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ChapterOne
METRIC(SI),PNSBARSIZESSTANDARDSANDOTHERCRITERION
ByAmadeus(Mady)Magpile,PresidentandCEO

INTRODUCTION
ThisisfirstinaseriesofarticlesoutliningtheManualofStandardPractice,Estimatorsand
DetailersofBarlinesadheretoregardingReinforcingSteelinthePhilippines.Becausethe
currentpracticeinthePhilippinesisstillpredominantlycutandbendatthejobsitethe
practiceofrebarestimating,detailing,fabricationandeveninstallationvariesfromjobtojob.
AndalsosincethePhilippinesisjustnowgettingfamiliarwiththetypicalfabshopequipment,in
generalnotesandspecificationstoprovidequalitycontrolareattimesconflicting.Insteadof
leavingeveryonetotheirowninterpretations,Barlinestookuponitselftolayoutabasisfora
ManualofStandardPracticethateveryonecouldembrace.
BecausetheauthorwasandstillisamemberoftheCRSICommitteeonReinforcingBar
DetailingandthatBarlinesmothercompanyhasdoneworkinmanycountriesoftheworldand
havelearnedtoadapttosomanyrebarengineeringstandards,thetaskseemeasierassignedto
them.Barlineswelcomeanyconstructivecommentsonthisendeavor.

1.01METRICvs.IMPERIAL
IntheInternationalSystemofMeasurement(SI),theMetricSystem,alldimensionsin
ReinforcingSteelPlacingDrawingsshallbeshowninmillimeters,thus:365,625,720,9000.
Somemayshowaspacebetweenthousandsandhundreds,butsuchisnotmandatory.By
adoptingthisstandardtheuseofmmabbreviationsbecomesunnecessary.Spacingofbars,
dimensionsandlengthsofbarsshallalsobeshowninmillimeters.Tofollowthepracticeinthe
UnitedStatesandtoconformtocalibrationoffabricatingequipments,rebardimensionsshallbe
roundedtothenearestinchor25mmforendhooksandtothenearestquarterinchor5mmfor
stirrupandtiehooks.Theseincrementsalsoarecompatibletotolerancesinfabricationandbar
placement.
ThePhilippineNationalStandard(PNS)barsizesarenotuniversal.Itisworthcomparingthe
barsizestohaveagraspofitseffectonstandardhooks.

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TableBRE100.01
BARSIZECOMPARISON
Philippines
BarSize
Area,Sq.mm.

10m
78.5

12m
113.1

16m
201.1

20m
314.2

25m
490.9

28m
615.8

32m
804.3

36m
1017.9
40m
1256.6

50m
1963.5

Canada,Intl
BarSize
Area,Sq.mm.

10m
100

15m
200

20m
300

25m
500

30m
700

35m
1000

45m
1500

55m
2500

UnitedSates
BarSize
Area,Sq.mm.
#3/10m
71

#4/13m
129
#5/16m
199

#6/19m
284

#7/22m
387

#8/25m
510

#9/29m
645

#10/32m
819

#11/36m
1006

#14/43m
1452

#18/57m
2581

Youwillnoteintheabovebarsizecomparisontable,10m,16mand36mofthePhilippinesarea
bitlargerthanbarsizesoftheUnitedStates.Itfollows,thatexceptforthesebarsizes,all
standardhooksrequiredbytheAmericanConcreteInstitute(ACI)fortheU.S.barsizescanbe
maintainedinthePhilippineswithveryminoradjustments.

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1.02AVAILABLESTOCKLENGTHS
UniqueinthePhilippines,barsareavailableinmultiplestocklengths.Becauseoftheabsenceof
fabricatingequipments,theMillstookuponthemselvestomakeavailablevariouslengthsto
reducetheamountshearingthatwillbeneededinacutandbendpracticeatthejobsite.
BarsinthePhilippinesareavailablein:6.00,7.50,9.00,10.50,and12.00meters.Onaspecial
order,15.00meterscanbemadeavailable.

