EE 2304 POWER ELECTRONICS LABORATORY

AIM To study the characteristics of switching devices and its applications in rectifier inverter, chopper and resonant converter. List of experiments with objectives and exercises 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Characteristics of SCR Characteristics of TRIAC Characteristics of MOSFET and IGBT Transient characteristics of SCR and MOSFET AC to DC fully controlled converter AC to DC half-controlled converter Step down and step up MOSFET based choppers IGBT based single-phase PWM inverter IGBT based three-phase PWM inverter Resonant dc-to-dc converter

Ex. No. 1 CHARACTERISTICS OF SCR & ITS APPLICATION

AIM : To determine the characteristics of SCR and to study the operation of Single Phase Single Pulse Converter using SCR. APPARATUS REQUIRED: S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 APPARATUS SCR Module kit Thyristor Trainer Module Kit Firing Circuit Module Regulated Power Supply Regulated Power Supply DRB Voltmeter Ammeter Ammeter Resistor Loading Rheostat CRO Patch Chords RANGE 220 V / 5 A TYPE QUANTITY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10

(0-5) V (0-30) V (0-30) V (0-30)mA (0-100)A 1 k 50 / 5 A 20 MHZ MC MC MC

PROCEDURE: 1. To determine the Characteristics of SCR 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Make the connections as per the circuit diagram. Switch on the supply Set the gate current at a fixed value by varying RPS on the gate-cathode side. Increase the voltage applied to anode-cathode side from zero until breakdown occurs. Note down the breakdown voltage. Draw the graph between anode to cathode voltage (v ak) and anode current (ia)

2. To study the operation of Single Phase Single Pulse Converter. 1) 2) 3) 4) Make the connections as per the circuit diagram Switch on the supply Switch on the supply and observe the waveforms of various firing angle by varying the POT in resistance firing circuit. Observe the range of firing angle control. For any particular triggering angle plot the waveforms of the voltage across the load and the SCR. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

TABULAR COLUMN:

IG =.(A) S.No. VAK (V) IA (mA)

IG =.(A) VAK (V) IA (mA)

MODEL GRAPH: IA I g1

Pin configuration

I g2 ig2 >ig1 VAK K A G ZP4M

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM (SINGLE PHASE SINGLE PULSE CONVERTER) :

TABULAR COLUMN (SINGLE PHASE SINGLE PULSE CONVERTER): S.No. Non-Conducting Period (ms) Conducting Period (ms) Firing Angle ( ) Output Voltage (V)

MODEL GRAPH (SINGLE PHASE SINGLE PULSE CONVERTER):

Vin 2 3

VT

RESULT: Thus the Characteristics of SCR and the Output waveforms of Single Phase Single Pulse Converter were obtained.

Ex. No. 2 TRIAC PHASE CONTROL CIRCUIT

AIM: To construct the Single Phase AC Control Circuit using TRIAC for various values of firing angle. APPARATUS REQUIRED: S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 APPARATUS TRIAC Power Circuit kit TRIAC Firing Circuit kit Isolation Transformer Auto Transformer CRO Loading Rheostat Patch Chords RANGE Single Phase 230 V / 10 A Single Phase 230 V / 5 A 230 / 115 V 230 / 230 V 20 MHZ 100 , 2 A TYPE QUANTITY 1 1 1 1 1 1 10

PROCEDURE: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Make the connections as per the circuit diagram. Keep the multiplication factor of CROs probe at maximum position. Switch on the TRIAC knob and firing circuit kit. Vary the firing angle in steps and note the readings of waveforms in CRO. Switch of the supply. Draw the output waveforms. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: Ph 230 V A.C 50 Hz N 1 Auto Transformer 230V/ 0 210V 1KvA 230V / 115-55-0-115V Isolation Transformer MT2 G MT1 (0 5A) MI A (0 300V) MI V Resistive Load

TABULAR COLUMN: Firing angle Voltage (v) Time t (ms) Current (A) Practical value o

S.No.

MODEL GRAPH:

RESULT: Thus Single Phase AC Phase Control Circuit using TRIAC was constructed and output waveforms was drawn.

Ex. No. 3 CHARACTERISTICS OF TRIAC

AIM: To determine the characteristics of TRIAC. APPARATUS REQUIRED: S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 APPARATUS TRIAC Module kit Regulated Power Supply Regulated Power Supply Voltmeter Ammeter Ammeter Resistor Patch Chords RANGE 220 V / 5 A (0-5) V (0-15) V (0-30) V (0-30)mA (0-50)mA 1 k TYPE QUANTITY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10

MC MC MC

PROCEDURE: 1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram. 2. Switch on the supply. 3. Set the gate current at a fixed value by varying RPS on the 4. gate- cathode side. 5. 6. Increase the voltage applied across anode and corresponding current is noted. The above steps are repeated for different values of I G. 7. Draw the graph between anode to cathode voltage (V AK) and anode 8. current (I A)

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

TABULAR COLUMN:

S.No.

