Four Methods and their Application to the Duplication of the Cube RODOLFO A. NIEVES RIVAS fesol7luzley@gmail.

com Abstract We present in this research four geometric construction methods by using straightedge and compass in order to obtain and determine the cubic root of two. After that, we made a descriptive analysis of the obtained results of its application to the duplication of the cube and finally we conclude with the conjugation of these four methods on the proof of the duplication of the cube. Keywords: Construction methods, duplication of the cube, conjugation Introduction In order to demonstrate that a construction method, with the use of straightedge and compass, (Perez, Sanz.2007) allows to duplicate a cube (Biosca, F.1961), it is only necessary and sufficient that with such method the cube root of two or four can be constructed starting from a given segment that represents the unit. This is the objective of this research and to achieve this result we use the following four methods: a) iteration method for interpolation and extrapolation of (n) geometric means by perpendicular reflection, b) iteration method for interpolation and extrapolation of proportional segments horizontally. (Nieves.R.2007), c) by iteration method for interpolation and extrapolation of proportional segments by spiral.(Nieves.R.2007). d) iteration method for interpolation and extrapolation of (n) geometric means. All of these methods fulfill the function of establishing the conditions and consistency required to address this issue which is considered impossible to solve by some authors. (Varios.1979) (Chambadal.1984). (Perez, A.2000) Methodology: For the descriptive analysis in the development of each geometric construction for the four methods, the technique uses heuristics (Polya.2002), supported by some established results of Euclidean geometry. (Coxeter.1971) and the Design of the figures used Geogebra software.

Method for Interpolation and Extrapolation of (n) Geometric Means by Perpendicular Reflection
Figure: 1 (own data)

Proof: If: :: AD : AN : AS : AE Where: AD = 1 AN = 21/3 AS = 41/3

AE = 81/3 Then: AE / AS = AS / AN = AN / AD = 21/3 When: IE / FD = IE / GE = AE / AD = 81/3

OE / MN = AS / AD = OE / GE = 41/3 KE / RS Where: = KE / GE = AN / AD = 21/3 =1

GE = FD = MN = RS = AD

Method for Interpolation and Extrapolation of Proportional Horizontal Segments

Figure 2: (own data)

Proof: AE = 11/3 FG = 21/3 HI = 41/3 JK = 81/3 Given Cube Duplication of the Given Cube Quadruplication of the Given Cube Octuplication of the Given Cube

Conjugation of Spiral Methods and the Geometric Means by Perpendicular Reflection

Figure 3: (own data)

Proof: If: DE = 1 When: EV = 2 Then: When:

Method for Obtaining Proportional Segments by Interpolation and Extrapolation of Geometric Means
Figure 4: (own data)

Proof: If: KA / OP = AE / PE Then: KA.PE = OP.AE If: LE / RN = AE / AN Then: LE.AN = RN.AE Where: AE = 2

When: OP = RN = 1 For: AN = KA = 41/3

When: LE = PE = 21/3

Conjugation of the Four Methods of Horizontal and Spiral Interpolation with Geometric Means and Perpendicular Reflection
Figure 5: (own data

Analysis

of

Results,

Discussion

and

Conclusion:

Once presented the previous results and showed the corresponding proofs of each one and being confirmed the effectiveness for achieving the stated objective is concluded that the duplication of the cube can be addressed with the use of these four methods and heuristics. And also propose the study and application of them.

The Theorem of Legendres Three Points and the Height Euclid's Theorem Applied to the Duplication of the Cube
Figure 6: (own data)

Method of Interpolation and Extrapolation of Segments by Proportional Iteration Horizontally

Figure 7: (own data)

2o

21

22

23

2n

Generalization of the Method in a Spiral and the Proof of the Height Euclids Theorem
Figure 8: (Own data)

Method for Obtaining Segment by Interpolation and Extrapolation of (n) Geometric Means
Figure 9: (own data)

References [1] Biosca, F.M. Aritmetica, Algebra y Geometria.1961.Enciclopedia Labor. Ed. Labor. S. A.. Tomo 6. pp. 788-790 y 536-537.Madrid [2] Coxeter, h,.s,m,1971. Fundamentos de la Geometra. Ed. LIMUSA. Mexico. [3] Chambadal. L Diccionario de Matematicas.Ed.Grijalbo.Mexico.1984.Pp.99 [4] Perez.A.2000.La cuadratura del crculo, la duplicacin del cubo y la triseccin del ngulo. Calendario de Matemticas. Cenamec. [5] Perez Sanz.A.2007. Malditos sean la regla y el comps. XIII JAEM.(consultada.15/8/2011).Granada. [6] Polya, G. 2002.Como plantear y resolver problemas. Mexico: Ed. Trillas [7] Nieves R. ( Mtodo para la obtencin de segmentos proporcionales por iteracin con regla y compas y su aplicacin en la solucin de la duplicacin del cubo)XVII Jornadas tcnicas de investigacin y I de postgrado Memorias Unellez 2007 Pp.133140 [8] Varios. Diccionario de Matemtica. Ed.Ediplesa.1979.Pp.78