isolation with modified Rappaports's medium (R10). J. Appl. Bacteriol. 54:209-215. 6. NF EN ISO 6579. Dcembre 2002 - Microbiologie Mthode horizontale pour la recherche des Salmonella spp.
PACKAGING
METHOD
Suspend 26,7 grammes of powder in to one litre of purified water. Homogenize slowly until complete dissolution. Dispatch 10 ml per tube. Autoclave 15 minutes at 115 C.
Dehydrated medium AEB140862 : 500 g Ready to use medium AEB110869 : Pack of 100 tubes of 10 ml Made by AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France 140862 : 22/11/02 - A
PROCEDURE
Inoculate the tubes with 0,1 ml of faeces ( or its decimal dilutions). Homogenize well and incubate at 35-37 for 18 to 24 C hours. When proceeding to microbiology control of foodstuff, Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth is use after a enrichment in buffered peptone water. Add 0.1 mL of the pre-enriched sample to a tube of Rappaport-Vassiliadis. Homogenize well and incubate at 41,5 for 21 to 27 C hours.
RESULTS
Faeces studies : After incubation, subculture on to an adapted selective agar, (ASAP, D.C.L.S., Hekton, XLT4 Modified, S.S., etc ...). Foodstuff : After incubation subculture on to an adequate selective agar (XLD, ASAP, Hekton or XLT4 Modified).
40
MKTTn (Mller Kauffmann tetrathionate-novobiocine)

Salmonella selective enrichment broth In Vitro use only
PRINCIPLE
MKTTn broth can be used as selective enrichment broth en screening for Salmonella in foodstuff. The medium is composed of sodium thiosulfate that is oxidised into tetrathionate by a solution of iodine/iodide added to the base at the last minutes. This contributes to inhibit the growth of coliforms and most all bacteria belonging to the intestinal flora. Proteus and Salmonella can reduce tetrathionate and therefore find their intake of sulfur for their growth. Calcium neutralises the formed sulfuric acid in order to prevent any drop of pH that might compromise the growth of bacteria. Brilliant green inhibit the growth of gram positive. Oxgall and novobiocine contributes to the growth of Salmonella by slowing down the growth of interfering flora.
Homogenise well and incubate at 37C +/- 1 for 21 to C 27 hours. Note : When screening for Salmonella in veterinary samples an incubation at 42 is more appropriate. C
RESULTS
After 21-27 hours, subculture onto selective Agars such as (ASAP, Hekton, X.L.D. or modified XLT4).

MKTTn contains large quantities of calcium that tend to sediment in the bottom of tubes and flacks. Before using the medium it is wise to suspend this precipitate. Complete media prepared by the laboratory should be used immediately. Ready to use base medium can be keep up to 3 weeks at 2-8 C. This medium is use in parallel with a second selective medium, R.V.S.
FORMULA
In grammes per litre of purified water Meat extracts Enzyme digest of casein Sodium chloride Calcium carbonate Sodium Thiosulfate (5H2O) Oxgall Brilliant green Iodine/iodide Solution Iodine Potassium Iodide Purified sterile water 4,3 8,6 2,6 38,7 47,8 4,78 9,6 mg
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Mller L. 1923. Un nouveau milieu d'enrichissement pour la recherche du bacille typhique et des paratyphiques. Comp. rend. Soc. biol. 89:434-437. 2. Kauffmann F. 1935. Weitere Erfahrungen mit dem kombinierten Anreicherung-sverfahren fr Salmonellenbacillien. Z. Hyg. Infek. - Krkh. 117:26-32. 3. Norme NF EN ISO 6579 Dcembre 2002 Microbiologie des aliments Mthode horizontale pour la recherche des Salmonella spp.
20,00 g 25,00 g 100,00 ml
Dissolve the potassium Iodide in 5 ml of water; add iodine and heat slightly to help to dissolve. Complete to 100 ml with purified water.
Dehydrated medium Store between 18 and 23 C AEB140902 : 500 g Ready to use medium (The tubes provided already added with the iodine/iodide solution and novobiocine) Store between 2 and 8 C AEB121609 : Pack of 100 tubes of 10 ml Novobiocine Supplement (10 mg) AEB184150 :QSP 250 ml of medium Made by AES Laboratoire - Combourg France 140902 :11/05/04 - B
PACKAGING
PREPARATION
Suspend 89,2 grammes powder into 1 litre of purified water. Boil for one minute, until completely dissolved. Cool to 45-50C then add 20 ml of iodine/iodide solution and 4 supplements of novobiocine (each previously regenerated with 5 ml of sterile purified water) homogenise well before dispatching 10 ml per tube.
PROCEDURE
Add to a prepared tube 1 ml of sample primly enrich in a non-selective broth (Buffered peptone water).
41
X.L.D
Xylose Lysine Desoxycholate Agar In Vitro use only To be stored between 18 and 23 C
RESULTS
Enterobacteria ferment very quickly the xylose (except Edwardsellia, Proteus morganii, Proteus rettgeri, Providencia, and Salmonella paratyphi A that are xylose ) This allows to defferentiate from Shigella (Red colonies). As xylose is exhausted Salmonella then decarboxylate lysine causing reversion to alkaline conditions. Sodium Thiosulfate and Ferric Ammonium Citrate allow visualization of hydrogen sulfide production under alkaline conditions. Alkaline conditions reversion by other lysine-positive organisms is prevented by excess acid production from fermentation of lactose and saccharose. Moreoer these acid conditions also inhibits the H2S production. Yellow opaque colonies : Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus et Serratia. Red colonies : Providencia, Salmonella H2S - and Shigella. Red colonies with a black center: Arizona, Edwardsiella et Salmonella
PRINCIPLE
X.L.D. (Xylose Lysine Desoxycholate), as described by Taylor, was developed principally for isolating Shigella and Providencia from stools. It has been shown to be more effective than other enteric differential media. The principal assets of this medium are : Acid production : due to Lactose and/or saccharose and/or xylose fermentation (Medium colour change from red to yellow) Alkaline reversion : due to Lysine decarboxylation into cadaverin, (LDC+ colonies turn out red). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S): Sodium Thiosulfate and Ferric Ammonium Citrate allow visualization of hydrogen sulfide production under alkaline conditions. This medium inhibits the growth gram+ micro-organisms and most unwanted coliforms.
FORMULA
In grammes per litre of purified water Yeast Extract L-Lysine Xylose Saccharose Lactose (monohydrated) Sodium desoxycholate Sodium Chloride Sodium thiosulfate Ferric Ammonium Citrate Phenol Red Agar Final pH : 7,4 + 0,2 at 25 C 3,00 5,00 3,50 7,50 7,50 2,50 5,00 6,80 0,80 0,08 13,50

An excess incubation end by diluting the produced acids and therefore a colour variation of the pH indicator occurs making the reading difficult. Proteus mirabilis have similar colonies to Salmonella since they ferment saccharose very slowly.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Taylor W.I. 1965. Isolation of Shigellae. I. Xylose Lysine Agars; New media for the isolation of enteric pathogens. Am. J. Clin. Path. 44:471-475. 2. Taylor W.I. and Harris B. 1965. Isolation of Shigellae. II. Comparison of plating media and enrichment broths. Am. J. Clin. Path. 44(4):476-479. 3. Taylor W.I. and Harris B. 1967. Isolation of Shigellae. III. Comparison of new and traditional media with stool specimens. Am. J. Clin. Path. 48:350-355 4. Pharmacope Europenne Milieu K.
METHOD
Suspend 55,0 grammes of powder in 1 litre of purified water. Heat slowly under constant agitation up to 90 C, until the agar is completely dissolved). DO NOT NE AUTOCLAVE. It is important not to boil the medium, as soon as the medium is dissolved to 50 then pour into sterile Petri C dishes.
PACKAGING
PROCEDURE
The medium must translucide and of orangey-red colour. An excess heating or prolongated periode at 50 can C cause an un wanted precipitation making the ready difficult. A filtation , of the liquefied medium allows to regain the classical aspect, never the less the efficiency of the medium is lowered. Home made medium have to be stored at 4 in the dark C and up to 15 days. Manufactured medium can de stored at room temperature up to 3 months. Inoculate directly the dishes with the sample and/or the selective enrich sample (Mller-Kauffmann broth, Selenite broth) Incubate for 18to 24 hours at 37 C.
Ready to use medium AEB623406 : Pack of 6 flasks of 100 ml Ready to use medium AEB523410 : Pack of 20 dishes 90 mm AEB523409 : Pack of 120 dishes 90 mm Made by : AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France
153402:11/06/04 I
42
AFNOR Validation n AES 10/04-05/04 According to NF EN ISO 16140 for all human and animal food products and environmental samples. End of validation: 05/07/08
Protocol for Salmonella detection DAY 0 : Pre-enrichment
method
25 g sample + 225 ml Buffered Peptone Water
Incubation 16 to 20 h at 37C
DAY 1 : Inoculation
3 x 0,1 ml in 3 points near the side of the Petri dish
Incubation 14 to 24 h at 41C
DAY 2 : Results
Plates presenting typical colonies within 24 h are considered positive.
Negative: no migration or migration are < 2 cm
Presumptive positive: red migration area > = 2 cm
Confirmation: by any classical test from international standards

43
S.M.S (Simple Method for Salmonella) page1/2
AFNOR VALIDATION N AES 10/04-05/04 according to NF EN ISO 16140 standard for food and animal feeding stuffs and environmental samples. Limit of validation (07/05/2008)
Selective medium for the detection of Salmonella In Vitro use only
PRINCIPLE SMS medium is used for the detection of Salmonella spp. in food, veterinary and environmental samples. SMS principle lies on the detection of Salmonella ability to decarboxylate LLysine and more importantly their motility. On SMS, Salmonella produce a red halo of growth around the original point of inoculation. The medium selective agents and a 41 C incubation give to SMS a strong selectivity. The gelling base of the medium was especially optimised to authorize easy transport and handling of ready poured medium while ensuring an optimal migration of the motile Salmonella. PREPARATION For the preparation of the media using the dehydrated base and supplements, please refer to annex I. PROCEDURE SMS method (food and environmental samples) Refer to annex II : The SMS is inoculated after a pre-enrichment phase of 16 to 24 hours at (371) in buffered C peptone water or any other diluent required by the screened sample (as describe in the standards).
Inoculate aseptically 0.1 ml of the broth culture at 5 mm from the edge of a SMS plate. This part of the procedure is essential since capillarity forces could occur thus leading to unwanted spread of the specimen. Repeat this step twice as to form a triangle on the SMS dish with the 3 inoculated drops. Incubate at (411) do not turn over the plate. C, The incubation of the plate should not exceed 24 hours. The plates can be read before the end of the incubation (as from 14 hours of incubation). In presence of a typical profile of Salmonella (see results), it is not necessary to prolong the incubation up to 24 hours before carrying out the confirmation tests. Otherwise, plates must be incubated until the end of the 24 hours (+/- 1hour) before a second reading.
RESULTS On SMS, growth of Salmonella is visible as a red zone of at least 2 cm extending out from the inoculated drop, due to the action of lysine decarboxylase producing alkaline metabolites. A turbid migration zone precedes generally the red zone. Plates which present this profile have to be regarded as presumptively positive and will have to be subject to confirmation tests. Plates which do not present that profile (absence of migration) have to be considered as negative (absence of Salmonella in the analysed sample). Within the framework of the AFNOR validation (SMS Method), all positive results have to be confirmed by one of the following methods : 1. By traditional tests described in the standardized methods. An initial isolation and purification on a suitable selective agar is necessary. Proceed by taking directly a sample of growth from the migration edge using an inoculating loop or a closed pipette. 2. By any other AFNOR validated method from which the principle is different from the SMS Method. The full procedure of this second validated method will have to be followed. If this method has common steps with SMS Method, start the procedure at the last common step to both methods. (for example, buffered peptone water). Conservation of incubated buffered peptone water cannot exceed 48 hours.
In the event of unmatched results (positive result with SMS Method not confirmed by the selected confirmation method), the laboratory must carry out sufficient means to be ensured of the validity of the result.
Note: It is also possible to confirm presumptuous positive dishes by using MUCAP test (OUT OF AFNOR FRAMEWORK OF VALIDATION). Tests carried out through out the trial periods, preliminary and collaborative studies, shown 100 % specificity and sensitivity for this test. (A report is available upon request).
44
S.M.S (Simple Method for Salmonella) page1/2

Selective medium for the detection of Salmonella In Vitro use only
AFNOR VALIDATION N AES 10/04-05/04 according to NF EN ISO 16140 standard for food and animal feeding stuffs and environmental samples. Limit of validation (07/05/2008)
PROCEDURE LIMITATIONS Non motile Salmonella cannot be detected with SMS Method. These Salmonella are non pathogenic and very seldom met in foodstuffs. It is not advised to use cold SMS dishes. It is wise to take out the dishes 15 minutes before proceeding to the analysis letting the dishes acclimatise to room temperature.In order to prevent any unwanted spreading of the sample, it is wise to wait 15 minutes after the inoculation before transferring the plates into the incubator. The plate of SMS must be handled with care after their incubation. The high incubation temperature tends to slightly liquefy the gelling base. It is strongly recommended to maintain the plates a few minutes at room temperature before their examination. Any dish showing a migration zone superior to 2 cm extending out from the inoculated drop, must be considered as presumptively positive and undergo a confirmation test. The absence of colour change is due to the fact that some Salmonella have L-lysine decarboxylase in fewer numbers making it virtually impossible to have a variation of the pH indicator in 24 hours. As to help the reading of the dishes particularly those that have totally turned red we advise the compare then to a negative or none inoculated one. Presumptuous positive dishes are characterised by strong opacity due to the migration of Salmonella in the medium. After incubation, SMS dishes can be stored at refrigerated temperatures (48 hours maximum) before interpretation and possibly confirmation. The use of the media prepared from the dehydrated base and supplements, requires some precautions (annex I)
PACKAGING Pre-poured medium AEB520069 : Pack of 120 plates (90 mm diameter) AEB520070: Pack of 20 plates (90 mm diameter) Dehydrated media and supplements: AEB141062: SMS base 500 g (570 test) AEB684155 : SMS lyophilised supplement Pack of 6 vials (for 5 litres of medium) AEB180252 : Ready to use SMS supplements (Vials for 3 litres of medium Possibility of special packaging supplements, please contact us. Mucap test AEB191500 : Pack of 160 tests Made by AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France 520069 : 11/01/05 N for the
45
X.L.T.4
Selective medium for screening Salmonella In Vitro use only
PRINCIPLE
X.LT.4 modified is a highly selective medium used for the isolation of Salmonella (except Salmonella Typhi and other related species). Most selective culture media for Salmonella isolation allow the growth of interfering species such as Proteus, Providencia and Pseudomonas that can mask the detection of Salmonella. The modifications brought to this medium prevent the growth of interfering flora in favour of the growth of pathogens such as Salmonella Enteritidis. The principal assets of this medium are: Acid production: due to Lactose and/or saccharose and/or xylose fermentation (Medium colour change from red to yellow) Alkaline reversion: due to Lysine decarboxylation into cadaverin, (LDC+ colonies turn out red). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S): Sodium Thiosulfate and Ferric Ammonium Citrate allow visualization of hydrogen sulfide production under alkaline conditions. The selectivity of the medium is increased by the addition of SEMUS supplement (Sodium-7-Ethyl-2-Mthyl-4-Undecyl Sulfate at 27%).
Alkaline conditions reversion by other lysine-positive organisms is prevented by excess acid production from fermentation of lactose and saccharose. Moreover these acid conditions also inhibit the H2S production. Inoculate directly the dishes with the sample and/or the selective enrich sample (Mller-Kauffmann broth, Selenite broth) Incubate for 18 to 24 hours at 37 under aerobic C conditions. If incubation is prolonged over 24 hours, the acid formed by the fermentation of sugars scatter over the plate causing on a general pH raise and a colour change of the pH indicator.
RESULTS
H2S+ Salmonella grow as yellow to pinkie dark red black centred colonies. H2S- Salmonella grow as pink to red colonies. Citrobacter are yellow opaque colonies, so are Enterobacter and Escherichia coli colonies if ever they succeed to grow on to the plates. Providencia, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Yersinia and Acinetobacter are markedly to completely inhibited.
FORMULA
In grammes per litre of purified water Special peptone Yeast Extract L-Lysine Xylose Saccharose Lactose (monohydrated) Sodium desoxycholate Sodium Chloride Sodium thiosulfate Ferric Ammonium Citrate Phenol Red Agar Final pH : 7,4 + 0,2 at 25 C 1,60 3,00 5,00 3,75 7,50 7,50 2,50 5,00 6,80 0,80 0,08 13,50
LIMITS ET PRECAUTIONS An excess incubation end by diluting the produced acids and therefore a colour variation of the pH indicator
occurs making the reading difficult and causing the dissolution of the H2S precipitate. Under those circumstances all red colonies should be considered as suspect colonies. Confirmation tests are then carried out. When samples are badly contaminated with Pseudomonas, these microorganisms manage to grow on XLT4 plates, they then show up as small red colonies.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Miller R.G. and C.R. Tate. 1990. XLT4: A highly selective plating medium for the isolation of Salmonella. The Maryland Poultryman. 4:2-7. 2. Miller R.G., C.R. Tate, E.T. Mallison and J.A. Scherrer. 1991. Xylose-Lysine-Tergitol 4 : An improved selective agar medium for the isolation of Salmonella. Poultry Science. 70:2429-2432. 3. Norme AFNOR NF U 47-100 juillet 2001 Mthode danalyse en sant animale Isolement et identification des salmonelles ou recherche de srovars particuliers dans lenvironnement des productions animales.
METHOD
Suspend 59,0 grammes of powder in 1 litre of purified water. Add 4,6 ml of SEMUS selective supplement. Heat slowly under constant agitation until the agar is completely dissolved. DO NOT NE AUTOCLAVE. It is important not to boil the medium, as soon as the medium is dissolved cool to 50 then pour into sterile Petri C plates.
PACKAGING
Dehydrated agar base Store between 18 and 23 C AEB153412: 500 g Supplement SEMUS : Store between 18 and 23 C AEB180950: QSP 10 Litres Ready to use medium Store between 2 and 8 C AEB523420: Pack of 20 dishes 90 mm AEB523419 : Pack of 120 dishes 90 mm Made by : AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France 153412:03/11/04 - E
PROCEDURE
Enterobacteria ferment very quickly the xylose (except Edwardsellia, Proteus morganii, Proteus rettgeri, Providencia, and Salmonella paratyphi A that are xylose -) This allows to defferentiate from Shigella (Red colonies). As xylose is exhausted Salmonella then decarboxylate lysine causing reversion to alkaline conditions. Sodium Thiosulfate and Ferric Ammonium Citrate allow visualization of hydrogen sulfide production under alkaline conditions.
46
DRIGALSKI
Lactose agar for selective isolation of Enterobacteria For In Vitro use To be stored between 18 and 23 C
PRINCIPLE Drigalski is a medium used to differentiate lactose fermenting Enterobacteria from those who do not. The fermentation of the carbohydrate involves an acid production causing a colour change of the p H indicator, Bromothymol Blue, from blue to yellow. Violet crystal the growth of Gram positive strains. Drigalski is used to isolate Gram negative bacteria from urine and other samples. Being an none selective medium for Enterobacteria this makes it an ideal medium to screen all Pathogen Escherichia coli in babys stools. FORMULA In grammes per litre of purified water Pastone Meat extract Yeast extract Sodium Thiosulfate Bile salt Lactose Violet crystal Bromothymol blue Agar Final pH: 7,4 + 0,2 at 25C METHOD Suspend 51,0 grammes of powder in one litre of purified water. Bring slowly to the boil under continuous homogenisation, until the medium is completely dissolved. Dispatch in tube or flasks. Autoclave 20 minutes at 115C. PROCEDURE Liquefy the medium in boiling water then cool it to 45-50 in a water bath. C Pour the medium into sterile Petri plates, let the plates set then dry them in an incubator with the lid slightly open. Spread the inoculum onto the surface of the plate. Incubate 37C for 18 to 24 hours. 15,00 3,00 3,00 1,00 1,00 15,00 0,005 0,08 12,00
RSULTS Colonies fermenting lactose grow as yellow colonies, the other are blue. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella & Enterobacter grow as yellow colonies. Other species of Enterobacteria and Pseudomonas grow as blue colonies. LIMITS & PRECAUTIONS As to prevent the spreading of Proteus strains, place two drops of alcohol in the lid of the plate before putting then in the incubator reverse way up. PACKAGING Dehydrated medium AEB150952 : 500 g Ready to use medium AEB620957 : 6 Flasks of 200 ml Prepared plates AEB520960 : Pack of 20 plates 90 mm
Prepared bi-plates : Drigalsky/Columb ANC SB
AEB125970 : Pack of 10 bi-plates Made by : AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France 150952: 31/05/05 - E
47
WILSON AND BLAIR MODIFIED