1.03STANDARDHOOKS
Toavoidhairlinecracksinducebyexcessivebendingstresses,theACIestablishedcontrolsby
specifyingtheminimuminsideradiusorinsidediameterofbendthatcanbemadeforeachsize
ofbar.Thisminimumbenddiameteriscommonlyknowinfabricationisasthepindiameter.
Theradiusofdiameterofthebendisusuallyexpressedasamultipleofthenominaldiameterof
thebardb.Theratioofdiameterofbendtodiameterofbarisnotaconstantbecauseithas
beenfoundbytestthatthisratiomustbelargerasthebarsizeincreases.Theminimumpin
diametersofbendspecifiedbyACI318(318M)forreinforcingbarsareasfollows:

Otherthan

BarSizes(mm)

Ties/Stirrups

TiesOrStirrups

8m

6db

4db

10m,12m,16m

6db

4db

20m,25m

6db

6db

28m,32m,36m

8db

40m,50m

10db

db=nominalbardiameter

BesidestherequirementsofACI318,theroundingofendhookstothenearest25mmand
stirrupandtiestothenearest5mmallowanceforspringbackinfabricationandmaintaininga
policyofproductionfabricationpinsizenosmallerthantheASTMA615/A615Mbendtestpin
sizewereallrecognizedaswell.IntheTables,theextralengthofbarallowedforhookis
designatedasAorG.TheAandGforhooksmadeitpossibleforsoftwaredevelopersto
programthemassuch.Forexample,aBarlinesDetailer,usingadetailingsoftwareonlyneedto
entertheplus(+)orminus()keytorecallastandardhookdimensionsforanysizebarattheA

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orGcells.UsingMicrosoftEXCELspreadsheet,onecanembedalookuptableatthosesame
cells,eliminatingmemorizingallthedifferenthookdimensions.Asanaddedrule,theAorG
canalsobeadimensionlessbutnotmorethanstandards(SeeTableoftheminimumAorG
Dimension).
FabricatingequipmentmostlikelywillbecomingfromtheUnitedStates,ChinaorKorea.
BarlinesequipmentisallfromKRBMachineryofPennsylvania,U.S.A.,andthesameequipment
thatfabricatedthePETRONASTowersinMalaysia.

1.04FABRICATINGEQUIPMENTCOMMONLYFOUNDINAFABSHOP
HerearesomephotosofBarlinesFabricatingEquipmentfromKRB.

TheKRBShearline,withtheloadingtableattherightsideoftheshearhead,themeasuring
conveyorandthesortingtableontheleftsideoftheshearhead.Inthisinstance,themultiple
barshavebeenblocked(blockercalibratedevery5mm)andshearedoff.Atthepushofa
buttonbytheoperator,thebarswillbeliftedandslidintotheopenbinno.2,whilebinno.1is
closedwithbarsofdifferentlengthorsizethanontheconveyor.

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BelowistheKRBHeavybender.Noticethepinsizearoundwhichthebarwasbent.Noticealso
theextralengthattheendrequiredbythepintocatch.Shorterthanstandardmaymakeit
impossibletobendthebar.

BelowisaphotoofBarlinesGreenElephantKRBStirrupmatic.Itiscapableofshearingand
bendingmultiplestirrup/tiesbothinstraightrodsandincoiledrebar,inbarsizes10m,13mand
16m,inoneoperation.WhilecoilisstillnotreadilyavailableinthePhilippines,Barlinesisable
togetthemfromTaiwan.WithCoilsrebarwasteisreducefromoneremnantevery12meter
stockto1remnantevery3000meterstock.Againthismachineiscalibratedinincrementsof5
mm.