IG =.(mA) VAK (V) IA (mA)

IG=.(mA) VAK (V) IA (mA)

MODEL GRAPH:

RESULT : Thus the Characteristics of TRIAC was obtained.

Ex. No. 4 CHARACTERISTICS OF MOSFET & IGBT

AIM : To determine the characteristics of MOSFET & IGBT.. APPARATUS REQUIRED: S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 APPARATUS MOSFET & IGBT Module kit Regulated Power Supply Regulated Power Supply Voltmeter Voltmeter Ammeter DRB Resistor Patch Chords RANGE 220 V / 5 A (0-15) V (0-30) V (0-5) V (0-30) V (0-5)mA 5 K, 1 k TYPE QUANTITY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10

MC MC MC

PROCEDURE: 1) 2) 3) 4) Make the connections as per the circuit diagram. Switch on the supply. Set the gate current at a fixed value by varying RPS on the gate-cathode side. Vary the voltage applied across Gate and corresponding VDS ( VCE) and ID ( IC ) is noted . 5) 6) 7) The above steps are repeated for different values of I G . Vary the voltage across Collector and Emitter and noted down VGE and IC. Draw the graph between V GS (VCE ) and ID (IC ) and VGS (VGE ) and ID (IC ).

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM (MOSFET) :

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM (IGBT) :

TABULAR COLUMN (MOSFET): TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS:

S.No

VGS =.(V) VDS (mV) ID (mA)

VGS =.(V) VDS (mV) ID (mA)

DRAIN CHARACTERISTICS:

V DS =.(V) S.No VGS (mV) ID (mA)

MODEL GRAPH ( MOSFET ): TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS DRAIN CHARACTERISTICS

TABULAR COLUMN (IGBT): TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS:

S.No

VGE =.(V) VCE (mV) IC (mA)

VGE =.(V) VCE (mV) IC (mA)

DRAIN CHARACTERISTICS:

V CE =.(V) S.No VGE (mV) IC (mA)

MODEL GRAPH (IGBT): TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS DRAIN CHARACTERISTICS

RESULT: Thus the Characteristics of MOSFET & IGBT were obtained.

Ex. No. 5

TRANSIENT CHARACTERISTICS OF SCR AND MOSFET

AIM: To determine the transient characteristics of MOSFET & IGBT. APPARATUS REQUIRED: S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 APPARATUS MOSFET & IGBT Module kit Regulated Power Supply Regulated Power Supply Voltmeter Voltmeter Ammeter Ammeter Ammeter DRB Resistor Patch Chords RANGE 220 V / 5 A (0-15) V (0-30) V (0-5) V (0-30) V (0-5)mA (0-10)mA (0-100)A 1 K, 1k, 100 k,5 k, TYPE QUANTITY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10

MC MC MC MC MC

PROCEDURE: 1) Make the connections as per the circuit diagram. 2) Switch on the supply. 3) Set the 30 V in the voltmeter using variable DC supply provided in the trainer. gate current at a fixed value by varying RPS on the gate-cathode side. 4) Vary the gate current and note down the values of IA & VA . 5) The above steps are repeated for different values of I G . 6) Draw the graph between VAK (VDS ) and IG (VGS ) and IA (ID) and IG (VGS).

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM ( SCR ) :

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM (MOSFET):

TABULAR COLUMN ( SCR ) : S.No. VAK (V) IG (A) IA (mA)

MODEL GRAPH ( SCR ):

TABULAR COLUMN (MOSFET): S.NO ID (mA)

VGS (V)

VDS (V)

MODEL GRAPH (MOSFET):

RESULT: Thus the Transient Characteristics of SCR & MOSFET were obtained.