BISMUTH SULFITE AGAR In Vitro use only To be stored between 18 and 23 C
PRINCIPLE
Bismuth Sulfite agar corresponds to a modification of Wilson and Blairs original formula for selective isolation and primary identification of Salmonella, in particular Salmonella typhi, in water, foodstuff and human pathology samples. The medium is very rich in nutrients: two peptones, dextrose and meat extract. The selectivity towards Gram positive flora and Coliform bacteria is due to brilliant green. Its action is enhanced by the addition of Bismuth sulfite thus recommending to use this media when samples are suspected to be highly contaminated. Ferrous sulfate is for H2S production. When H2S is present, the iron in the formula is precipitated, giving positive cultures the characteristic brown to black colour with metallic sheen.

Il est conseill d'ensemencer paralllement des milieux moins slectifs tels que glose au D.C.L. selon Hynes, glose au D.C.L.S., glose Hekton, glose de Mac Conkey avec cristal violet, glose lactose au vert brillant et au rouge de phnol selon Kristensen ou glose au X.L.D. Il est conseill d'utiliser le milieu coul en botes de Ptri le jour mme de sa prparation, surtout si l'chantillon contrler est suspect d'tre fortement contamin. Aprs 3 4 jours de stockage 4C, le pouvoir inhibiteur est fortement attnu et il conviendra alors pour les produits faiblement contamins.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Wilson W.J. and Blair E.M. 1926. A combination of bismuth and sodium sulphites affording an enrichment and selective medium for the typhoid-paratyphoid groups of bacteria. J. Pathol. Bacteriol. 29:310-311. 2. Wilson W.J. and Blair E.M. 1927. Use of glucose bismuth sulphite iron medium for the isolation of Bacillus typhosus and Bacillus proteus. J. Hyg.Camb. 26:374-391. 3. Wilson W.J. and Blair E.W. 1937. Further experience of the bismuth sulphite media in the isolation of Bacillus typhosus and Bacillus paratyphosus B from faeces, sewage and water. J. Hyg. Camb. 31:138-161. 4. D'Aoust J.Y. 1977. Effect of storage conditions on the performance of bismuth sulfite agar. J. Clin. Microb. 5:122124. 5. AFNOR VO4-015. Fvrier 1984. Laits de conserve Microbiologie - Dnombrement des levures et moisissures. 6. Pharmacope amricaine Milieu XV
FORMULA
In grammes per litre of purified water Casein pancreatic peptone Meat peptone Meat extract Dextrose Disodium phosphate Bismuth sulfite Ferrous sulfate Brilliant green Agar Final pH : 7,6 + 0,2 at 25C 5,00 5,00 5,00 5,00 4,00 8,00 0,30 0,025 20,00
METHOD
Suspend 52 grammes of dehydrated medium in one litre of purified water. Heat gently to boiling point under continuous stirring until completely dissolved. Boil for a few minutes. DO NOT AUTOCLAVE.
PACKAGING
Dehydrated medium AEB153292 : Flacon de 500 g Ready to use medium AEB623296 : Coffret de 6 flacons de 100 ml Made by : AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France 153292 : 19/06/04 - E
PROCEDURE
Liquefy the medium then cool down to 45-50C. homogenise well the medium to disperse the formed precipitate. Dispatch 20 ml by sterile Petri dishes. Let the dishes set on a cold horizontal surface. Dry the dishes in the incubator with the lid slightly open. Usually Bismuth Sulfite agar is used by isolating directly the sample or an enrichment broth onto its surface. Incubate the plates at 37C for 24 to 48 hours.
RESULTS
S. typhi : Black centred colonies with black sheen, after 18-24 hours of incubation. S. derby, S. enteritidis, S. schottmuelleri : Black colonies. S. choleraesuis, S. gallinarum, S. paratyphi : Green colonies. Shigella : Partial or even total inhibition (Brown or Greene colonies).
48
EDEL-KAMPELMACHER BRILLIANT GREEN AGAR ISO In Vitro use only Store between 18 and 23 C
PRINCIPLE
Originally described by Kristensen (1925), then Kauffmann (1935), Brilliant Green Phenol Red Lactose agar known as B.G.A. (Brilliant Green Agar), is used to isolate Salmonella from any type of samples. The formula was modified by a Dutch research team from Rijks Instituut voor de Volksgezondheid Utrecht, and was given the name "Edel-Kampelmacher". This new version of B.G.A. is especially used for a selective isolation of Salmonella from foodstuff (human and animal consumption). Its efficiency had made it an obligatory step in AFNOR NF V 08-013 (September 1990) general standard for Salmonella detection. This medium has a better inhibition towards Escherichia coli and Proteus, slows the growth of Pseudomonas, but more importantly has an improved recovery for Salmonella. Salmonella do not ferment lactose nor sucrose, the two sources of carbohydrate in the medium, this allows to differentiate Salmonella from other germs that ferment either one of the sugars. Finally, brilliant green inhibits the growth of secondary Gram positive flora.
RESULTS
Characterise the colonies : Salmonella (lactose et sucrose -) : red colonies of 1-1,5 mm , surrounded by a red zone. S. typhi may grow as pink to red convex colonies of 1 mm . Citrobacter, Enterobacter, E. coli, Klebsiella (lactose and/or sucrose +) : germs partially inhibited, if growth they will show up as yellowy green colonies. Proteus : germs virtually totally inhibited, might grow as red colonies. Pseudomonas : Low growth, small red colonies.
LIMITS AND PRCAUTIONS

All suspect colonies have to undergo confirmation tests.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
1. Kristensen, Lester and Jurgens. 1925. Br. J. Exp. Pathol. 6:291. 2. Edel W. and Kampelmacher E.H. 1968. Comparative studies on Salmonella isolations in eight European laboratories. Bull. Wld. Hlth. Org. 39:487-491. 3. Edel W. and Kampelmacher E.H. 1969. Salmonella isolations in 9 European laboratories using a standardized technique. Bull. Wld. Hlth. Org. 41:297-306.
FORMULA
In grammes per litre of purified water Peptone Beef extract Lactose Sucrose Yeast extract Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate Phenol red Brilliant green Agar Final pH : 6,9 + 0,2 at 25C 10,00 5,00 10,00 10,00 3,00 1,00 0,60 0,09 0,0047 13,00
PACKAGING
Dehydrated medium AEB151492 : 500 g Ready to use medium AEB621497 : Pack of 6 flasks of 200 ml Ready poured medium AEB521500 : Pack of 20 dishes 90 mm Made by : AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France 151492:01/10/04 E
METHOD
Suspend 52,7 grammes of dehydrated medium in one litre of purified water. Heat gently to boiling point under continuous stirring until completely dissolved. Boil for a few minutes. DO NOT AUTOCLAVE.
PROCEDURE
Liquefy the medium then cool down to 45-50C. Dispatch 20 ml by sterile Petri dishes. Let the dishes set on a cold horizontal surface. Dry the dishes in the incubator with the lid slightly open. Using an inoculating loop inoculate the dish by isolation streaks with a sample from a selective enrichment broth such as Rappaport-Vassiliadis. Incubate at 35-37C for 48 hours.
49
KLIGLER-HAJNA
Kligler-Hajna Agar In Vitro use only To be stored between 18 & 23 C
PRINCIPLE
Kligler-Hajna Agar is used to differentiate the different species of Enterobacteria by identifying their ability of fermenting glucose, with or without producing gas, to screen for lactose fermenting and/or hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production.
Citrobacter freundii Edwarsiella Enterobacter Escherichia coli Hafnia alvei Klebsiella Morganella morganii Proteus mirabilis Proteus rettgeri Proteus vulgaris Providencia Salmonella choleraesuis Salmonella enteritidis Salmonella gallinarum Salmonella paratyphi A Salmonella paratyphi B Salmonella pullorum Salmonella typhi Salmonella typhimurium Serratia marcescens Shighella
FORMULA
In grammes per litre of purified water Tryptone Yeast extract Meat extract Dextrose Lactose Sodium chloride Sodium thiosulfate Ferrous citrate Phenol red Agar Final pH : 7,4 +/- 0,2 at 25 C 20,00 3,00 3,00 1,00 10,00 5,00 0,50 0,50 0,025 15,00
GLU. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
LAC. + + + + + -
H2S + + + + + + + + + -
GAS + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + -
METHOD
Suspend 58 grammes of powder in 1 litre of purified water. Bring slowly to the boil under constant homogenisation until the Agar is completely dissolved.. Dispatch in tubes. Autoclace at 121 for 15 minutes. C

Some strains of E. coli only ferment very lately lactose. In event of suspicion of Salmonella O.N.P.G. and L.D.C. test can be carried out from culture grown on KliglerHajna medium. 8 days old prepared tubes (in laboratories) should be regenerated before being used.
Cool in slanted position, as to have a slant and a butt of about 2 to 3 cm .
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Kligler I.J. 1917. A simple medium for the differentiation of typhoid-paratyphoid group. Amer. J. Pub. Hlth. 7:1042-1044. 2. Kligler I.J. 1918. Modification of culture media used in the isolation and differentiation of typhoid, dysentery and allied bacili. J. Exper. Med. 28:319-322. 3. AFNOR V08-013. Juin 1982. Microbiologie alimentaire Directives gnrales pour la recherche des Salmonella. 4. AFNOR V04-015. Fvrier 1984. Microbiologie - Laits de conserve.
PROCEDURE
With an inoculating needle, prick the center of wellisolated colonies obtained from a solid media. Stab the center of the medium into the deep of the tube to 3 5 mm from the bottom. Withdraw the needle and streak the surface of the slant. Loosen closure on the tube before incubating 24 to 48 hours at 37 C. Read tubes for acid production of slant/butt, gas and hydrogen sulfide reactions.
RESULTS
An alkaline slant-acid butt (red/yellow) indicates fermentation of dextrose only. An acid slant-acid butt (yellow/yellow) indicates fermentation of dextrose, lactose. An alkaline slant-alkaline butt (red/red) indicates that neither dextrose nor lactose was fermented (nonfermentation). Cracks, plits, or bubbles in the medium indicate gas production. A black precipitate in the butt indicates hydrogen sulfide production.
PACKAGING Dehydrated medium AEB151252 : 500 g* Ready to use medium AEB121255 : 5 tubes (slant) AEB121259 : Pack of 100 tubes (slant)* Made by : AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France
151252:07/12/03-C * : Product not CE stamped.
50
Horizontal method for the detection of Shigella spp

NF EN ISO 21567 standard project
Dilution of 25g of sample in 225 ml of broth (Shigella + 0,5 g/ml of novobiocine). Adjust the pH to 7,0 if necessary. Incubate in anaerobic atmosphere 16-20 hours at 41,5 +/-1C
Isolate on a Mac Conkey agar Incubate 20 -24 hours at 37+/-1C (Incubate an additional 24 h if the result is negative )
Isolate on XLD agar Incubate 20 -24 hours at 37+/-1C Incubate an additional 24 h if the result is negative
Isolate on Hektoen agar Incubate 20 -24 hours at 37+/-1C Incubate an additional 24 h if the result is negative
Colourless to pale pink and translucent colonies
Translucent colonies with a red/ cherry centre
Green and wet colonies
Purify the selected colonies on a nutritive agar Incubate 20-24 hours at 37+/-1C
Carry out biochemical confirmations (identification test)
Carry out serological confirmations
51
MAC CONKEY AGAR