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TableBRE100.02

THEPHILIPPINESMETRICREINFORCINGBARS

NOMINALDIMENSIONS
BARSIZE

AREA

MASS

DIAMETER

Designation

SquareMillimeter

KilogramperMeter

Millimeter

#8

50.3

0.394

#10

78.5

0.616

10

#12

113.1

0.888

12

#16

201.1

1.578

16

#20

314.2

2.466

20

#25

490.9

3.853

25

#28

615.8

4.834

28

#32

804.3

6.313

32

#36

1017.9

7.990

36

#40

1256.6

9.865

40

#50

1963.5

15.413

50

ThereinforcingsteelshownaboveareavailableaccordingtoPNSGrade230(ASTMGrade33)
fromsize#8to#36;PNSGrade275(ASTNGrade40)fromsize#10to#36;andPNSGrade415
(ASTMGrade60)fromsize#10to#50.PNSGrade415alsoisavailablemarkedwithWwhich
denoteswieldableproperty.
BarlinesRebarDetailersandEstimatorshallbemindfulofthePNSGradesandWeldability
requirementsofreinforcingsteel.BarlinesassumesthatwieldablegradesconformstoASTM
A706,Grade60bars,whichisLowAlloySteel,requiredforbarsthatareweldedandonDuctile
FrameorBoundaryElementsofShearWallsinSeismicZone4,suchastheentirePhilippines.
Itisnot,however,theresponsibilityofaRebarDetailertochangethegradesofrebaras
specifiedbytheDesignEngineer.

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BarlinesRebarDetailersshalldetailstandardhooksonbarsaccordingtotheseminimum:

ACI318(318M)minimumbenddiameters,

Roundingto5mmand25mmincrements,

Springbackinfabrication,and

FabricatingEquipmentcalibration.

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TableBRE100.03
RECOMMENDEDENDHOOKS,AllGrades
D=FinishedbendDiameter(PinDiameter)

BarSize
#8
#10
#12
#16
#20
#25
#28
#32
#36
#40
#50

D*
(mm)
50
60
80
100
135
155
240
275
305
400
500

180degreehook
AorG
J
(mm)
(mm)
100
65
150
80
175
105
200
130
250
180
275
205
375
300
425
335
475
375
675
500
850
600

90degree
hook
AorG(mm)
125
150
200
250
375
425
475
550
625
725
900

*Finishedbenddiametersincludespringbackeffectwhenbarsstraightenoutslightly
afterbeingbentandareslightlylargerthanminimumbenddiametersinACIChapter3,
Section7.2.

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TableA100.04

STIRRUPANDTIEHOOKDIMENSIONS(AllGrades)
Bar
Size

D*(mm)

10
12
16
20
25

40
50
65
120
155

90degree
hook
HookA0rG
(mm)
105
115
155
355
410

135degreehook
HApprox
HookAorG(mm)
(mm)
105
65
115
80
140
95
230
135
270
155

135DEGREESEISMICSTIRRUP/TIEHOOKDIMENSIONS
(AllGrades)
Bar
Size

D*(mm)

10
12
16
20
25

40
50
65
120
155

135degreehook
HookAorG
(mm)
HApprox(mm)
110
80
115
80
140
95
230
135
270
155

*SamenoteasintableA100.03

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1.05OTHERDETAILINGCRITERION
1.05.01RADIALPREFABRICATION(BendType9)
Whenreinforcingbarsareusedaroundacurvedsurfaces,suchasdomesortanksandwhenno
specialrequirementisestablishedinthecontract,suchbarsshallbedetailedandprefabricated
inaccordancewiththecriteriaestablishedinthefollowingtable.
TABLEA100.05

Bar
Size

#10
#12
#16
#20
#25
#28
#32
#36
#40
#50

Barsaretobefabricatedwhen
eithertheradiusorbarlengthis
lessthetabulatedvalue
Radius(meter)
BarLength(meter)
1.50
3.00
3.00
3.00
4.50
3.00
12.00
3.00
18.00
9.00
27.00
9.00
33.00
9.00
33.00
18.00
54.00
18.00
90.00
18.00

Barswillbefurnishedstraightforallotherconditions.Thestraightbarswillthenhavetobe
sprunginplacetofit.Radiallyprefabricatedbarsofanysizetendtorelaxtheradiusoriginally
prefabricatedasaresultoftimeandnormalhandling.Thelastfewmillimetersinvolvedinthe
lapspliceareaoftenappearsasatangentratherthananarcduetolimitationsofstandard
bendingequipment.
Thepresenceofthetangentendmaynotcauseanyproblemonmostbarssincetheyare
generallylapspliced.However,forsizes#40and#50barscannotbelapsplicedandareusually
splicedusingamechanicalspliceorsplicedbybuttwelding.Itisaproblemtoplacearadially
bentbarwhenusingmechanicalspliceduetothetangentendsonbarsbenttoasmallradii.To
avoidthisproblem,all#40and#50barsbenttoaradiusof6100mmorlessshallbedetailed
andfurnishedwithanadditional450mmaddedtoeachend.Barsbenttoradiigreaterthan
6100mmwillbedetailedandfurnishedtothedetailedlengthwithnoconsiderationsgivento
thetangentend.

