Sequestering agents

Spring 2010

Why??
Water supplies have metal particles. Rusting of vessels Micro/ nano particles of metal on fabric. Make Unstable chemical system Iron spots and Pin holes

multivalent transition-metal cations catalyse the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (although divalent calcium and magnesium ions have a stabilising effect) and localised staining or tendering of the fibre may occur

COLORATION trace-metal ions can react with certain dyes, giving rise to precipitation, discoloration, unlevel dyeing and reduced fastness.

Solution??
Water treatment ??? No the overzealous treatment of water can actually lead to the presence of troublesome aluminium ions that were not originally present! We need special kind of chemicals our title

What they do !!??

preventing Metal ions from interfering with the mainstream reaction or process. Two terms are used sequestering agents and Complexing agents. complexing does cover a wider field than just metalion chelation

How they do that ?

Make complex formation with metals. In the form chelation A chelating agent contains substituents suitably located to form one or more chelate rings by electron donation to the metal ion the resulting complex remaining soluble and innocuous under the conditions of processing.

The most useful donating atoms are nitrogen, as found in amines or substituted amines oxygen in the form of carboxyl, phosphate or ionised hydroxy groups

4 types mainly
aminopolycarboxylates and their analogues, e.g. hydroxyaminocarboxylates phosphates and phosphonates hydroxycarboxylates polyacrylic acids and derivatives.

Aminopolycarboxylates and their analogues

ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid EDTA diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid DTPA nitrilotriacetic acid NTA

NTA degrades easily, the most stable is EDTA at long range of pH EDTA makes 5 member ring with metal complex

EDTA complexing with metal

Phosphates and phosphonates

All of these polyanions function by withdrawing the troublesome metal cation into an innocuous and watersoluble complex anion by a process of ion exchange

At more than 100C these chemical hydrolyze. The solution is phosphonates

- ethylenediaminetetramethylphosphonic acid EDTMP diethylenetriaminepentamethylphosphonic acid DETMP nitrilotrimethylphosphonic acid ATMP hydroxyethylethylenediaminetrimethylpho sphonic acid HEDTMP hexamethylenediaminetetramethylphosph onic acid HMDTMP

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Consumptions of these chemicals is less, aminopolyphosphonates are used in detergent formulation Environmentally, phosphates generally have been a sensitive issue, not least because they can cause eutrophication of watercourses, and the situation is still not resolved completely. No aerobic or anaerobic bacterium has been found to date that will biodegrade aminopolyphosphonates under the treatment conditions used today, yet these products are not biologically persistent.

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Action of Sequestering agent

Used in very less quantity 0.5-1 g/l EDTA. High constant => good agent

NTA < HEDTA < EDTA < DTPA. Metals can also be listed in order of increasing stability constant: Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Mn2+ < Al3+ < Zn2+ < Co3+ < Pb2+ < Cu2+ < Ni3+ < Fe3+. Stability testing is done at 25 C

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Thus for the series of sequestering agents and metal ions mentioned, the magnesium NTA complex has the lowest stability and iron(III) DTPA the highest.

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