Mac Conkey with violet cristal (n 3) In Vitro use only To be stored between 18 and 23 C
PRINCIPLE
Mac Conkey agar (Mac Conkey N is a selective and 3) differential plating medium mainly used for the detection and isolation of gram-negative organism from clinical, dairy, foodstuff, waters, pharmaceutical and industrial sources. In clinical samples this medium is adapted for the screening of Salmonella, Shigella et des Escherichia coli in babies stools. Bile salts and Crystal Violet inhibits Gram positive germs growth. The pH indicator, neutral red, helps to differentiate lactose-fermenting from lactose none fermenting gram negative enteric bacilli.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Mac Conkey A. 1905. Lactose-fermenting bacteria in faeces. J. Hyg. 8:333-379. 2. Mac Conkey A. 1908. Bile salt media and their advantage in some bacteriological examination. J. Hyg., 8:322-334. 3. Pharmacope Europenne. Milieu H.
PACKAGING
Dehydrated medium AEB151602 : Flacon de 500 g* Ready to use medium AEB621606 : Pack of 6 Flasks of 100 ml* AEB621607 : Pack of 6 flasks of 200 ml* Ready poured medium AEB521610 : Pack of 20 dishes 90 mm Made by : AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France
FORMULA
In grammes of purified water Peptone Proteose Peptone Monohydrated Lactose Bile salts Sodium chloride Neutral red Crystal violet Agar Final pH : 7,1 + 0,2 at 25C 17,00 3,00 10,00 1,50 5,00 0,03 0,001 13,50
151602: 22/01/04-G * : Products not stamped.
METHOD
Pour 50,0 g of powder into 1 litre purified water. Bring slowly to the boil, homogenise until complete dissolution. Dispense into tubes or flasks. Sterilize in autoclave for 15 minutes at 121 C.
PROCEDURE
Liquefy the medium then cool to 45-50C and dispense into sterile Petri dishes. Inoculate the surface in order to obtain isolated colonies. When analysing, water, dairy, foodstuff, dispense 1 ml of the sample or its decimal dilutions into a sterile Petri dish then pour about 15 ml of medium (45-57 homogenise C), and let the medium set. When screening for pathogen Enterobacteria in babies stools or urine use in parallel a second selective medium such as D.C.L.S for Salmonella and Shigella. Incubate 18 to 24 hours at 37 C.
RESULTS
Lactose germs grow as colourless colonies as oppose to lactose + germs that grow as pink to brick-red colonies with or with out a precipitation zone.
52
HEKTOEN
Hektoen Agar In Vitro use only To be stored between 18 and 23 C
PRINCIPLE
Hektoen Agar is used to isolate and differentiate pathogen Enterobacteria. The chose of peptone and the bile salts (inhibitor) makes it an ideal medium to detect Salmonella & Shigella. Proteus do not spread on this medium. The main principle of this medium relies on the fermentation of three carbohydrates : salicine, lactose and saccharose.
LIMITS & PRECAUTIONS Some strains of Vibrio can grow on this medium as salmon yellow colonies. BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. King S. and Metzger W.I. 1968. A new plating medium for the isolation of enteric pathogens, II. Comparison of Hekton Enteric Agar with SS and EMB Agar. Appl. Microbiol, 16:579-581. 2. Taylor W.I. and Schelhaut D. 1971. Comparison of Xylose Lysine Desoxycholate Agar, Hekton Enteric Agar, Salmonella-Shigella Agar, and Eosin Methylene Blue Agar with stool specimens. Appl. Microbiol. 21:3237. 3. King S. and Metzger W.I. 1968. A new plating medium for the isolation of enteric pathogens. I. Hekton Enteric Agar. Appl. Microbiol. 16:577-578.
FORMULA In grammes per litre of puriified water

Meat peptone Yeast extract Bile salts Lactose Saccharose Salicine Sodium chloride Sodium thiosulfate Ferric citrate Bromothymol blue Acid Fuchsine Agar Final pH : 7,6 + 0,2 at 25C 12,00 3,00 9,00 12,00 12,00 2,00 5,00 5,00 1,50 0,064 0,10 13,50
PACKAGING
Dehydrated AEB151152 : 500 g Ready to use medium AEB621157 : Flask of 200 ml Ready to use plates AEB521160 : Pack of 20 plates 90 mm AEB52159 : Pack of 120 plates 90 mm
METHOD
Suspend 76,6 grammes of powder in one litre of purified water. Bring to the boil under completely dissolved, and boil for one minute. DO NOT AUTOCLAVE.
Made by : AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France
PROCEDURE
Liquefy the medium then cool to 45-50 Poor into C. sterile Petri plates, let them set on a flat surface. Dry in an incubator with the lids slightly open. Inoculate the plate with the sample then incubate them 24 to 48 hours at 37 C.
151152: 30/05/05 - G
RSULTS
Microorganisms that ferment one of the 3 carbohydrates will grow as salmon pink colonies, those who do not will grow as blue colonies. Sulfide hydrogen production is reveal by the presence of ferric citrate. Colonies characteristics : * Salmon / yellow : Arizona, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Serratia, Y. enterocolitica. * Black centred Salmon / yellow: Proteus vulgaris. * Black centred green colonies: Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella. * Green colonies : Morganella morganii, Proteus rettgeri, Providencia, Salmonella H2S -, Shigella. * Small blue colonies : Pseudomonas.
53
T.S.I
Triple Iron Sugar Agar In Vitro use only To be stored between 18 and 23 C
PRINCIPLE
Triple Iron Sugar, also known as T.S.I., is used for differentiating gram-negative enteric bacilli based on the fermentation of dextrose, lactose and sucrose and on hydrogen sulfide production.
FORMULA
In grammes per liter of purified water Mix of peptone Dextrose Lactose Sucrose Sodium chloride Sodium thiosulfate Ferrous sulfate Phenol red Agar Final pH: 7,3 + 0,2 at 25 C 20,00 1,00 10,00 10,00 5,00 0,20 0,20 0,025 13,00
Citrobacter Edwardsellia Enterobacter aerogenes Enterobacter cloacae Escherichia coli Klebsiella Proteus mirabilis Proteus vulgaris Proteus morganii Proteus rettgeri Shigella dysenteriae Shigella sonnei Salmonella typhi Salmonella paratyphi A Salmonella cholereasuis Salmonella enteritidis Salmonella typhimurium
AG : A: NC : ALk : +: -:
Butt AG A/AG AG AG AG AG AG AG A/AG A A A A AG AG AG AG
Slant A A A A A A A A NC/ALC NC NC/ALC NC/ALC NC/ALC NC/ALC NC/ALC NC/ALC NC/ALC
H2S + + + + + + +
PREPARATION
Suspend 59,4 grammes in 1 liter purified water. Heat to boiling to dissolve completely. Dispense into tubes with closures. Autoclave at 118 for 15 minutes. C Cool in slanted position, as to have a slant and a butt of about 2 to 3 cm .
acid production (yellow) and gas acid production (yellow) No colour change (red) Alkaline reaction (red) Hydrogen sulfide production No hydrogen sulfide production
PROCEDURE
With an inoculating needle, prick the center of well-isolated colonies obtained from a solid media. Stab the center of the medium into the deep of the tube to 3 5 mm from the bottom. Withdraw the needle and streak the surface of the slant. Loosen closure on the tube before incubating 24 to 48 hours at 37 C. Read tubes for acid production of slant/butt, gas and hydrogen sulfide reactions.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1 American Public Health Association. 1963. Diagnostic Procedures and Reagents. 4th Ed. pp. 150 and 294-295. A.P.H.A. Inc., New York. 2. American Public Health Association. 1966. Recommended Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods. 2nd Ed. pp. 158 and 185, A.P.H.A. Inc., New York. 3. Hajna A.A. 1945. Triple-Sugar Iron Medium for the Identification of the Intestinal Group of Bacteria. J. Bact., 49:516-517. 4. US Pharmacopoeia. XVI medium. 5. European Pharmacopoeia. M medium.
RESULTS
An alkaline slant-acid butt (red/yellow) indicates fermentation of dextrose only. An acid slant-acid butt (yellow/yellow) indicates fermentation of dextrose, lactose and/or sucrose. An alkaline slant-alkaline butt (red/red) indicates that neither dextrose nor lactose was fermented (non-fermentation). Cracks, plits, or bubbles in the medium indicate gas production. A black precipitate in the butt indicates hydrogen sulfide production.
PACKAGING
Dehydrated medium AEB152902 : 500 g Prepared medium in flask AEB122909 : Pack of 100 slanted tubes Made by AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France 152902:09/01/03-F
REMARKS
This medium, is similar to Kligler Iron Agar, it is added with sucrose that can be fermented faster than lactose by some gram-negative enteric bacilli. This allows to differentiate Proteus from Salmonella. It is common to sample a T.S.I. and a urea broth at the same time when wanting to identify Proteus or any other species that has an active urease. When T.S.I. has been prepared for more than a week before being used it is best to regenerate the medium by letting T.S.I. agar dissolve in hot water then cooling the tube as describe in the preparation paragraph.
54
Culture media for food industry
Milk & Milk products Detection of Enterobacter Sakazakii

ISO/PFR TS 22964, September 2004
Pre-enrichment : Weigh X g of the sample in 9 times X ml Buffered Peptone Water (BPW) (Dilubag : AEB910303 (3L) & AEB910305 (5L)) Incubate at (37 1)C for (18 2) hours
Selective enrichment : Transfer 0,1 ml from the cultured BPW into 10 ml of mLST selective broth (AEB 110549 : 100 tubes of 10 ml). Incubate at (45 0,5)C(1) for (24 2) hours. (1) : It is recommended to use a water bath as incubation temperature should never go over 45,5C.
Selective isolation : Streak a 10 l loopful of the incubated mLST onto the surfate ESIA (AEB520010: Pack of 20 plates 90 mm). Incubate at (44 1)C for (24 2) hours. Typical colonies: Green-blue, 1 to 3 mm None typical colonies: white to purple (to mauve)
Typical colonies
None typical colonies: Purple to mauve colonies
Confirmation: Select 1 to 5 presumptive colonies(2) and subculture onto TSA (AEB522860 : Pack of 20 plates 90 mm) Incubate at (25 1)C for (46 2) hours. Examine the TSA-plates for the presence of yellow-pigmented, pursue by carrying out biochemical tests on one colony.
(2) : If no yellow-pigmented colony is seen on TSA, after the first subcultured colony, continue screening with the 4 remaining presumptive colonies from ESIA.
55
How to use ESIA agar for the detection of Enterobacter sakazakii
Homogenize X g of sample In 9 X ml of ESSB broth Incubate 242 hours at 371C
Isolate on ESIA agar Incubate 213 hours at 441C
Presence of typical colonies (blue colonies) Confirmation on microwell or automated identification system
Absence of typical colonies (purple colonies) Absence of Enterobacter sakazakii in X gram of sample
56
ESIA
Enterobacter sakazakii isolation agar In Vitro use Store between 2 and 8 C
PRINCIPLE Enterobacter sakazakii is an enterobacteria which was blamed in cases of neonatals infections convereyed by infantile dried milk and resulting in serious enterocolitis or meningitis. It also can be responsible for hospital acquired infections. It is considered as a thermotolerant coliform, meaning that it may grow at a temperature of 44C. Initially regarded as Enterobacter cloacae with yellow pigments, the Enterobacter sakazakii specie was isolated in 1980 on the basis study relating in particular to RNA-DNA hybridation. The virulence factors of this germ remain not elucidated to this day. ESIA chromogenic Agar is used for specific detection of Enterobacter sakazakii which produces typical blue colonies. FORMULA In grammes per litre of purified water Peptone Yeast extract Sodium chloride Sodium desoxycholate Crystal violet X-alpha-glucopyranoside Agar Final pH : 7,0 + 0,2 25C METHOD Suspend 30.8 g in 1 litre of purified water. Bring to the boil until completely disloved. Autoclave 15 minutes at 121 C. Cool to 45-50C then pour in Petri plates. PROCEDURE Detection of Enterobacter sakazakii according to standarded procedure: Refer to ISO/TS 22964 standard. Detection of Enterobacter sakazakii according to ESSB/ESIA method developed by AES/Chemunex): ESSB/ESIA was developed by AES/Chemunex for the specific detection of Enterobacter sakazakii in foodstuffs samples, such as milk powder, and foodstuff prepared from milk powder. ESSB broth was specially formulated as to guaranty an optimal growth of Enterobacter sakazakii, and an inhibition of interfering flora making the screening simple on the ESIA Agar. (See protocol) 57 7 3 5 0.6 0.002 0.15 15 RESULTS Typical colonies of Enterobacter sakazakii spp. appear blue. Using well isolated typical colonies Enterobacter sakazakii procedure to confirmation tests. LIMITS & PRECAUTIONS Some coliform can grow on ESIA inolation Agar. They can easily be differentiated from Enterobacter sakazakii as they grow as purple colonies. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Simmons, B.P., Gelfand, M.S., Haas, M., Metts, L. and Ferguson, J. 1989. Enterobacter sakazakii infections in neonates associated with intrinsic contamination of a powdered infant formula. Infect Control Hosp Epidemio. 10:398-401. 2. Van Acker, J., De Smet, F., Muyldermans, G., Bougatef, A., Naessens, A. and Lauwers, S. 2001. Outbreak of necrotizing enterocolitis associated with Enterobacter sakazakii in powdered milk formula. J Clin Microbiol. 39:293-297. 3. ISO/TS 22964 : Milk and milk products Detection of Enterobacter sakazakii. PACKAGING Dehydrated AEB150002 : 500 grs Ready to use ESIA AEB520010 : Pack of 20 plates 90 mm Ready to use ESSB AEB611448 : Pack of 6 flasks 225 ml Made by AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France 520010 : 05/09/05 B
m LST
Modified Lauryl sulfate with Vancomycine In Vitro use only To be stored beteen 2 and 8
PRINCIPLE Modified Lauryl sulfate with Vancomycin (m LST) was specially formulated for the detection of Enterobacter sakazakii in the frame work of the technical specification project : ISO/PRF TS 22964 : Milk and milk products Detection of Enterobacter sakazakii. Modifications carried out on the lauryl sulfate broth, such as increase of the sodium chloride contents on the one hand and addition of vancomicin on the other hand associated to an incubation at 45 C, make this medium an ideal enrichment broth for Enterobacter sakasakii while inhibiting the growth of interfering germs present in this category of sample. FORMULA En grammes par litre d'eau distille Tryptose Lactose Sodium chloride Potassium dihydrogen phosphate Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Sodium lauryl sulfate Vancomycin Final pH : 6,8 + 0,2 at 25C PROCEDURE Transfer 0.1 ml of the enrichment broth (buffered peptone water) into 10 ml of m LST broth. Incubate at 45 +/-0.5 for 24 hours +/- 2 hours. C C It is recommended to incubate the tubes in a water bath since an incubation higher than 45,5 can C cause damage during this step of the detection. RESULTS After incubation, steak a 10 L loopful of the selective enrichment broth onto the surface of the selective isolation agar for Enterobacter sakasakii ESIA . Incubate the plates at 44 +/-1 for 24 C C hours +/- 2 hours. Presumptive colonies of Enterobacter sakazakii are green blue and of have a diameter of 1 to 3 mm. 20,00 5,00 34,00 2,75 2,75 0,10 0.01
LIMITS & PRECAUTIONS In the refrigerator (2-8 C), the sodium laureth sulphate could precipitate. The reaction is reversible with increasing of temperature. This will not affect the properties of the broth. BIBLIOGRAPHY ISO/PRF TS 22964: Milk and milk products Detection of Enterobacter sakazakii (2005). PACKAGING Ready to use medium AEB110549 : Pack of 100 tubes of 10 ml Made by AES Chemunex - Combourg - France 110459 : 03/11/05 - B
58
Other culture media
Vibrions TCBS Yersinia CIN
59
VIBRIONS TCBS
Selective medium for Vibrio cholerae For in vitro use To be stored between 18 and 23 C
PRINCIPLE
The formulation of the T.C.B.S. medium (Thiosulphate Citrate Bile Salts Sucrose) corresponds to the one described by Nakanishi, then modified by Kobayashi. The medium is used for the isolation of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and most of the other Vibrio species. It allows to detect the V. parahaemolyticus in fishes and seafood. The thiosulfate and sodium citrate, present in high concentration (10 g/l) in the medium and the basic pH inhibit the enterobacteriacea growth. The biliary salt slow down the enterococci development and the Gram positive germs while helping the Vibrio growth. The fermentation of saccharose by the Vibrio species produces an acid production causing the pH indicators the change of colour, from blue to yellow..
RESULTS
During the first 24 hours, most of the other bacteria are totally inhibited. However, after 24 hours, some strains of Proteus and Streptococcus faecalis can appear. These colonies can be easily differentiated from those of Vibrio. Vibrio alginolyticus gives wide yellow colonies with a diameter of 3 - 5 mm. Vibrio cholerae, fluvialis et vulnificus give yellow colonies with a diameter of 2 - 3 mm. Vibrio metschnikovii gives yellow colonies with a diameter of 2 - 4 mm. Vibrio mimicus et vibrio vulnificus gives green colonies with a diameter of 2 - 3 mm. Vibrio parahaemolyticus gives blue or green colonies with a diameter of 3 - 5 mm. The small colonies which can appear (medium not yellow coloured) correspond to E. coli, Klebsiella, Salmonella typhi, Shigella, Proteus, Providencia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
FORMULA
In grammes for 1 litre of distilled water Yeast Extract Peptone Sodium Thiosulfate Sodium Citrate Biliary salt Saccharose Sodium Chloridea Ferric Citrate Bromothymol Blue Thymol Blue Agar Final pH : 8,4 + 0,2 25C 5,00 10,00 10,00 10,00 8,00 20,00 10,00 1,00 0,04 0,04 16,00

The cultures on T.C.B.S. medium must be rapidly examined after their withdrawal from the incubator. Indeed, the yellow colonies of Vibrio (for example V. cholerae) tend to change to green if the storage at room temperature is prolonged. Confirm the diagnosis of V. cholerae by the usual techniques using the specific agglutinating serums.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Nakanishi Y. 1963. An isolation agar medium for cholera and enteropathogenic halophilic vibrios. Modern Media 9:246. 2. McCormack W.M., De Witt W.E., Bailey P.E., Morris G.K., Socharjono P. and Gangarosa E.J. 1974. Evaluation of Thiosulphate-Citrate-Bile Salts-SucroseAgar a selective medium for the isolation of Vibrio cholerae and other pathogenic vibrios. J. Inf. Dis. 129:497-500. 3. AFNOR V08-024. 05/91. Directives gnrales pour la recherche des Vibrio parahaemolyticus
PREPARATION
Suspend 90,0 grammes of powder in 1 litre of distilled water. Bring slowly to the boil, shaking until complete dissolution DO NOT AUTOCLAVE
PROCEDURE
Liquefy the medium around 45-50C. Pour in sterile Petri dishes and let the medium solidify on a cold and horizontal surface. Dry the plates with an incubator, half-open lids Inoculate the medium directly with the stools, every other taking suspected to contain Vibrio or from an enrichment liquid medium. Incubate at 37 for 18 - 24 hours. C
PACKAGING
Dehydrated medium AEB153182 : Flask of 500 g Made by AES Laboratoire - Combourg France 153182:20/02/02-D
60
YERSINIA C.I.N
Yersinia Selective Agar In vitro use only To be stored between 18 and 23 C
PRINCIPLE
Yersinia C.I.N. Agar (Cefsulodin Irgasan Novobiocin), complies with Schiemann description. It is used for the selective isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foodstuff and clinical samples. The mix of antibiotics, and the action of inhibitors such as violet crystal, inhibits the growth of interfering flora. The fermentation of mannitol by the microorganisms causes a colour change to red of the pH indicator due to acid metabolites. This acid production also cause the desoxycholate to precipitate.