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1.05.02LOADINGLIMITS
TableA100.06

MAXIMUMARCLENGTHFORSHIPPING
Radius

Max
length

1219
1372
1524
1676
1829
1981
2133
2286
2438
2591
2743
2895
3048
3200
3353
3505
3657
3810
3962

6172
6224
6272
6400
6553
6730
6909
7086
7263
7415
7595
7772
7924
8101
8254
8406
8558
8711
8863

Radius

Max
Length

4115
4267
4419
4572
4724
4877
5029
5181
5334
5486
5639
5791
5943
6096
6248
6400
6553
6705
6858

9016
9168
9320
9448
9601
9729
9881
10006
10134
10286
10415
10539
10667
10795
10920
11048
11149
11277
11405

TotalLengthover12000mm.

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Radius

Max
Length

Radius

Max
Length

7010
7162
7315
7467
7620
7772
7924
8077
8229
8382
8534
8686
8839
8991
9144
9296
9448
9601
9753

11506
11634
11759
11862
11987
12091
12191
12319
12420
12521
12649
12749
12853
12953
13054
13158
13258
13359
13462

9906
10058
10210
10363
10515
10667
10820
10972
11125
11277
11429
11582
11734
11887
12039
12191
12344
12496
12649

13563
13664
13767
13868
13968
14072
14173
14249
14349
14453
14529
14630
14730
14806
14910
15000
15000
15000
15000

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TableA100.07

MAXIMUMRIGHTANGLELEGFORSHIPPING
SHORTER
LEG
2285
2310
2340
2360
2390
2415
2440
2460
2490
2515
2540
2565

MAX
LONGER
LEG
10645
8765
7645
6910
6350
5920
5590
5310
5055
4875
4700
4545

SHORTER
LEG
2590
2615
2645
2665
2690
2720
2745
2770
2795
2820
2845
2870

MAX
LONGER
LEG
4420
4290
4190
4090
3990
3910
3835
3790
3710
3660
3605
3555

SHORTER
LEG
2895
2920
2950
2970
3000
3025
3050
3070
3100
3125
3150

MAX
LONGER
LEG
3505
3455
3430
3375
3355
3300
3280
3250
3225
3175
3150

TotalLengthover12000mm.

TablesA100.06shows,forvariousradiiofbending,themaximumlengthofreinforcingbarthat
willnotexceed2235mm.TableA100.07shows,forLshapedbars,therightangledimension
fromtheapextoastraightlinebetweentheendsofthebarnotexceeding2235mm.
Theaboveisforsinglebar.Bundlesofbarsoccupyagreaterspace,therefore2235mmlimit
hasbeenselectedratherthe2400mmmaximumloadlimit.Generally,shippingwidthsgreater
than2400mmrequirethepermissionofauthoritiesormustbeshippedunderspecialfreight
rates.

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REFERENCES:
AmaricanConcreteInstitute(ACI)Committee318(2008)BuildingCodeRequirementsfor
StructuralConcrete,AmericanConcreteInstitute,FarmingtonHills,MI.
ConcreteReinforcingSteelInstituteCRSI(2009)ManualofStandardPractice,28thEdition,
ConcreteReinforcingSteelInstitute,Schaumburg,IL.
ConcreteReinforcingSteelInstituteCRSI(2000)ReinforcingBarDetailing,4thEdition,
ConcreteReinforcingSteelInstitute,Schaumburg,IL.
BarlinesReinforcingSteelBulletins
PhilippineNationalStandardCDPNS49:2001,SteelbarsforreinforcementSpecifications,
PhilippineNationStandard(Copyattached)

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