How do different factors affect the colors of our life Slide 1 From a physical aspect, light is a form of electromagnetic

c radiation(Other forms include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, ultraviolet rays, X-rays, and gamma rays.) All of these are knows as electromagnetic spectrum and are fundamentally similar. The speed of light 186 000 miles per second VOnly difference between them is the wavelengths (the shorter the wavelength the higher the energy and vice versa)

Slide 2 Light is energy and its made of little packs of energy which are called photons. Objects with dark color absorb the energy When the white light separates into different colours, its called dispersion. If a light waves have different frequencies, they bend differently. The order from the highest wavelength is: Red-Orange-Yellow-Green-Blue-Indigo-Violet. From colours, violet has the lowest wavelength and red has the highest wavelength. Slide3 This explains the creation of a rainbow: Upon refracting twice and reflecting once, the light ray is dispersed and bent downward towards an observer on earths surface. As in the case of the refraction of light through prisms with nonparallel sides, the refraction of light at two boundaries of the droplet results in the dispersion of light into a spectrum of colors. The angle of deviation between the incoming light rays from the sun and the refracted rays directed to the observers eyes in approximately 42 degrees for the red light. Because of the tendency of shorter wavelength blue light to refract more than red light, the angle of deviation from the original sun rays is approximately 40 degrees. Its also possible to change from the dispersion back to white light by putting another prism in front of the light. If the light has two prisms on its way, it will lead to a dispersion and then back to white light. Slide 4 Complementary colors If you arrange some colors in a circle, you get a "color wheel". The diagram shows one possible version of this. Colours directly opposite each other on the colour wheel are said to be complementary colors. Blue and yellow are complementary colors; red and cyan are complementary; and so are green and magenta.

Mixing together two complementary colors of light will give you white light. Slide 5 The color of chemicals is a physical property of chemicals that in most cases comes from the excitation of electrons due to absorption of energy performed by the chemical. What is seen by the eye is not the color absorbed, but the complementary colour from the removal of the absorbed wavelength. CHEMISTRY:

Molecules are very selective about what photon energies they will or will not absorb molecules can exist only in certain allowed energy state Different molecules have different colors molecular structure has something to do with the size of the energy transition associated with absorption of visible light.

Slide 6 Electrons that can spread over many atoms within a molecule absorb photons of lower energy, according to the model, they will absorb visible light. color have structures with electrons that

This explains why many organic materials that have are not pinned down in a single covalent bonds.

A simple guideline is that color change can be caused by changes in electron confinement.

Confining electrons to a smaller space makes the light absorbed bluer and if they move around in a large space the light absorbed is redder.

Slide 7 THE COLORS OF COMPLEX METAL IONS The origin of colour in complex ions containing transition metals Complex ions containing transition metals are usually colored, whereas the similar ions from non-transition metals aren't. suggests that the partly filled d orbital must be involved in generating the colour in some way. Remember that transition metals are defined as having partly filled d orbital. Slide8 Biological aspect: The colors enrich our visual experience and enable us to discern objects and patterns that would otherwise not be seen.

Human:

Inheritance: Color of eye, skin and hair color are the basic examples. Slide 9 Color blindness In addition to the eye color and the colors of life, a significant factor is how we see and perceive them. The eye color doesnt have an effect on our sight on surroundings, but another inherited thing that affects our vision is color-blindness. Color blindness is not an actual blindness but the inability or significantly decreased ability to see color or perceive color differences, under lighting conditions when color vision is not normally impaired. The most common color blindness is red-green blindness, where a person has genetical inability to differentiate or see these two colors. Slide 10 Environment: The environment always has an effect on the color and changes the experience of color. The color of anything we observe depends upon a few factors. Firstly - Everything is made up of electrons and atoms. How something will look when bathed in light, is actually controlled by these atoms and electrons. Different materials, objects and items have a different structure of atoms and electrons. Any object, by its nature, will, when exposed to light, do one of the following: reflect or scatter light (reflection and scattering) absorb light (absorption) do nothing (transmission) refract light (refraction) Our vision system contrasts the color difference between objects and opposite colors, so that it that the different tones are enhanced at different environment and with different surroundings. Slide 11 The color of leaves Leaves are green because they contain a pigment called Chlorophyll. Pigments are molecules with their own characteristic absorption spectra in response to light. The perceived color of the pigment depends upon the wavelengths of light that are not absorbed. So, Chlorophyll absorbs red and blue light from the sunlight that falls on leaves The light reflected by the leaves is diminished in red and blue and appears green. There are two more pigments:

carotenoid (yellow, orange, and brown) anthocyanin (red) When the days become shorter, the amount of chlorophyll produced loveres, and finally it stops producing at all. When it happens the carotenoid and anthocyanin show their features.