Other strains of Gram negative bacilli (Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter agglomerans & Serratia liquefaciens) that ferment mannitol might grow on Yersinia CIN Agar, may interfere in the ready of the plates. All colonies that grow on this medium should under go biochemical confirmation tests (Kligler-Hajna, urease, saccharose, saliciline).
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Schiemann D.A. 1979. Synthesis of a selective agar medium for Yersinia enterocolitica. Can. J. Microbiol. 25:1298-1304. 2. Devenish J.A. and Schiemann D.A. 1981. An abbreviated scheme for identification of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from food enrichments on CIN (cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin) agar. Can. J. Microbiol. 27:937-941. 3. Head C.B., Whitty D.A. and Ratnam S. 1982. Comparative study of selective media for recovery of Y. enterocolitica. J. Clin. Microbiol. 16:615-621. 4. Schiemann D.A. 1982. Development of a two step enrichment procedure for recovery of Yersinia enterocolitica from food. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 43:14-27. 5. Mossel D.A.A. 1987. Cefsulodin Irgasan Novobiocin (C.I.N.) agar. Inter. J. Food Microbiol. 5:208-209.
FORMULA
In grammes per litre of purified water Peptone 20,00 Yeast extract 2,00 Mannitol 20,00 Sodium Pyruvate 2,00 Sodium chloride 1,00 Magnesium sulfate 0,01 Sodium desoxycholate 0,50 Irgasan 0,004 Neutral red 0,03 Violet crystal 0,001 Agar 12,00 C.N. (Selective supplement) For 5 ml of purified water Cefsulodin 7,50 mg Novobiocin 1,25 mg Final pH : 7,4 + 0,2 at 25C
PACKAGING
Dehydrated agar base AEB153452 : 500 g CN. Selective supplement AEB184011 : q.s.p. 500 ml, lyophilised* Ready to use medium AEB123460 : Coffret 10 botes de 90 mm Fabriqu par AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France 153452:30/05/05 -E * : Product none CE stamped.
METHOD
Suspend 57,5 grammes of powder in one litre of purified water. Bring slowly to the boil under constant homogenisation until completely dissolved. Boil for one minute. DO NOT AUTOCLAVE.
PROCEDURE
Liquefy the medium then cool to 45-50 C. Add one vial of regenerated supplement to 500 ml of prepared Agar base. Homogenise well then pour into sterile Petri plates. Inoculate de plates directly with the sample or with an enrichment culture (P.B.S: Peptone - Bile salts-Sorbitol incubated at 4 for 21 days) C Incubate the plates at 22-32C for 24 to 48 hours.
RESULTS
After 24 hours : Yersinia enterocolitica colonies show up as small red centred colonies with irregular and transparent edges. After 48 hours : Colonies are much bigger and can show desoxycholate precipitations zones.
61
Gram+
62
Enumeration of Staphylococci aureus NF EN ISO 6888-1 standard ; NF EN ISO 6888-2 standard - 2003
Decimal dilution of the water sample in a Peptone salt broth (AEB111499 - pack of 100 tubes of 9 ml)
6888-1 standard
6888-2 standard
Inoculation by spreading on a Baird Parker medium (AEB520320 - 20 plates 90 mm) 0,1 ml of each dilution Incubation 24 - 48 hours at 35+/- 1C or 37 +/- 1C
Inoculation by incorporation or on surface of Baird Parker RPF agar (AEB520220pack of 20 plates) with 1 ml or 0,1 ml of each dilution. Incubation 18 - 24 hours at 37+/- 1C
Mark the typical colonies (dark or grey surrounded by a lightening halo) on the back of the plate after 16 to 24 hours of incubation Re-incubation of all the plates 22 - 24 hours at 35+/- 1C or 37+/- 1C Enumeration of the typical colonies (colonies surrounded by an opaque or blurred zone) and expression of the results according to the dilutions.
Enumeration of the typical and non typical colonies (dark without lightening halo) on the plates containing between 15 and 150 colonies and expression of the results according to the dilutions, and then selection of 5 colonies of each plate for confirmation
63
Research of the Catalase on 3 selected colonies, then inoculation of a BHI broth from the positive catalase selected colonies Incubation 20 - 24 hours at 35+/- 1C or at 37C +/-1C
Carry out a Coagulase test by adding 0,1 ml of the BHI broth to 0,3 ml of rabbit plasma (AEB1840088 - flask of 2,5 ml) Incubation 4 - 6 hours or up to 24 hours at 37+/- 1C
Confirmation Check if the coagulation occured (the coagulum takes up more than 3/4 of the volume taken up by the liquid initially) If there is no coagulation, re-incubate at 37+/-1C up to 24 hours for confirmation
64
Horizontal method for the enumeration of the coagulase-positive Staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus and other species) Part 3: detection and MPN technique for low numbers
NF EN ISO 6888-3 - June 2003
Research method
Enumeration method (NPP)
Dilute 1 g or 1 ml of sample in 9 g or 9 ml of single concentration Giolitti Cantoni (or 10g or 10 ml in 10 g or 10 ml of double concentration Giolitti Cantoni broth. Incubation 24+/-2 hours at 37C +/-1C with a layer of paraffin or agar OR in anaerobic atmosphere (jars, )
Prepare a mother solution according to the ISO 6887 or ISO 8261 standards recommendations
Inoculate 3 tubes of double concentration Giolitti Cantoni broth with 10 ml of the mother solution and dilute these tubes in series. Inoculate 3 tubes of single concentration Giolitti Cantoni broth with 10 ml of the mother solution and dilute these tubes in series. Incubation 24+/-2 hours at 37+/-1C with a layer of paraffin or agar OR in anaerobic atmosphere (jars, )
65
Appearance of a black precipitate or broth blackening
No black precipitate or broth blackening Re-incubation 24+/-2 hours at 37+/-1C
Subculture on Baid Parker agar Incubation 24+/-2 hours at 37+/-1C
OR
Subculture on Baird Parker agar with RPF Incubation 24+/-2 hours at 37+/-1C
Mark the typical colonies (black to grey, brilliant and convex, surrounded with a clear halo and possibly with an opalescent ring on contact with colonies, 1 to 1,5 mm of diameter). Incubation 24+/-2 hours at 37+/-1C
Presence of small black to white colonies surrounded by a precipitate halo.
Mark the new typical colonies and the non typical colonies (black and brilliant colonies without bright area or opalescent ring or grey colonies without bright area.
Carry out a confirmation test with rabbit plasma on each marked colony. If one of the confirmation is positive:
Presence of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus in the sample analyzed
Calculate the result of the enumeration according to the number of positive tubes per dilution and to the MPN technique
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BAIRD PARKER (page 1/2)

Base for Baird-Parker Agar In Vitro use only
DESCRIPTION
Baird Parker Agar is a highly specific and selective medium for isolation and enumeration of coagulasepositive staphylococci from food. It may also be used for identification of staphylococci on the basis of their ability to clear egg yolk. Baird-Parker Agar contains sodium pyruvate in order to stimulate the growth of Staphylococcus aureus without destroying the selectivity. The tellurite additive is toxic to egg yolk clearing strains other than Staphylococcus aureus and imparts a black color to the colonies. The egg yolk additive, in addition to being an enrichment, aids in the identification process by demonstrating lecithinase activity (egg yolk reaction). Glycine and lithium chloride have inhibitory action for organisms other than Staphylococcus aureus. The addition of sulfamethazine at 50 mg/l inhibit the growth of Proteus. Other microorganisms, like Bacillus, yeasts, Micrococcus, Stahylococcus epidermidis or saprophiticus may grow sparsely but give no typical colonies. Nevertheless, typical, confirmation tests, like search of free coagulase, thermonuclease or Dnase should be performed to confirm findings.
RESULTS
Typical colonies of Staphylococcus aureus are black, shiny, convex and with a diameter of 1 to 1,5 mm. They are surrounded by a clear halo due probably to the action of a lipoproteinase and opaque zones, due to the action of a lecithinase, which appears in the clear halo, sometimes only after 48 hours of incubation.

Addition of sulfamethazine is recommanded in order to inhibit the growth of Proteus. Bacillus give brown colonies, yeasts white colonies and Micrococcus brown to black colonies all with no typical clear zone. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus are inhibited but may grow sparsely. They give more irregular colonies with an opac halo and, very rarely, a clear zone.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Zebovitz E., Evans J.B. and Niven C.F. Jr. 1955. Tellurite-glycine agar, a selective plating medium for the quantitative detection of coagulase positive staphylococci. J. Bacteriol. 70:686-690. 2. Baird-Parker A.C. 1962. An improved diagnostic and selective medium for isolating coagulase positive staphylococci. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 25:12-19. 3. Baird-Parker A.C. 1963. A classification of micrococci and staphylococci based on physiological and biochemical tests. J. Microbiol. 30, 409-427. 4. Smith B.A. and Baird-Parker A.C. 1964. The use of sulphamethazine for inhibiting Proteus spp. on Baird-Parker's isolation medium for Staphylococcus aureus. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 27:78-82. 5. Baird-Parker A.C. and Davenport E. 1965. The effect of recovery medium on the isolation of Staphylococcus aureus after heat treatment and after storage of frozen or dried cells. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 28:390-402. 6. Europeen Pharmacopa. O medium.
FORMULA
In grammes per litre of purified water Tryptone Meat extract Yeast extract Sodium pyruvate Glycine Lithium chloride Agar 10,00 5,00 1,00 10,00 12,00 5,00 15,00
Final pH : 7,0 + 0,2 at 25C C Final pH: 6,8 0.2 at 25 for Baird Parker used in Pharmacopoeia.
PREPARATION
Suspend 60 g of the powder in 1 litre of distilled water. Heat with frequent agitation and boil for 1 minute to completely dissolve the powder. Dispense and sterilize by autoclaving at 121 for 15 minutes. C Cool to 45-50 and add 50 ml of sterile tellurite yolk egg C solution (and if needed, 25 ml of 0,2 % sterile sulfamethazin solution. Mix thoroughly but gently and pour into sterile Petri dishes.
PACKAGING
Dehydrated medium. To be stored between 18 and 23 C AEB150302 : 500 g Ready to use base. To be stored between 18 and 23 C AEB620316 : 6 bottles of 100 ml AEB620317 : 6 bottles of 200 ml AEB620314 : 6 bottles of 90 ml AEB620313 : 6 bottles of 180 ml
PROCEDURE
Samples are diluted as desired and the dilutions spread-inoculated onto the agar surface. Incubate plates at 37 for 24 hours and 48 hours if no C typical colony grow in 24 hours.
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BAIRD PARKER (page 2/2)

Base for Baird-Parker Agar In Vitro use only
Ready to use Baird Parker (Pharma.) base. To be stored between 18 and 23 C AEB620316P: pack of 6 flasks of 100 ml Ready poured Baird Parker with Sulfamethazine To be stored between 2 and 8 C AEB520320S: Pack of 20 dishes 90 mm AEB520319S: Pack of 120 dishes 90 mm Ready poured medium. To be stored between 2 and 8 C AEB520320 : Pack of 20 dishes 90 mm AEB520319 : Pack of 120 dishes 90 mm Ready poured Baird Parker RPF To be stored between 2 and 8 C AEB520330 : Pack of 20 dishes 90 mm AEB520329 : Pack of 120 dishes 90 mm Ready to use sterile tellurite egg yolk. To be stored between 2 and 8 C AEB180053 : 5 ml tube AEB180054 : 25 ml bottle AEB180052 : 50 ml bottle AEB180056 : 100 ml bottle Ready to use sterile solution of sulfamethazine at 0,2 %. To be stored between 2 to 8 C. AEB180042 : 2,5 ml tube AEB180408 : 12,5 ml tube RPF supplement To be stored between 2 and 8 C AEB184100: 12 qsp 100ml AEB184106: 6 qsp 100 ml AEB184107: 6 qsp 200 ml
Made by : AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France 150302 : 07/01/05 - K
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BAIRD-PARKER + RPF
Baird-Parker Agar with R.P.F For In Vitro diagnosis
DESCRIPTION Baird Parker Agar with Rabbit Plasma Fibrinogen (RPF) is a higly selectif and specific for isolation and enumaration of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus from foodstuffs and pharmaceutical products. The direct detection of a coagulase on the medium is possible due to the presence of R.P.F. FORMULA In grammes per liter of distilled water
Tryptone Meat extract Yeast extract Sodium pyruvate Glycine Lithium chloride Rabbit plasma Trypsine inhibitor Potassium tellurite Agar pH final : 7,2 + 0,2 25C 10,00 5,00 1,00 10,00 12,00 5,00 25,00 ml 0,025 0,025 17,00
RESULTS Enumerate colonies (with black coloration or not) with a precipitation halo. LIMITS & PRECAUTIONS Flasks of prepared complete medium should be used immediately. Ready poured plates prepared be the laboratory should be inoculated within 48 hours and stored at 2-8 C. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Baird-Parker A.C. 1962. An improved diagnostic and selective medium for isolating coagulase positive staphylococci. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 25:12-19. 2. Norme AFNOR NF V08-057-1. Mthode de routine pour le dnombrement des Staphylocoques coagulase positive par technique des colonies 37 Partie 1 : C. technique avec confirmation des colonies. 3. Norme AFNOR NF V08-057-2. Mthode de routine pour le dnombrement des Staphylocoques coagulase positive par comptage des colonies 37C. Partie 2 : technique sans confirmation des colonies. 4. Norme NF EN ISO 6888-2. Mthode horizontale pour le dnombrement des Staphylocoques coagulase positive (Staphylococcus aureus et autres espces). Partie 2 : Technique de la glose au plasma de lapin et fibrinogne. PRESENTATION Prepoured medium. Store between 2 & 8 C AEB520330 : Pack of 20 dishes 90 mm AEB520329 : Pack of 120 dishes 90 mm
Ready to use Agar base: Store between 18 & 23 C AEB620314 : Pack of 6 x 90 ml flasks AEB620313 : Pack of 6 x 180 ml flasks Additive: Store between 2 & 8 C AEB184106: RPF AFNOR 6 qsp 100ml AEB184107: RPF AFNOR 6 qsp 200 ml AEB620337 : KIT Baird Parker base with RPF additive for 1L Made by: AES CEMUNEX - Combourg - France 520330 : 03/10/05- F
METHOD 1. Bring a bottle of BP agar base to boiling and cool to 45-47 C. 2. Reconstitute a vial of RPF lyophilized supplement with 20 ml sterile purified water and mix gently until complete dissolution. Pre-heat the regenerated supplement at 37 C. 3. Poor the reconstituted supplement in the bottle of BP agar base. Mix well. PROCEDURE Pour plate technique (according to ISO and French standards) : Samples are diluted as desired. Place 1 ml of the sample our its decimal dilutions in the base of a sterile Petri plate. Pour enough prepared medium as to obtain a plate 3 mm thick. Homogenize well and let set before incubating at the plates at 37 for 24 C hours or up to 48 hours if no typical colonies are seen. Surface spreading of inoculi (according to French standards) Plates are inoculated by spreading of 0,1 ml of the sample or its dilutions. Incubate plates at 37 for 24 C hours or up to 48 hours if no typical colonies are seen. Confirmation technique (according to French standards): According to the French Standard NF V 08-57-1 typical colonies on Baird Parker can be confirmed with Baird Parker RPF by pricking a colony into and Baird Parker RPF medium. Do not confirm more than 12 colonies per plate including controls.
69
BRAIN HEART INFUSION BROTH