Ex. No. 6 TRIGGERING CIRCUITS FOR SCR

AIM: To construct the R, RC &UJT triggering circuit for SCR and plot its output waveforms. APPARATUS REQUIRED: S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 APPARATUS CRO R.P.S DRB Transformer Load Voltmeter RANGE 20 MHz (0-30)V 230/24V 100,2A (0-15)V TYPE QUANTITY 1 1 1 1 1 1

MI

COMPONENTS REQUIRED: S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 ITEM SCR Capacitor Resistor Diode UJT RANGE 104F 1K,2.2K,0.1K 10K,22K IN4007 2N2646 TYPE 2P4M QUANTITY 1 2 1 1 2 1

PROCEDURE: (R-TRIGGERING) 1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram. 2. Vary the DRB to get maximum resistance value. 3. Switch on the power supply. 4. Note down the output waveform across the load and the voltage across gate cathode using a CRO. 5. Repeat the procedure for various resistor values of potentiometer. 6. Switch off the power and remove the connections. PROCEDURE: (RC-TRIGGERING) 1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram. 2. Switch on the power supply.

3. Note down the output waveform across the load using a CRO. 4. Repeat the procedure for various resistor values of potentiometer. 5. Switch off the power and remove the connections.

PROCEDURE: ( UJT-TRIGGERING) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram. Switch on the power supply and set the biasing voltage to 18volts. Note down the waveform of voltages (Vc and Vo) using a CRO . Repeat the procedure for various resistor values of potentiometer. Switch off the power supply and remove the connections.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM (RESISTANCE FIRING CIRCUIT) : 50/5A LOAD I VO R1 R2 VS D

CRO

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM (RC-TRIGGERING):

1 Transformer 230/24V Load D 230V AC 10K 1K 50/5A

V

(0-10)VM.I

D 0.47F

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM (UJT-TRIGGERING):

R2

R3

(0-30)V RPS

B2 B1

CR O

C R1
CR O

TABULAR COLUMN (R-TRIGGERING) : Input Cycle Time (Ms) Voltage Across (Anode- Cathode) V rms (V)

Input S.No. Voltage (V)

Resistance Value (K )

O/P Voltage V rms (V)

MODEL GRAPH ( R-TRIGGERING) :

VS

VL t

VAK

TABULATOR COLUMN (RC-TRIGGERING): Voltage Resistance Value (K ) O/P Voltage V rms (V) Across (AnodeCathode) V rms (V)

Input S.No. Voltage (V)

Input Cycle Time (Ms)

MODEL GRAPH (RC-TRIGGERING):

Vin t Vc

V0 t

TABULAR COLUMN (UJT-TRIGGERING):

Resistor S.No. value(r) ()

Capacitor voltage Vc (v)

Charging time (ms)

Discharging Time (ms)

Voltage vo (v)

Time Period (ms)

MODEL GRAPH ( UJT-TRIGGERING) :

Vc

0 t

Vo

t 0 t t RESULT: Thus the R, RC &UJT triggering circuit for SCR was constructed and its output waveforms were plotted.

Ex. No. 7 AC TO DC HALF CONTROLLED CONVERTER

AIM: To construct a single phase half controlled Converter and plot its output response. APPARATUS REQUIRED: S.NO. 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 FORMULA: t Firing angle 0 = --------- x 180 10ms t= non-conducting period of thyristor. PROCEDURE: 1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram. 2. Keep the multiplication factor of the CROs probe at the maximum position. 3. Switch on the thyristor kit and firing circuit kit. 4. Keep the firing circuit knob at the 180 position. 5. Vary the firing angle in steps. 1 230V 50Hz AC Supply 6. Note down the voltmeter reading and waveform from the CRO. 7. Switch off the power supply and disconnect. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM : P 1 Auto Transformer 230V/0-270V 1 Isolation Transformer Resistive Load APPARATUS Half controlled Converter Power circuit kit SCR firing circuit kit Isolation Transformer Auto-transformer Loading Rheostat CRO Patch chords RANGE 1 , 230V,10A 1 ,230V,5A 230V/115-550-55-115 230V/0-270V, 4A 100 / 2A 20MHz TYPE QUANTITY 1 1 1 1 1 1 15

T1

T2

D1

D2

TABULATOR COLUMN: Observed Angle O (Degree)

S.No.

Firing Angle Output Voltage Non Conducting (Degree) Vo (Volts) Period T Sec

MODEL GRAPH:

Vin

2 3 t

VT t

RESULT : Thus a single-phase half controlled converter was constructed and their Output waveforms were plotted.