B.H.I BROTH For In Vitro diagnosis To be stored between 18 and 23 C
DESCRIPTION
The B.H.I. broth is used for the cultivating fastidious aerobic and anaerobic micro-organisms, such as Neisseria meningitides, pneumococci, Streptococci. Its formula is compliant to the French food standard NF V08-014. B.H.I. broth is recommended for blood culture, and the growth of pathogen fungi. B.H.I. broth in used for the culture of Staphylococcus strains when performing test for the detection of coagulase.
PACKAGING
Dehydrated medium AEB140102 : 500 g Ready to use medium AEB110109: Pack of 100 tubes 5 ml AEB110110 : Pack of 100 tubes 10 ml AEB610104 : Pack of 6 flasks 90 ml* Made by : AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France 140102 : 31/05/06 -H
FORMULA
In grammes per liter of distilled water 200 grs of infusion from calf brains 250 grs of infusion from beef heart Proteose peptone Dextrose Sodium chloride Disodium phosphate Final pH : 7,4 + 0,2 to 25C 12,50 5,00 10,0 2,0 5,0 2,50
* : Product not
stamped.
PREPARATION
Suspend 37 grams of medium in 1 litre of purified water. Homogenise until completely dissolved. Autoclave at 121 for 15 minutes. Cool to room C temperature. Dispense in flasks or tubes.
PROCEDURE
Inoculate the broth with micro organism strain or sample according to the laboratory specification.
REFERENCES
1. Rosenow E.C. 1919. Studies on selective localisation. Focal infection with special reference to oral sepsis. J. Dental Research 1:205-249. 2. Chapman G.H. 1946. Isolation and testing of faecal Streptococci. Am. J. Digestive Diseases 13:105-107. 3. AFNOR V08-014. 1983. Microbiologie alimentaire Directives gnrales pour la recherche et le dnombrement de Staphylococcus aureus. Mthode par comptage des colonies. 4. AFNOR V59-105 Octobre 1982. Glatine alimentaire Recherche de Staphylococcus aureus.
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LYOPHILISED RABBIT PLASMA

Detection of free coagulase In Vitro use only To be stored between 2 and 8 C
PRINCIPLE
Screening for free coagulase, extra cellular enzyme that In Vitro is able to coagulate rabbit plasma, help to differentiate Staphylococcus aureus from Staphylococcus epidermis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Micrococcus, since only pathogen strains of Staphylococcus aureus are capable within 24 hours to coagulate rabbit plasma.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. AFNOR NF V08-057-1. Mthode de routine pour le dnombrement des staphylocoques coagulase positive par comptage des colonies 37C.
PACKAGING
Lyophilised rabbit plasma AEB184088 : Flask of 7,5 ml for 15 tests Ready to use BHI broth (to be stored between 1823 C) AEB110110 : Coffret de 100 tubes de 10 ml Made by : AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France 184087: 07/04/05 D
METHOD
Under sterile environment regenerate the rabbit plasma with 7.5 ml of sterile purified water. The lyophilised product in stored at 2-8 until the end of C its shelf life. Once regenerated the product can be kept 15 days at 2-8 or frozen (-20 allowing then a shelf C C) life of 1 month.
PROCEDURE
Inoculate a BHI broth with the tested strain. Incubate at 37 for 20 to 24 hours. C Homogenise 0.5 ml of the incubated broth to 0.5 ml of the regenerated rabbit plasma in a sterile 5 ml tube. Incubate at 37C for up to 24 hours. Intermediate reading can be done after 4 and 6 hours to detect fast coagulase strains.
RESULTS
Coagulation of the plasma (usually total) is seen during the first 4 hours of incubation. A positive result is given when a coagulum is observed even when late after 24 hours incubation.

Other strains of Staphylococci might give positive coagulase test such as Staphylococcus intermedius & Staphylococcus equi. When screening for coagulase positive strains, one can come accross coagulase negative strains that could potentialy be pathogen. Carrying out other confirmation tests (Dnase, thermonuclease, phosphatase) could confirm the dangerousness of the strain. Auto coagulation due to citrate is prevented by the presence of EDTA in the product.
71
D.N.A
DeoxyriboNucleic Acid agar For In Vitro use To be stored between 18 and 23C
PRINCIPLE
The DNA agar is a solid culture medium which formula, based on the works of Jeffries, Holtman and Guse and those of Di Salvo, is the one of the Tryptic Soy agar with 2 g/l DeoxyriboNucleicn Acid added. It allows to detect the activity of the bacteria DNase and particularly to identifiy the pathogenic Staphylococci. The DeoxyriboNucleic Acid, present in the medium, is depolymerized by the DNase in a mix of mono and polynucleotides with short chain. Positive reactions will be revealed by using chlorhydric acid (1N) or toluidine blue 0,1% solution. Around the DNase + colonies, the digested D.N.A will not precipitate with the chlorydric acid or will not be stand in blue by the colouring but pink. make the blue colour of the polychrome colorant (which is the toluidine) turn pink.
The micro-organisms that are Cocci, Gram +, catalase + and giving a positive reaction could be identified as presumptuous. Staphylococcus aureus Other complementary tests such as detection of the free coagulase or of the thermonuclease should be carried out to confirm the diagnosis. N.B. The differentiation of the Staphylococci will be easier by adding mannitol (10 g/l) and phenol red (0,025 g/l) as pH indicator, before the medium sterilization. The species which deteriorate the mannitol develop yellow colonies, surrounded by a yellow halo. The detection of DNase is an important identification test for the Staphylococci, but also for the differentiation of Serratia marcescens and liquefaciens (DNase +) from the DNase Enterobacteria (particularly Enterobacter and
FORMULA
In grammes for 1 litre of purified water Pancreatic Digest of Casein Papaic Digest of Soybean Meal Deoxyribonucleic Acid Sodium Chloride Agar Final pH: 7,3 + 0,2 at 25C 15,00 5,00 2,00 5,00 15,00
Klebsiella). LIMITS AND PRECAUTIONS

Other micro-organisms, such as Aeromonas, some strains of Proteus-Providencia, some Xanthomonas maltophilia and Vibrio have a DNase.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Jeffries C.D., Holtman D.F. and Guse D.G. 1957. Rapid method for determining the activity of micro-organisms on nucleic acid. J. Bacteriol. 73:590-591. 2. Di Salvo J.W. 1958. Deoxyribonuclease and coagulase activity of micrococci. Med. Techns. Bull. Suppl. to U.S. Armed Forces Med. J. 9:191-196. 3. Schreier J.B. 1969. Modification of Deoxyribonuclease Test Medium for rapid identification of Serratia marcescens. Amer. J. Clin. Pathol. 51:711-716. 4. Smith P.B., Hancock G.A. and Rhoden D.L. 1969. Improved Medium for Detecting Deoxyribonuclease-Producting Bacteria. Appl. Microbiol. 18:991-993.
PREPARATION
Suspend 42,0 grammes of powder in 1 litre of purified water. Bring slowly to the boil, shaking until complete dissolution. Dispense in tubes or flasks. Autoclave at 121C for 15 minutes
PROCEDURE
Liquefy the medium at about 50 C. Pour in sterile Petri dishes. Inoculate the suspected colonies (taken on Chapman agar or on Baird-Parker agar, in the case of Staphylococci) in single streaks of 2 cm of length or by 1 cm spots of diameter at the agar surface. Several strains (4 to 5 maximum) can be inoculated on the same plate simultaneously. Incubate at 37C for 24 hours.
PACKAGING
Dehydrated medium AEB150052 : 500 g Ready to use medium AEB120059 : 100 tubes of 20 ml Prepared medium AEB121061 : Pack of 10 plates 55 mm Made by AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France 150052:29/10/04 - D
RESULTS
Spread at the surface of the agar a solution of chlorhydric acid 1 N or of a toluidine blue solution (0,1%). The reagent surplus will be sucked. After 5 to 10 minutes of contact, note the colonies appearance. In presence of chlorhydric acid (1 N) * clear zone around the streak, the rest of the agar is opaque: DNase + * absence of zone around the streaks : DNase In presence of toluidine blue at 0,1% * pink zone around the streak, the rest of the agar is blue: DNase + * absence of zone around the streak: DNase -
72
GIOLITTI-CANTONI
Giolitti-Cantoni broth (base) In vitro use only Store between 18 and 23 C
PRINCIPLE Giolliti-Cantoni broth is an enrichment medium used to enrich small quantities of Staphylococcus aureus in foods. The concentrations of lithium chloride and tellurite potassium prevent the growth of interfering Gram negative and negative flora. Pyruvate and glycine are added as growth factor to enhance the growth of staphylococci that is revealed by a blackening of the medium (reduction of tellurite). FORMULA In grammes per litre of purified water SC DC Tryptone 10,00 20,00 Meat extract 5,00 10,00 Yeast extract 5,00 10,00 Lithium chloride 5,00 10,00 Mannitol 20,00 40,00 Sodium Chloride 5,00 10,00 Glycine 1,20 2,40 Pyruvate de sodium 3,00 6,00 Final pH : 6,9 + 0,2 at 25C METHOD Suspend 54,2 grammes of powder in one litre of purified water. Add 1 gramme of polysorbate (Tween) 80. Bring slowly to the boil under continuous homogenisation. Dispatch 10 ml per tubes of 16 x 160 mm. Autoclave 20 minutes at 115C. Note : As to prepare one litre of Giolitti Cantoni double concentration one needs to suspend double quantities of powder (108,4 grammes) and Polysorbate 80 ( 2 ml). Dispatch in tubes of 20 x 200 mm. PROCEDURE Regenerate prepared tubes at 100 for 15 C minutes. Cool then add 0.1 ml of a 1% tellurite solution of each tube (single concentration). Add 1 ml of the tested product or its decimal dilution. Homogenise well without adding any air. Add to each tube 1 cm thick cork of sterile liquefied Agar-Agar. When using double concentration broth, proceed as with single concentration broth but add 0,2 ml of tellurite solution and 10 ml of the tested product. Incubate at 37C for 24 to 48 hours
RESULTS Subculture on to Baird Parker plates all tubes that show a dark precipitate or blackening of the medium. LIMITS & PRECAUTIONS The prepared tube (base) can be stored for up to 15 days at 2-8 Once add with the tellurite C. solution, the tubes have to be used in the day. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Giolitti G. and Cantoni C. 1966. A medium for the isolation of Staphylococci from Foodstuffs. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 29:395-398. 2. FIL-IDF 60. 1971. Recherche des staphylocoques coagulase positive dans les poudres de lait. 3. Norme ISO 6888-3 Microbiologie des aliments Mthode horizontale pour le dnombrement des staphylocoques coagulase positive (Staphylococcus aureus et autres espces) Partie 3 : recherche et mthode NPP pour les faibles nombres. PACKAGING Dehydrated medium AEB140392 : 500 g Preapred medium base (with polysorbate and without potassium tellurite) single concentration (SC) AEB110399 : Pack of 100 tubes 10 ml Preapred medium base (with polysorbate and without potassium tellurite) double concentration (DC) AEB110400 : Pack of 100 tubes 10 ml Sterile tellurite solution (1 %) AEB180453 : Tube 5 ml Made by : AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France 140392:14/02/04-E
73
Horizontal method for the Clostridium perfringens enumeration NF EN ISO 7937 standard - 2005
Preparation of the mother suspension and of its dilutions
Inoculate 2 plates of TSC agar in the mass and in double layer with 1 ml of the mother suspension or of its dilution Incubate in anaerobic atmosphere 20+/-2 hours at 37C
Enumerate the black colonies as presumptive C.perfringens and carry out confirmation tests (you can choose between 3 protocols) on 5 colonies by plate.
Confirmation with biochemical identification test
Subculture the selected colonies in a Thioglycollate broth. Incubate in anaerobic atmosphere 18 - 24 hours at 37C
If the black colonies are not well isolated, inoculate 5 typical colonies in a Thioglycollate broth. Incubate in anaerobic atmosphere 18 - 24 hours at 37C
74
Transfer 5 drops of inoculated broths in tubes of Lactose-sulfite broth Incubate 18-24 hours at 46C
Isolate on TSC agar plates Incubate in anaerobic atmosphere 18-24 hours at 37C
All the tubes considered as positive are those presenting a black colouring of which the Durham bell is at least filled at 1/4. In case of doubt on the gas production, transfer some drops of the culture in a new tube of Lactose sulfite broth and incubate again 18 24 hours at 46C and then carry out another reading
Inoculate by central prick in nitratemotility medium. Incubate in anaerobic atmosphere 24 hours at 37C
Inoculate the gelatine lactose broth.
Incubate in anaerobic atmosphere 24 hours at 37C
Note the motility from the central prick Pour 0,2 to 0,5 ml of reagent for the detection of nitrites. Note the appearance of a red colouring (transformation of the nitrates in nitrites). Any pink colouring must not be taken into account. If no colouring appears within 15 minutes, add a pinch of zinc and wait 10 minutes. If a red colouring appears, there was no nitrates reduction.
Note the gas production and the lactose fermentation (yellow colouring). Place the tubes 1h at 5C. If the medium solidifies (gelatine liquefaction), reincubate an additional 24 hours and confirm the gelatine liquefaction.
Consider as Clostridium perfringens the black colonies in TSC medium which are non motile and which reduce the nitrates in nitrites or produce acid or gas, and liquefy the gelatine within 48 hours.
75
Horizontal method for the ASR bacteria enumeration NF ISO 15213 standard - September 2003
Preparation and dilution of the sample according to the NF ISO 6887-1 or 8261 standards (it is possible to detect only the spores of the ASR bacteria making the mother supension subjected to a thermic treatment (for example 20 minutes at 75C )
Inoculation by incorporation in the tryptose sulphite agar (AEB622896 flaks of 100 ml) with 1 ml of each dilution (2 plates per dilution) + addition of a second layer of tryptose sulphite agar OR Inoculation by incorporation in regenerated tubes of tryptose sulphite agar with 1 ml of each dilution (2 tubes per dilution) + addition of 2-3 ml of a layer of tryptose sulphite agar (AEB122899 100 tubes of 20 ml). Incubation 24 -48 hours at 37+/-1C (in anaerobic atmosphere for the Petri dishes)
Enumerate the dark colonies on the plates containing less than 150 characteristic colonies or the tubes containing colonies well separated. Give the result according to the number of colonies enumerated and to the dilution factor.
76
T.S.C and Tryptose sulfite (page1/2)

Base for Tryptone Sulfite Cycloserine agar In Vitro use To be stored between 18 and 23 C
DESCRIPTION
Tryptone Sulfite agar with or without cycloserine, as described by Harmon, Kautter and Peeler, is used for selective isolation and enumeration of anaerobe sulfitoreducing germs in particular Clostridium perfringens in animal and human foods. Tryptose sulfite agar (without egg yolk) has the advantage of producing small colonies that are easy to count (especially dishes with numerous colonies). Sodium sulfite is reduced to sulfide which with ferric citrate forms a black precipitate around the colonies. D- Cycloserine, added to the base medium, gives a higher sensitivity to Clostridium perfringens than antibiotics such as polymyxine or kanamycine. It also reduces the size of the black halo around the colonies. The International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods (I.C.M.S.F.) recommends T.S.C. agar , considering that has higher performances with vegetative cells and sporulating Clostridium perfringens than agars such as S.P.S. (Angelottis method ) and T.S.N. (Marshalls method). Heat up the sample to be analysed in order to destroy vegetative cells and activate spores. Technique using a tube: Introduce 1 ml of each decimal dilution from the sample into the tubes. Make sure that no air bubbles are created. After homogenisation, cool the tubes down in a bath of icy water. Incubate at 37 or 46 for 24 hours. C C Technique with a Petri Dish: Place 1 mL of each decimal dilution into a sterile Petri dish. Pour 15 to 20 ml of T.S.C. Let this first layer set then add another 5 mL to form the second layer. When the dishes are set, incubate the dishes, reverse way up, at 37 or 46 for 24 hours under C C anaerobic atmosphere. Note: A 46 C incubation reinforces the medium selectivity for Clostridium perfringens. Water analysis with tryptose sulfite agar: Heat the sample 15 minutes at 75 5 as to C destroy vegetative forms and activate spores. Filter 50 or 100 mL of sample. Transfer the membrane to a ready prepared dish of Tryptose sulfite. Incubate under anaerobic atmosphere for 24 to 48 hours at 37 C.
FORMULA
In grams per liter of distilled water Tryptone Papaic digest of soybeam meal Yeast extract Sodium metabisulfite Ferric ammonium Citrate Agar Final pH : 7,6 + 0,1 at 25C 15,00 5,00 5,00 1,00 1,00 15,00
RESULTS
Sulfito-reducing colonies are surrounded by a black halo, due to sulfite reduction that creates an iron sulfide precipitate. For confirming Clostridium perfringens presence use usual confirmation tests.

Avoid heating inoculated tubes. The base medium (without cycloserine) prepared in laboratory may be kept for 2 weeks at 4 in compliance C with the V08-019 and V08-056 standards. Either ready to use or prepared in laboratory, the base medium should be regenerated at 100 for 20 minutes C before use.
PREPARATION
Pour 42 grams of powder in 1 litre of distilled water or equivalent. Bring slowly to the boil and stir until powder is completely dissolved. DO NOT OVERHEAT THE MEDIUM. Dispense 20 ml per tube (20 x 200 mm) Autoclave for 15 minutes at 121 C.
PROCEDURE
Food stuff analysis with T.S.C. agar: Liquefy the medium around 45-50C. Reconstitute a tube of D-cyclosrine supplement with 5 ml of distilled water, in order to obtain a 4% solution (1 tube of reconstituted supplement gives 500ml of medium). Add 0,2 ml of 4% D- Cycloserine solution in each tube. It is essential to mix properly the agar and the sterile additive solution.
77
T.S.C and Tryptose sulfite (page 2/2)

Base for Tryptone Sulfite Cycloserine agar In Vitro use To be stored between 18 and 23 C
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. AFNOR T90-415. Essais des eaux - Recherche et dnombrement des spores de bactries anarobies sulfito-rductrices et de Clostridium sulfito-rducteurs. Mthode gnrale par incorporation en glose en tubes profonds. 2. AFNOR T90-417. Essais des eaux - Recherche et dnombrement des spores de bactries anarobies sulfito-rductrices de Clostridium sulfito-rducteurs. Mthode gnrale par filtration sur membrane. 3. NF EN ISO 7937 : Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs Horizontal method for enumaration of Clostridium perfringens Colony-count technique. 4. AFNOR V08-056 : Microbiologie des aliments Dnombrement des Clostridium perfringens 37 C Mthode de routine. 5. AFNOR V08-061 : Microbiologie des aliments Dnombrement en anarobiose des bactries sulfitorductrices par comptage des colonies - Mthode de routine.
PACKAGING
Dehydrated medium AEB152892 : 500 g bottle Ready to use medium (without D-cycloserine) for food stuff analysis AEB122895 : 5 tubes of 20 ml AEB122899 : 100 tubes of 20 ml AEB622896 : Pack of 6 bottles of 100 ml AEB622897 : Pack of 6 flasks of 200 mL AEB622906 : Kit composed of 5 flasks of 100 ml + 1 vial of supplement Ready to use medium (without Cycloserine) for water analysis (Controled by NF T 90-461 standards) AEB122895E: Pack of 5 tubes of 20 mL AEB122899E: Pack of 100 tibes of 20 mL AEB622896E: Pack of 6 flasks of 100 mL Lyophilised D-Cycloserine - 200 mg/tube AEB184002 : q.s.p. 500 ml Made by AES Chemunex - Combourg - France 152892: 21/12/05 - I
78
THIOGLYCOLLATE RESAZURIN
Fluid Thioglycollate medium For In Vitro use To be stored between 18 and 23 C
PRINCIPLE The fluid thioglycollate medium is used for detecting microorganisms in normally sterile materials. It support the growth of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Its prepared according to the formula of NF V 08019 standard, European and US Pharmacopoeia. Sodium thioglycollate and L-cystine lower the oxidation-reduction potential of the medium by removing oxygen and preventing the accumulation of peroxides which can be toxic to some organisms. These compounds also neutralize the antibacterial effect of mercurial preservatives, making thioglycollate resazurin broth useful in testing material which contains heavy metals. FORMULA In grams per liter of purified water Pastone Yeast extract Dextrose Sodium chloride L-Cystine Sodium Thioglycollate Resazurin Agar pH final: 7,0 + 0,2 25C PREPARATION Suspend 14,6 grams of the powder in one liter of purified water. Mix thoroughly and warm gently until dissolution is complete. Dispense and sterilize by autoclaving at 121 for C 15 min. PROCEDURE Homogenize the sample to be analysed or its dilutions in the diluent. REFERENCES 1. United States Pharmacopeia. XXIX edition. Sterility tests. 2. J.O. du 25 Octobre 1978. Essai de strilit. 8233-8237. 3. Brewer J.M. 1940. J.A.M.A. 115:598-600. 15,00 5,00 5,50 2,50 0,50 0,50 0,001 0,75
4. Pittman M. 1946. J. Bacterio. 51:19-32. 5. Pharmacope Europenne. Essai de Strilit. 6. AFNOR V 08-019. Directives gnrales pour le dnombrement de Clostridium perfringens. PACKAGING Dehydrated medium AEB141292 : 500g AEB141292RSTE : 500g* Prepared medium AEB111404: Pack of 100 tubes of 10 ml AEB111403: Pack of 5 tubes of 10ml* AEB111409: Pack of 100 tubes of 20 ml AEB611404 : Pack of 6 flasks of 90 ml* Prepared medium in flask with septum AEB611406M: Pack of 6 flask of 100 ml* AEB611403MAF: Pack of 6 flasks of 50 ml* AEB111410M: Flasks of 750 ml* Ready to use medium doubled sealed AEB611406MDE: Pack of 6 flasks with septum of 100 ml AEB611416MDE: Pack of 6 flasks of 100 ml with 1% Polysorbate 80. Made by : AES Chemunex - Combourg - France 141292 : 23/12/2005 - N
* : Product no
stamped.
79
Detection of Listeria monocytogenes

NF EN ISO 11290-1 February 1997 V08-028-1
Amendment February 2005
Dilution of Xg (or ml) of sample in 9X ml (or g) of Half Fraser broth (AEB610418 - 6 flasks of 225ml AEB910915 - Dilubag of 5 L) Incubation 242 hours at 301C
Subculture 0.1ml of the previous culture in 10ml of Fraser broth (AEB110429- 100 tubes of 10ml) Incubation 48 2 hours at 371C
Isolation of the previous culture on ALOA agar (AEB 520080- 20 plates 90 mm) and onto a second agar and complementary to the first agar for example : Oxford agar (AES522000- 20 plates 90 mm)or Palcam (AEB522050- 20 plates 90 mm) with an inoculating loop. Incubation 24 h3h at 371. Incubation de 24 h 3h if necessary
Isolation of the previous culture on ALOA agar (AEB 520080- 20 plates 90 mm) and onto a second agar and complementary to the first agar for example : Oxford agar (AES522000- 20 plates 90 mm) or Palcam (AEB522050- 20 plates 90 mm) with an inoculating loop. Incubation 24 h3h at 371. Incubation de 24 h 3h if necessary
Subculture 5 presomptive colonies (on ALOA : blue green colonies with an opaque halo) onto a TSYE agar to perform confirmation test (AEB522865 20 plates 90 mm) Incubation 18 24 hours at 35 1C or at 37 1C
80
Subculture 5 presomptive colonies (on ALOA : blue green colonies with an opaque halo) onto a TSYE agar to perform confirmation test (AEB522865 20 plates 90 mm) Incubation 18 24 hours at 35 1C or at 37 1C
Confirmation : 1 Catalase test 2 Gram colouring 3 Motility examination (optional test) 4 Research of haemolysis 5 Carbohydrates use 6 CAMP test
Confirmation : 1 Catalase test 2 Gram colouring 3 Motility examination (optional test) 4 Research of haemolysis 5 Carbohydrates use 6 CAMP test
Results expected : 1 - Catalase : positive reaction (Catalase +) 2 - Gram colouring: small gram positive bacilli -Gentian violet staining (AEB070600- flask of 1 litre) -Lugol (AEB040600 flask of 1 litre) -Gram differentiating reagent (AEB090600- flask of 1 litre) -Fuschine de Ziehl (AEB030600 flask of 1 litre) 3 - Motility : motile bacteria -motility agar or fresh microscopy observation (in TSYE broth) 4 - Haemolysis : positive Haemolysis (Haemolysis+) -sheep blood agar : (AEB152452 blood agar base 500 g) (AEB200025 Defibrinated sheep blood 25 ml) 5 - Carbohydrates use : Rhamnose +, Xylose 6 - Camp test : S. aureus +, R. equi -
81
Enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes

NF EN ISO 11290-2 August 1998 V08-028-2
Amendment February 2005
Dilution (of your choice) of the sample in Buffered Peptone Water* (AEB910303 Dilubag de 3 L AEB910305 - Dilubag de 5 L) Reviving 1 hour at 20C
* : or in Fraser medium without anitibiotics
Spread 0,1 ml on 2 plates of ALOA agar 90 mm first dried with an incubator or for more precision 1 ml on 2 plates 140 mm (option : you can spread on 6 plates 90 mm) Incubation 24 3 hours at 37C
Enumerate the typical colonies (if present) (Blue green with an opaque halo)
In case of low growth or if no typical is observed. Continue the incubation 24 3 hours at 37C
Presence of typical colonies ? (Blue green with an opaque halo) Result :
If yes, carry out a confirmation test
If no typical colony has been enumerated or confirmed in 48h: give Less of (1 / dxV) Listeria monocytognes per gramme of product Otherwise : The number of Listeria monocytogenes to take into account for the enumeration is equal to the colonies pointed after 24 hours of incubation on ALOA agar (or after 48 hours of incubation according to the growth intensity) and whose membership to the Listeria monocytogenes species has been confirmed.
82
ALOA (Agar Listeria selon Ottaviani & Agosti) page1/2

A selective medium for the isolation of Listeria monocytogenes In Vitro use diagnostic only Store between 2 and 8 C
ALOA ONE DAY AFNOR VALIDATION N AES 10/3-09/00 for food and animal feeding stuffs and environmental samples.
PRINCIPLE
ALOA is a medium used for the screening of L .monocytogenes in foodstuffs samples (AFNOR validated method see enclosed protocol). This medium is also used to carry out screening and enumeration of L.monocytogenes & L.spp in foodstuffs and any kind of samples. On this medium Listeria grow as blue-green regular round colonies (detection of glucosidase by using a specific chromogenic substrat). Listeria monocytogenes also shows an opaque halo this helps to easily differentiate them from other species of Listeria. The halo is due to the activity of a phospholipase involved in the infection process of pathogenic Listeria. The selectivity in obtained the combination of lithium chloride, anti microbial and antifungical components.
RESULTS
Note colonies characteristics : Listeria spp.: blue to blue-green colonies, round, regular, without any opaque halo, diameter from 1 to 2 mm. Listeria monocytogenes: colonies with Listeria spp. characteristics and surrounded by an opaque halo. Listeria monocytogenes strains grow as typical colonies in 24 hours. Within the framework of the AFNOR validation (ALOA ONE DAY Method), all positive results have to be confirmed by one of the following methods : 1 By traditional tests described in the standardized methods ISO, CEN or AFNOR on colonies isolated from ALOA plates. An initial purification of isolated colonies is necessary. 2 By any other AFNOR validated method from which the principle is different from ALOA ONE DAY Method. The full procedure of this second validated method will have to be followed. If this method has common steps with ALOA ONE DAY Method, start the procedure at the last common step to both methods. (for example, Half Fraser Broth). Conservation of incubated Half Fraser broth cannot exceed 48 hours. In the event of unmatched results (positive result with ALOA ONE DAY Method not confirmed by the selected confirmation method), the laboratory must carry out sufficient means to be ensured of the validity of the result.
FORMULA (IN G/L OF MEDIUM)

Animal tissu enzyme digest Caseine enzyme digest Yeast extract Sodium pyruvate Glucose Magnesium glycerophospahte Magnesium Sulphate Sodium chloride Lithium chloride Disodium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous X-glucoside Nalidixic acid Ceftazidime Polymyxin B Amphotericin B Phosphatidylinostol Agar Final pH 7,2 +/- 0,2 at 25 C 18 g 6g 10 g 2g 2g 1g 0,5 g 5g 10 g 2,5 g 0,05 g 0,02 g 0,02 g 76700 U 0,01 g 2g 13,5 g
PROCEDURES LIMITATIONS
When in presence of plates highly contaminated, the reading can be helped by comparing the opacity of the Agar between the centre and the sides of the dish (confer to the protocol) or by comparing to a none inoculated ALOA plate. L.monocytogenes presence, even in great numbers, is characterised by an intense opacification of the medium. This allows to easily differentiate plates where L.monocytogenes are present (opaque medium) from those where they are absent (clear medium). When in doub, subculture on to a second ALOA plate. After 24 hours of incubation, some strains Listeria ivanovii can show a fine light halo. After 48 hours of incubation, Listeria ivanovii can show the same characteristics as Listeria monocytogenes. Under the two circumstances, carrying out confirmation tests allows to differentiate the two species without hesitation.
PROCEDURE
Detection and enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes according to standard method : Refer to standards ISO 11290-1 & -2 amendment 1 (2004). Detection of Listeria monocytogenes according to ALOA ONE DAY method ( AFNOR validated) : Inoculate the plates directly from the sample or from an appropriate enrichment culture medium (to perform the isolation, see the enclosed procedure AFNOR validated ALOA ONE DAY method). Incubate at 37 and read plates after 24 and 48 hours. C
83
ALOA (Agar Listeria selon Ottaviani & Agosti) page2/2

A selective medium for the isolation of Listeria monocytogenes In Vitro use diagnostic only Store between 2 and 8 C
ALOA ONE DAY AFNOR VALIDATION N AES 10/3-09/00 for food and animal feeding stuffs and environmental samples.
ALOA plates can be placed in the refrigerator after incubation. The halo and the colour of the colonies will not be altered at those low temperatures. Some strains of B.cereus can grow as flat, rough colonies with irregular outline none homogeneous colour and a very intense halo.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Ottaviani, F., Ottaviani, M., Agosti, M. (1997) Differential agar Medium for Listeria monocytogenes. In "Quimper froid. Symposium proceedings" P6 A.D.R.I.A. Quimper (F) 16-18 June, 1997. 2. Ottaviani, F., Ottaviani, M., Agosti, M. (1997) Esperienza su un agar selettivo e differenziale per Listeria monocytogenes. Industrie Alimentari 3. Vlaemynck, G., Lafarge, V., Scotter, S. (2000) Improvement of the detection of Listeria monocytogenes by the application of ALOA, a diagnostic, chromogenic isolation medium. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 88 : 430-441. 4. Artault, S., Bind, J.L., Delaval, Y., Gaillard, N. Validation AFNOR de la mthode ALOA pour la dtection de Listeria monocytogenes dans les produits alimentaires. Colloque Socit Franaise de Microbiologie, 19-20 octobre 2000. 5. ISO 11290 partie 1 et 2 Amendement 1 (2004) : Microbiologie des aliments Mthode horizontale pour la recherche et le dnombrement de Listeria monocytogenes. Ready to use medium : AEB520080 : Pack of 20 plates 90 mm AEB520079 : Pack of 120 plates 90 mm AEB120082 : pack of 10 plates 140 mm Dehydrated medium + supplements : Please contact us. Made by AES Laboratoire Combourg France 520080: 08/03/05 - Q
PACKAGING
84
Listeria monocytogenes detection in food samples Method

Protocol (AFNOR validated n10/3-09/00)
Enrichment 25 g sample + 225 ml Fraser
Incubate at 301 for 242 hours C
Inoculation
Spread 0,1 ml on ALOA Incubate at 371 for 24 to 48 hours C
Advice : A 0,1 ml inoculum spread on the plate with a 0,5 com uninoculated edge is the ideal method
Results
Absence of typical colonies Absence of Listeria monocytogenes
Typical colonies Presence* of Listeria monocytogenes
Confirmation Biochemical Listeria identification
* In compliance with AFNOR Certification, any positive result obtained with an alternative method must be confirmed.
85
OXFORD
Isolation of Listeria monocytogenes For in vitro diagnosis To be stored between 2 and 8 C
DESCRIPTION
The OXFORD medium, which is based on Curtis's formulation, is recommanded for the isolation of Listeria monocytogenes in biological samples and foods. It contains a nutritif base and inhibitors : lithium chloride inhibits Enterococcus growth, acriflavin inhibits Gram species and most of the Gram + species. Colistin sulfate, cycloheximide, cefotetan and fosfomycin improve the selectivity of the medium. Esculin acts as a differential indicator, esculine is hydrolysed in esculetine by Listeria. The combination between esculetine and ammonium ferric citrate produces black halos around the colonies.

THE GROWTH OF MOST OF THE GRAM + STRAINS IS INHIBED, NEVERTHELESS, A FEW ENTEROCOCCUS STRAINS ARE PARTIALLY INHIBED AND GIVE COLONIES WITH SLIGHT HALO AFTER A 40 HOURS INCUBATION. Some of Staphylococcus strains growth without halo.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Curtis G.D.W., Mitchell M.G., King A.F. and Griffin E.J. 1988. Personnal Communication. John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, U.K. Dehydrated medium AEB151992N: 500g AEB151993N 5 Kg Prepoured medium AEB522000: pack of 20 dishes 90mm AEB521999: pack of 120 dishes 90mm AEB122002: Pack of 10 dishes 140 mm Made by: AES Laboratoire Combourg France 151992N: 20/02/02 - G
FORMULA
In grammes per liter of distilled water: Peptones Starch Sodium chloride Esculin Ammonium ferric citrate Lithium chloride Agar Cycloheximide Colistin sulphate Cefotetan Fosfomycin Acriflavin pH: 7,0 +/- 0,2 at 25 C 23,00 1,00 5,00 1,00 0,50 15,00 12,00 400,00 mg 20,00 mg 2,00 mg 10,00 mg 5,00 mg
PACKAGING
PROCEDURE
Inoculate the plates directly from the sample or from an appropriate enrichment culture medium. Incubate at 37 for 24 to 48 hours. C
RESULTS
Listeria produces grey or greenish-grey colonies with brownish-black halo. Definitive identification tests must be conducted on suspect colonies.
86
PALCAM
Listeria monocytogenes selective medium In Vitro use only
PRINCIPLE
PALCAM medium is appropriate for the detection and enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes in foodstuffs and all sorts of samples even in high levels of contamination. To the nutrient base are added selective agents to inhibit the growth of interfering flora. Lithium chloride: Enterococci. Acriflavin: most Gram- and unwanted Gram +. Listeria spp. (except L. grayiandt murrayi) grow as : Colonies surrounded by an olive-green to black halo due to the hydrolysis of esculin into dihydroxycoumarin that reacts with the iron. The medium can change of colour to brown when high concentration s of Listeria growth on the plate. Mannitol strains of Staphylococci and enterococci that manage to grow on this hostile medium grow as yellow colonies.
Note the characteristics of the colonies: Listeria monocytogenes: greenish colonies, of 1,5-2 mm, surrounded by a black halo. Enterococi : small white to grey colonies, diameter < 1 mm surrounded by a green halo. Staphylococci : white or yellow colonies, diameter : 1,53 mm, surrounded by a white halo. Identification of Listeria monocytogenes typical colonies will be carried out according to ISO standard specifications.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Van Netten P., Van De Ven A., Perales I. and Mossel D.A.A. 1988. A selective and diagnostic for use in the enumeration of Listeria spp. in foods. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 6:187-198. Van Netten P., Perales I. and Mossel D.AA. 1988. An improved selective and diagnosic medium for isolatin and counting of Listeria spp. in heavily contaminated foods. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 7:17-21. Van Netten P.,, Perales I., Van De Moosdijk A., Curts G.D. W. and Mossel D.A.A. 1989. Liquid and solid selective differential media for the detection and enumeration of L. monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. Int. J. Food microbiol. 8:299-316. Norme NF V08-055. Dcembre 1993. Microbiologie alimentaire. Recherche de L. monocytogenes. Mthode de routine.
2.
FORMULA
In grammes per litre of purified water
Peptones Corn starch Yeast extract Sodium chloride D- Glucose Mannitol Esculin Ferric ammonium citrate Lithium chloride Phenol red Agar 23,00 1,00 3,00 5,00 0,50 10,00 0,80 0,50 15,00 0,08 15,00
3.
4.
PACKAGING
Dehydrated medium Store between 18 & 23 C AEB152042 : 500 grs Selective supplement Store between 2 & 8 C AEB184042: 500ml lyophilised vial Ready to use plates Store between 2 & 8 in the dark C AEB522050: Pack of 20 plates 90mm AEB522049: pack of 120 plates 90mm AEB122052: pack of 10 plates 140mm Made by: AES Laboratoire Combourg France 152042: 15/10/03-I
Selective supplement (for 5 ml of purified water) Acriflavin HCl 2,5 mg Ceftazidim 10,0 mg Polymyxin B Sulfate 5,0 mg
Final pH : 7,2 25 C
METHOD
Suspend 73,9 grammes of powder in one litre of purified water. Bring to the boil under constant homogenisation until completely dissolved. Autoclave 15 min at 121 C
PROCEDURE
Liquefy the medium then cool to 45-50 Add per 500 ml C. of medium base, one vial of regenerated selective supplement. Homogenise well then pour into Petri plates. Prepared plates can be kept up to 30 days when stored in the dark at +4 C.
RESULTS
Inoculate directly the plates with the sample or with the appropriate enrichment culture. Incubate at 37 for 24 to 48 hours. C AES Laboratoire PALCAM as been optimised to enhance the growth of L. monocytogenes.
87
COLUMBIA 3
Columbia 3 Agar base In Vitro use only
PRINCIPLE
Columbia 3 agar is a riche peptone media used for the growth of fastidious microorganisms with or without the addition of blood, for example Streptococcus or Pneumococcus. Columbia 3 agar has a similar formula to the previous one, but a more accurate chose of peptone helps to improve the haemolyse reading.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Elek S.D. 1949. The plate virulence test for diphteria. J. Clin. Pathol. 3:250-258. 2. Hermann G.L., Moore M.S. and Parsons E.J. 1958. A substitute for serum in the diphteria in vitro toxigenicity test. Amer. J. Clin. Pathol. 29:181-182. 3. Ellner P.D., Stoessel C.I., Drakeford E. and Vasi F. 1966. A new culture medium for medical bacteriology. Amer. J. Clin. Pathol. 45:502-504. 4. Goldberg R.L. and Washington J.A. 1976. Comparison of isolation of Haemophilus vaginalis (Corynebacterium vaginale) from Peptone-StarchDextrose Agar and Columbia Colistin-Nalidixic Acid Agar. J. Clin. Microbiol. 4:245-247.
FORMULA
In grammes per litre of distilled water Special mix of peptone 23,00 Strach 1,00 Sodium Chloride 5,00 Agar 13,00 Final pH : 7,3 + 0,2 at 25 C
PACKAGING
METHOD
Suspend 42,0 grammes of powder in 1 litre of purified water. Heat with frequent agitation up to boiling point to completely dissolve the agar. Dispense and sterilize by autoclaving at 121 for C 15 minutes.
Dehydrated medium To be stored between 18 et 23 C AEB151002N : 500 g Flask * Ready to use medium base To be stored between 18 and 23 C AEB620657 : Pack of 6 flasks of 200 ml Ready poured medium with Sheeps blood To be stored between 2 and 8 C AEB520680 : Pack of 20 dishes 90 mm Dehydrated medium + CNA To be stored between 18 and 23 C AEB150662 : 500g Flask* Ready to use medium base with CNA To be stored between 18 and 23 C AEB620666 : Pack of 6 flasks of 100 ml Ready poured medium with Sheeps blood and CNA To be stored between 2 and 8 C AEB520690 : Pack of 20 dishes 90 mm AEB125970 : 10 half dishes (Drigalsky/Columb. CNA SB) Made by AES Laboratoire - Combourg France Ractif enregistr l'Agence du Mdicament 151002N: 30/05/05 -E
PROCEDURE
Columbia 3 agar can be used to grow Enterobacteriaceae Brucella abortus, Yersinia pestis and Clostridium perfringens, with out having to undergo an enrichment step. By adding 5% of serum and antitoxin, Columbia 3 agar can be used in the identification of diphtheria bacilli when using a immuno-precipitation method such as Elek test. The reading of the precipitation lines take place after a 48 hours incubation. In order to prepare fresh blood agar, add aseptically 5% of defibrinated blood (horse or sheep) and eventually CNA supplement to liquefied Columbia 3 base that was cooled to 42 + 1 Mix well and dispense into sterile C C. Petri dishes. The addition of Colistin sulfate and Nalidixic Acid (CAN) contribute to inhibit the growth of gram negative bacilli and a majority of Bacillus. To prepare chocolate agar or Cooked blood agar , add 10% of defibrinated sterile horse blood to liquefied Columbia 3 at 42 C + 1 Under frequent agitation C. raise the temperature 80 and cook until the medium C takes a chocolate colour, then dispense in sterile dishes.
* : Product not
stamped.
RESULTS
Fresh blood agar is recommended for the growth of Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Listeria and Erysipelothrix. Chocolate agar is used to grow Haemophilus and Neisseria.
88
BLOOD AGAR (BASE)

Base for Blood Agar In Vitro use only To be stored between 18 and 23 C
PRINCIPLE The medium favours the growth of fastidious germs such Streptococci, pneumococci and Haemophilus. The pigment production of germs is facilitated. FORMULA In grammes per litre of purified water Proteose peptone Liver digestion Yeast extract Sodium chloride Agar 15,00 2,50 5,00 5,00 13,00
BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Waterworth P.M. 1955. Brit. J. Exp. Path. 36(2):186-194. PACKAGING Dehydrated base AEB152452 : 500 g Made by : AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France 152452 : 31/05/05 - D
Final pH : 7,4 + 0,2 at 25C PREPARATION Suspend 40,5 grammes of powder in one litre of purified water. Bring slowly to the boil under constant homogenisation. Dispatch in appropriate containers. Autoclave 15 minutes at 121C. PROCEDURE Fresh blood Agar Add to the liquefied cooled to 42+/-1 Agar base C 5 % of fresh blood homogenise well the pour into sterile Petri plates. After inoculation incubate the plates at 37 for 18 to 24 hors. C Note: when screening for Haemophilus it is wise to star the isolation with and Horse blood Agar plate. Cooker blood Agar To prepare chocolate agar or Cooked blood agar , add 10% of defibrinated sterile Horse blood to liquefied Columbia 3 at 42 C + 1 C. Under frequent agitation raise the temperature 80 and cook until the medium takes a chocolate C colour, then dispense in sterile dishes. Mycoplasme : Blood Agar base can be added before sterilisation with 5 grammes of dextrose, 0.125 grammes of thallium acetate. And after sterilisation with (medium cooled to 45 100.000 IU of penicillin C) and 200 ml of sterile horse serum.
89
T.S.Y.E
Listeria monocytogenes isolation medium In Vitro use only To be stored between 18 and 23 C
DESCRIPTION T.S.Y.E. agar is made by adding yeast extract and agar to trypticase soy broth. Its formula is conform to the one described in the standards AFNOR NF V 08-055 and ISO 11290. FORMULA In grammes per liter of purified water Tryptone Soytone Sodium chloride Dipotassium Phosphate Dextrose Yeast extract Agar final pH : 7,3 + 0,2 at 25C PROCEDURE Subculture well-isolated-suspect colonies provided from a Listeria selective agar. Incubate at 30 or 37 for18 to 24 hours. C RESULTS Listeria colonies are see-through, without pigment, diameter of about 1mm. Under Henry lighting, colonies take on a bluish shade of colour and show a granular surface. To confirm Listeria monocytogenes specie, follow by a Gram coloration, a catalase enzyme characterisation, a subculture on a blood agar and the study of the xylose and rhamnose fermentation. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Norme NF V08-055. Dcembre 1993. Microbiologie alimentaire. Recherche de L. monocytogenes. Mthode de routine. 2. Norme ISO 11290. Microbiologie des aliments. Mthode horizontale pour la recherche et le dnombrement de Listeria monocytogenes. 17,0 3,0 5,0 2,5 2,5 6,00 15,00
PACKAGING Pre-poured dishes AEB522865 : Pack of 20 dishes (90 mm) AEB522864 : Pack of 120 dishes (90 mm) Made by AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France 122865 : 17/01/03-C
90
Enumeration of Bacillus Cereus by colony-count technique at 30C PR NF EN ISO 7932 - 2003
Decimal dilution of a sample in Peptone water (AEB111499 - pack of 100 tubes of 9 ml)
Inoculation by spreading on surface a Mossel agar (AEB521750 - plates 90 mm) with 0,1 ml of each dilution (2 plates per dilution)
Incubation 18 - 48 hours at 30+/-1C
Enumeration of the suspected colonies on the plates containing less than 150 colonies and expression of the results according to the dilutions, then selection of 5 suspected colonies
Confirmation Agar with glucose: glucose + Motility nitrate medium: nitrate reductase + VP test: VP+
91
MOSSEL
Bacillus cereus Agar according to Mossel specifications In Vitro use only
PRINCIPLE
Bacillus cereus Agar is used for the detection and enumeration of spores and vegetative cells of Bacillus cereus in foodstuff. A presumptuous identification is carried out through the screening of typical colonies after incubation. * B. cereus does not ferment mannitol. This characteristic helps to differentiate B. cereus from contaminating microorganisms which ferment mannitol, causing phenol red to turn yellow. * B. cereus synthesize lecithinase, its action on the egg yolk lecithin produces insoluble breakdowns that accumulate around the colonies, forming a whitish precipitation. Finally, Polymyxin B can be added to inhibit accompanying microflora when the tested sample is heavily contaminated.
RESULTS
Bacillus cereus colonies are large flat, rough irregular and pink (Mannitol -) surrounded by an opaque halo due to the presence of the lecithinase. These colonies are also enclin to be intrusive, irrgulires, rugueuses et ont tendance l'envahissement.

Other microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens and Proteus vulgaris are known to use the egg yolk. Continue identification by looking at the bacterim morphology, testing dextrose fermentation, nitrate reduction and the production of acetylmethylcarbinol (VP).
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Donovan K.O. 1958. A selective medium for Bacillus cereus in milk. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 21:100-103. 2. Mossel D.A.A., Koopman M.J. and Jongerius E. 1967. Enumeration of Bacillus cereus in foods. Appl. Microbiol. 15:650-653. 3. AFNOR V08-023 ISO 7932 Octobre 1993. Microbiologie-Directives gnrales pour le dnombrement de Bacillus cereus. Mthode par comptage des colonies 30C. 4. AFNOR V08-058. 1995. Microbiologie des aliments. Mthode de routine. Dnombrement de Bacillus cereus par comptage des colonies 30C.
FORMULA
Bacillus cereus agar base In grammes per litre of purified water Peptone Beef extract Sodium chloride Mannitol Phenol red Agar 10,00 1,00 10,00 10,00 0,025 15,00
Final pH : 7,2 + 0,2 at 25C 50% egg yolk solution Sterile egg yolk diluted at 50% with physiological water (9g/L). Polymixine B sulfate 50.000 UI/qsp 500 ml
PACAKGING
Deshydrated medium To be stored between 18 and 23C AEB151732 : 500 g 50% egg yolk solution ready to use To be stored between 2 and 8C AEB180103 : 5 ml tube AEB180104 : 25 ml flask AEB180102 : 50 ml flask AEB180106 : 100 ml flask Polymyxin B sulfate supplement To be stored between 2 and 8C AEB184001 : q.s.p. 500 ml Ready to use medium base without supplements To be stored between 18 and 23C AEB621736 : 6 Flasks of 100 ml Ready poured medium To be stored between 2 and 8C AEB521740 : Pack of 20 dishes 90 mm AEB121739 : Pack of 10 dishes 140 mm Made by : AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France 151732 : 28/12/00-F
METHOD
Suspend 46,0 g of powder in 950 ml of purified water. Heat slowly up to boiling point until completely dissolved under constant agitation. Dispense in flasks and autoclave 15 minutes at 121 C.
PROCEDURE
Liquefy the medium then cool to 47-50 As to prepare C. 1 litre of medium add 50 ml of the 50 % egg yolk solution, and if necessary 2 doses of Polymyxin B (50 000 UI/ml) previously hydrated with 5 ml of purified water. It is important to homogenize well before dispensing in dishes. Spread 0,1 ml of the prepared sample or its decimal dilutions at the surface of a prepared dish. Incubate at 30C for 48 hours with a daily observation.
92
Horizontal method for the detection of thermotolerant Campylobacter NF EN ISO 10272 (V08-26) - June 1996
J0: Enrichment Sample preparation of X gramme of product in 9x ml of Preston broth Preston broth (500 ml) = 12,5 grammes of nutrient broth at 2,5% (AEB140852) + 25 ml of defibrinated horse blood (AEB300025) + 1 supplement of Preston (AEB184017) Incubate 18 hours at 42C in microaerophilic atmosphere (Campypack H2CO2 - BBL71034 - 10 envelopes without catalyst)
J0: Isolation Inoculate by isolation a Karmali agar plate and at the same time another selective medium, like the Preston agar (see the technical date sheet of the Preston supplement) Incubate 18 hours at 42C in microaerophilic atmosphere (Campypouch System - BBL60656 - 25 pouches)
J+2: Confirmation Select 5 typical colonies on the two incubated plates From each colony, carry out: - a Gram colouring - an inoculation of one tube of 1 ml of Brucella broth (AEB140072 - 500g) From the Brucella broths, carry out fresh microscopy observation Retain the curved negative bacilli spiral motility From each tube of selected Brucella broth, carry out an inoculation of Blood Columbia agar (AEB520679 - 120 plates 90 mm) Incubate 24 hours at 42C in microaerophilic atmosphere
93
J+3 - J+8: Confirmation
From the colonies isolated on Blood Columbia agar, carry out: - an oxidase detection (Oxidase test MGNMID61G) - the inoculation of a TSI (Triple Sugar Iron) agar - 100 tubes in slopes Incubate 1 - 5 days at 42C in microaerophilic atmosphere
Interpretation of the results
The thermotolerant Campylobacter give the following results: Oxidase + Glucose Lactose Saccharose Gas You can conclude that there is a presence of Campylobacter if at least one colony presents these features.
94
CAMPYLOBACTER according to KARMALI

Selective medium for Campylobacter according to Karmali In Vitro use only Store between 2 and 8 C
PRINCIPLE
Karmali plates are used for the selective isolation of Campylobacter. Toxique metabolites are neutralised by the addition of activated charcoal or haematin. This allows not to use fresh blood traditionally used. As to improve the Campylobacter tolerance to oxygen the following substances have been added: ferrous salts, sodium metabisulfite and pyruvate. Cefoperazone is added as to prevent the growth of Gram negative strains, Vancomycine for Gram positive strains and Cycloheximide for yeasts. This selectivity does not implies on the growth of Campylobacter coli sensitive to antibiotics.
FORMULA
In grammes per liter of purified water Special mix of peptone Sodium chloride Corn starch Activated charcoal Haematin Sodium pyruvate Cycloheximide Tris Buffer Agar Final pH : 7,4 + 0,2 at 25C Selective supplement CV for Campylobacter (for 500 ml of medium base) 23,00 5,00 1,00 4,00 0,032 0,10 0,10 1,00 14,00
BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Bolton F.J. and Coates D. 1983. Development of a blood-free Campylobacter medium : screening tests on basal media and supplements, and the ability of selected supplements to facilitate aerotolerance. J. Appl. Bacteriol., 54:115-125. 2. Bolton F.J., Coates D. and Hutchinson D.N. 1984. The ability of Campylobacter media supplements to neutralize photochemically induced toxicity and hydrogen peroxide. J. Appl. Bacteriol., 56:151-157. 3. Karmali M.A., Siumor A.E., Roscoe M., Fleming P.C., Smith S.S. and Lane J. 1986. Evaluation of a Blood-Free, Charcoal-Based, Selective Medium for the isolation of Campylobacter Organisms from Feces. J. of Clinical Microbiology, 23:456-459. 4. Pener J.L. 1988. The Genus Campylobacter : a Decade of Progress. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 1:157172. PACKAGING Ready to use plates AEB120380 : Pack of 10 plates 90 mm
Made by AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France 140412 :07/12/03-F
Cefoperazon Vancomycin
0,016 0,010
PROCEDURE
Isolate the sample (stools, pre-enrichment broth, dilution) directly onto the surface of the plate. Incubate the plate under microaerophilic atmosphere.
RESULTS
This medium is used to isolate Campylobacter. Colonies characteristics: not rough, greyish colour, translucent, round with clear edges or colonies that smear following the isolation streaks. Observation of the germs through a microscope help to orientate the diagnose since Campylobacter are small curved bacilli can also look like pig tales with a darting motility.
95
BRUCELLA
Brucella Broth In Vitro use only To be stored between 18 and 23 C
PRINCIPLE Brucella broth is used for the culture of fastidious germs such as Brucella. The addition of 10% of fresh Sheep blood enhances the growth of fastidious germs. Campylobacter fetus ssp. jejuni can be transported in this medium at 25 for more C than 3 weeks. FORMULA In grammes per litre of purified water
Pancreatic digest of casein (tryptone) Peptic digest of animal tissues Dextrose Yeast extract Sodium chloride Sodium bisulfite 10,00 10,00 1,00 2,00 5,00
PACKAGING Dehydrated medium AEB140072 : 500 g Made by : AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France 140072 : 31/05/05 - E
0,10
Final pH : 7,0 + 0,2 at 25C METHOD Suspend 28,1 grammes of powder in one litre of purified water, homogenise well until completely dissolved. Dispatch in appropriate containers then autoclave at 121 for 15 minutes. C PROCEDURE Inoculate tubes or flasks with sample then incubate them at 37 for 7 days under aerobic atmosphere C or enriched with CO2 gas. RESULTS Tubes or flasks showing sign of growth will be subcultured on appropriate solid media. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Wang W.L.L., Leuchtefeld N.W., Reller L.B. and Blaser M.J. 1980. J. Clin. Microbiol. 12:479-480.
96
PRESTON
Preston selective supplement In Vitro use only To be stored between 18 and 23 C
PRINCIPLE
Preston selective supplement formula is based on the one described by Bolton et Robertson. It is used to make Preston agar, specially elaborated medium for direct screening (without primary enrichment) of Campylobacter from various origin of sampling (human, animal, avian or environment). It is also used to prepare Preston broth know to be strongly recommended for selective enrichment of samples suspected to be highly contaminated by interfering flora and/or knowingly to have few viable targeted bacteria (Campylobacter). This broth is also added with F.B.P. growth supplement (i.e.: sulphate Ferrous, sodium mtaBisulphite, sodium Pyruvate) this allows to incubate under aerobe atmosphere. As to keep a microaerobe atmosphere the remaining space left in the tube must be as minimum as possible. Preston broth can be kept 7 days at a temperature between 2 and 8C.
PROCEDURE
Using an enrichment step : Emulsify the sample in Preston broth. Incubate at 42C for 24 hours in aerobe atmosphere. Subculture the enriched specimen on an adequate selective solid medium (for example Preston agar). Direct screening : Emulsify the sample in a sterile saline solution. Inoculate the prepared specimen directly onto the surface of a Preston agar solid medium as to have isolated colonies after growth. Incubate at 42C for 24 to 48 hours (according to the presumed contamination) under a special atmosphere containing 5-6% of oxygen, 10 % of carbon dioxide and 84-85 % of nitrogen.
FORMULA
For 2 ml of acetone 50% (in purified water) Actidione Polymyxin B Rifampicin Trimethoprim 50,00 mg 2500 UI 5,00 mg 5,00 mg
RESULTS
Look for typical colonies and undergo Campylobacter authentication tests.
PREPARATION
PRESTON AGAR (DIRECT SCREENING) Suspend 12,5 g of 2,5% nutritive broth and 5 to 7,5 g of agar (depending on the strength of the agar) in 475 ml of purified water. Heat to boiling to dissolve. Autoclave 15 minutes at 121C. Cool to reach 42 + 1C and add 25 ml of sterile haemolysed horse blood cells, and one vial of Preston selective supplement prepared with 2 ml of sterile acetone 50% (in purified water). Mix carefully. Dispense in dishes. All these procedures have to be done under aseptic environment. PRESTON BROTH (SELECTIVE ENRICHIMENT) Suspend 12,5 g of 2,5% nutritive broth in 475 ml of purified water. Heat to boiling to dissolve. Autoclave 15 minutes at 121C. Cool to reach 42 + 1C and add 25 ml of sterile haemolysed horse blood cells, one vial of Preston selective supplement prepared with 2 ml of sterile acetone 50% (in purified water), and one vial of growth supplement F.B.P., prepared with 5 ml sterile purified water. Mix carefully. Dispense 5 ml in sterile tubes with closures. All these procedures have to be done under aseptic environment.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Smibert R.M. 1978. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 32:673-709. 2. George H.A., Hoffman P.S., Smibert R.M. and Kreig N.R. 1978. Improved media for growth and aerotolerance of Campylobacter fetus. J. Clin. Microbiol. 8:36-41. 3. George H.A., Hoffmann P.S., Kreig N.R. and Smibert R.M. 1979. Studies on the microaerophilic nature of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni. II. Role of exogenus superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide. Can. J. Microbiol. 25:8-16. 4. Bolton F.J. and Robertson L. 1982. A selective medium for isolation Campylobacter jejuni/coli. J. Clin. Pathol. 35:462-467. 5. Bolton F.J., Coates D., Hinchliffe P.M. and Robertson L. 1983. Comparison of selective media for isolation of Campylobacter jejuni/coli. J. Clin. Pathol. 36:78-83.
PACKAGING
Preston supplement AEB184017 : Lyophilised, vial to make 500 ml of medium 2,5% nutritive broth dehydrated AEB140852 : 500 g F.B.P. growth Supplement AEB184021 : Lyophilised, vial to make 500ml of medium Made by AES Laboratoire - Combourg France 184017:22/09/93-A
97
Lactic flora enumeration

NF ISO 15214 standard September 1998
Decimal dilution of the sample in Peptone salt broth (AEB111499 - pack of 100 tubes of 9 ml)
Inoculation by incorporation on MRS pH 5,7 agar (AEB621756V - 6 flasks of 100 ml) with 1 ml of each dilution Incubation 72+/- 3 hours at 30 +/- 1c
Enumeration of the colonies and expression of the results according to the dilutions
98
M.R.S
Man, Rogosa and Sharpe agar In Vitro use only To be stored between 18 and 23 C
PRINCIPLE Man, Rogosa et Sharpe agar (M.R.S.) is recommended for isolation and enumeration of Lactobacillus species in milk, milk products and any foodstuff. Its formula is conform to the one described in the NF V 04-503 standard. MRS agar contains peptone and dextrose that supply nitrogen, carbon and other elements necessary for growth. Polysorbate 80, acetate, magnesium and manganese provide growth factors for cultivating varieties of lactobacilli. Incubating the sample under an enriched carbon dioxide atmosphere will encouraged the Lactobacillus growth. Organisms other than lactobacilli such as Pediococcus and Leuconostoc may grow on this medium, therefore isolates must be conformed as lactobacilli by appropriate biochemical testing. FORMULA In grammes per liter of purified water.
Proteose petone Yeast extract Dextrose Potassium phosphate, dibasic Beef extract Sodium acetate Ammonium citrate Magnesium sulfate Manganese sulfate Polysorbate 80 Agar 10,00 5,00 20,00 2,00 10,00 5,00 2,00 0,20 0,05 1,00 15,00
BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. De Man J.C., Rogosa M. and Sharpe M.E. 1960. An improved medium for the cultivation of Lactobacilli. J. Appl. Bact. 23:130-135. 2. Briggs M. 1953. An improved medium for Lactobacilli. J. Dairy Res. 20:36-40. 3. Sharpe M.E., Freyer T.F. and Smith D.G. 1966. Identification of the lactic-acid Bacteria. In : Identification Methods for Microbiologists. Part A. (Gibbs B.M. and Skinner F.A. Ed. London and New York, Academic Press. Pages 65-79. 4. Cox G.P. and Briggs. 1954. Experiments on growth media for Lactobacilli. J. Appl. Bact. 17:18. 5. AFNOR V 04-503. Viandes et produits base de viande. Dnombrement des bactries lactiques. 6. ISO 15214 Dnombrement des bactries lactiques msophiles. PACKAGING Dehydrated medium AEB151752 : 500 g MRS agar (acid) pH 5,4 AEB621756A : Pack of 6 flasks of 100 ml AEB621757A : Pack of 6 flasks of 200 ml MRS agar pH 5,7 AEB621756V : Pack of 6 flasks of 100 ml MRS agar (neutral) pH 6,4 AEB121758N : Pack of 100 tubes of 20 ml AEB621756N : Pack of 6 flasks of 100 ml AEB621757N : Pack of 6 flasks of 200 ml AEB521760 : Pack of 120 dishes ( 90 mm) Made by AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France 151752:15/03/02 I
METHOD OF PREPARATION Suspend 70,0 grammes in 1 liter of purified water. Heat to boiling to dissolve completely. Adjust the final pH according to the specimen tested or the flora screened. Autoclave 15 minutes at 121 C. PROCEDURE Inoculate 1 ml of the specimen or its decimal dilutions in a sterile dish. Then poor 15 ml of the liquefied medium (45-47 homogenise well. C), Let the medium set then put the prepared dishes under anaerobic atmosphere. Incubate at 37 for 2 to 3 days or at 30 for at C C least 5 days. LIMITATIONS OF THE PROCEDURE When Lactobacillus are associated with other interfering flora, it is best to use a more selective medium such Rogosa agar.
99
Alphabetical Index
1. Diluents Buffered Peptone Water .............................................................................. p.10 Cryo beads .................................................................................................. p.18 D-cycloserine ............................................................................................... p.17 Fraser broth ................................................................................................. p.13 Half Fraser broth.......................................................................................... p.12 Kovacs ......................................................................................................... p.16 Mucap test (adapted protocol for SMS method) .......................................... p.14 Oxidase test................................................................................................. p.15 Peptone salt (Maximum recovery diluent).................................................... p.11 RPF AFNOR ................................................................................................ p.20 Sterile defibrinated blood ............................................................................. p.19
2. Analysis
ALOA .......................................................................................................... p.83 ASAP .......................................................................................................... p.39 Baird Parker................................................................................................. p.67 Baird Parker + RPF...................................................................................... p.69 BHI (Brain Heart Infusion)............................................................................ p.70 Blood agar base........................................................................................... p.89 Brucella........................................................................................................ p.96 Campylobacter according to Karmali ........................................................... p.95 Columbia 3................................................................................................... p.88 DG18 .......................................................................................................... p.27 DNA .......................................................................................................... p.72 Drigalski ....................................................................................................... p.47 Edel Kampelmacher (Brilliant Green Agar ISO)........................................... p.49 EE broth Mossel .......................................................................................... p.31 ESIA / ESSB ................................................................................................ p.57
100
Giolitti Cantoni ............................................................................................. p.73 Hektoen ....................................................................................................... p.53 Klingler-Hajna .............................................................................................. p.50 Lyophilised Rabbit plasma ........................................................................... p.71 Mac Conkey................................................................................................. p.52 mLST .......................................................................................................... p.58 MKTTn ......................................................................................................... p.41 Mossel (MYP) .............................................................................................. p.92 MRS .......................................................................................................... p.99 OGA .......................................................................................................... p.26 Oxford .......................................................................................................... p.83 Palcam......................................................................................................... p.87 PCA .......................................................................................................... p.23 Preston ........................................................................................................ p.97 SMS .......................................................................................................... p.43 TBX .......................................................................................................... p.37 Thioglycollate resazurin ............................................................................... p.79 TSC and Tryptose sulfite ............................................................................ p.77 TSI .......................................................................................................... p.54 TSYE .......................................................................................................... p.90 RVS (Rappaport Vassiliadis Soja) ............................................................... p.40 Vibrions TCBS ............................................................................................. p.60 VRBG .......................................................................................................... p.32 VRBL .......................................................................................................... p.33 VRBL + MUG ............................................................................................... p.35 Wilson and Blair........................................................................................... p.48 XLD .......................................................................................................... p.42
Yersinia CIN................................................................................................. p.61 YGC .......................................................................................................... p.25
101
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Manual AES Chemunex Micro (En) (Full)

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Culture media for the food industry

reagents, instruments, consumables and materials for microbiology laboratories.

QCP and control certificate management

Self adhesive detachable Q.C. certificate

pH measured of the batch Products abbreviation

12 individual self adhesive & detachable stickers

Culture media for the food industry

Diluents & confirmation reagents

Culture media for the food industry

Dilumat 4 diluter (AESAP1056)

Dilusafe rack (AESDI0314)

Diluplug: high flow rate connector (AESDI0313)

Ready to start your day !

BUFFERED PEPTONE WATER

HALF FRASER BROTH

Supplement for Fraser

Dehydrated medium AEB140422: 500g bottle AEB140413: 5 kg barrel

MUCAP TEST (Adapted protocol for SMS method)

LIMITS & PRECAUTIONS

5,00 g 75,00 ml 25,00 ml

LIMITS AND PRECAUTIONS

STERILE DEFIBRINATED BLOOD

Made by : AES Laboratoire - Combourg France 184100 : 16/01/04 A

Culture media for the food industry

Total flora enumeration at 30C

Culture media for the food industry

Enumerate all the colonies

Made by : AES Laboratoire - Combourg - France 153502:15/03/05-F

Culture media for the food industry

Horizontal method for the detection and enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae

Incubation 18 hours +/- 2h at 37C

1ml of culture + 10ml of EE broth

Incubation 24 hours +/- 2h at 37C

Subculture onto VRBG

Incubation 24 hours +/- 2h at 37C

Select the typical colonies and isolate on a nutritive agar plate

Incubation 24 hours +/- 2h at 37C

Culture media for the food industry

LIMITS AND PRECAUTIONS

Culture media for the food industry

General directives for the enumeration of coliforms Colony-count technique

Culture media for the food industry

Enumerate the blue colonies

T.B.X. (Tryptone Bile X-Gluc))

Culture media for the food industry

0,1 ml sample + 10 ml of RVS broth Incubate at 41,51C for 243 hours

1 ml sample + 10 ml of MKTTn broth Incubate at 371C for 243 hours

E.coli, Citrobacter, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Gram+ flora, yeasts, moulds

ASAP (AES Salmonella Agar Plate)

Colonies characteristics on ASAP :

RVS (Rappaport Vassiliadis Soja)

LIMITS AND PRECAUTIONS

MKTTn (Mller Kauffmann tetrathionate-novobiocine)

LIMITS & PRECAUTIONS

20,00 g 25,00 g 100,00 ml

LIMITS AND PRECAUTIONS

Culture media for the food industry

Protocol for Salmonella detection DAY 0 : Pre-enrichment

25 g sample + 225 ml Buffered Peptone Water

3 x 0,1 ml in 3 points near the side of the Petri dish

Plates presenting typical colonies within 24 h are considered positive.

Negative: no migration or migration are < 2 cm