Ex. No. 8 AC TO DC FULLY CONTROLLED CONVERTER

AIM: To construct a single phase fully controlled Converter and plot its response. APPARATUS REQUIRED: S.NO ITEM 1 Fully controlled Converter Power 3 4 5 6 7 8 FORMULA : t Firing angle 0 = --------- x 180 10ms t= non-conducting period of thyristor. PROCEDURE: 1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.. 2. Keep the multiplication factor of the CROs probe at the maximum position. 3. Switch on the thyristor kit and firing circuit kit. 4. Keep the firing circuit knob at the 180 position. 5. Vary the firing angle in steps. 6. Note down the voltmeter reading and waveform from the CRO. 7. Switch off the power supply and disconnect. circuit kit SCR firing circuit kit Isolation Transformer Auto-transformer Loading Rheostat CRO Patch chords 1 ,230V,5A 230V/115-55-0-55-115 230V/0-270V, 4A 100 / 2A 20MHz 1 1 1 1 1 15 RANGE 1 , 230V,10A TYPE QUANTITY 1

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :

1 230V 50Hz AC Supply

Resistive Load

1 Auto Transformer 230V/0-270V

1 -Isolation Transformer 1:1

TABULAR COLUMN: Observed angle o (degree)

S.No.

Firing angle (degree)

Output voltage Vo (volts)

Non conducting Period t sec

MODEL GRAPH : in

2 3 t

VT

RESULT: Thus a single-phase fully controlled converter was constructed and their responses were plotted.

Ex. No. 9 STEP UP AND STEP DOWN MOSFET BASED CHOPPERS

AIM: To construct Step down & Step up MOSFET based choppers and to draw its output response. APPARATUS REQUIRED: S.NO ITEM Step up & Step down MOSFET based chopper kit CRO Patch chords 20 MHZ RANGE QUANTITY 1 1 15

1 2 3

PROCEDURE (STEP UP CHOPPER & STEP DOWN CHOPPER) : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Initially keep all the switches in the OFF position Initially keep duty cycle POT in minimum position Connect banana connector 24V DC source to 24V DC imput. Connect the driver pulse [output to MOSFET input Switch on the main supply Check the test point waveforms with respect to ground. Vary the duty cyle POT and tabulate the Ton, Toff & output voltage Trace the waveforms of Vo Vs & Io Draw the graph for Vo Vs Duty cycle, K

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM (STEP UP CHOPPER) :

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM (STEP DOWN CHOPPER):

TABULAR COLUMN (STEP UP CHOPPER):

Vs = ____________ V S.NO T ON (sec) TOFF (sec) T Duty Ratio, k=TON / T Vo=kVs(V)

(sec)

TABULAR COLUMN (STEP DOWN CHOPPER): Vs = ____________ V S.NO T ON (sec) TOFF (sec) T Duty Ratio, k=TON / T Vo=kVs(V)

(sec)

MODEL GRAPH (STEP UP CHOPPER) :

MODEL GRAPH (STEP DOWN CHOPPER) :

RESULT: Thus the output response of Step down & Step up MOSFET based choppers were drawn.

Ex. No. 10 IGBT BASED SINGLE PHASE PWM INVERTER

AIM : To obtain Single phase output wave forms for IGBT based PWM inverter APPARATUS REQUIRED: S.No. 1 2 3 4 ITEM IGBT Based PWM inverter Kit CRO Patch Chord Load rheostat RANGE 220/10A 20MHZ 50/5A TYPE QUANTITY 1 1 10 1

PROCEDURE : 1. Make the connection as per the circuit diagram. 2. Connect the gating signal from the inverter module. 3. Switch ON D.C 24 V. 4. Keep the frequency knob to particulars frequency. 5. Observe the rectangular and triangular carrier waveforms on the CRO. 6. Obtain the output waveform across the load Rheostat.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: +

C1 T1 D1 50/5A 24V,D.C T3 D3

C2 T2 D2

Vo T4 D4

TABULAR COLUMN: S.no Output voltage (v) Time (ms)

MODEL GRAPH:

Vref

Vcar

Vo

RESULT : Thus the output waveform for IGBT inverter (PWM) was obtained.

Ex. No. 11 IGBT BASED THREE PHASE PWM INVERTER

AIM: To obtain Three phase output wave forms for IGBT based PWM inverter APPARATUS REQUIRED: S.No. 1 2 3 4 PROCEDURE: 1. Make the connection as per the circuit diagram. 2. Connect the gating signal from the inverter module. 3. Switch ON D.C 24 V. 4. Keep the frequency knob to particulars frequency. 5. Observe the input and output waveforms for 180 conduction mode and 120 conduction mode in the CRO. 6. Obtain the output waveform across the load Rheostat. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: ITEM IGBT Based PWM inverter Kit CRO Patch Chord Load rheostat RANGE 220/10A 20MHZ 50/5A TYPE QUANTITY 1 1 10 1

LAMP LOAD

TABULAR COLUMN: S.No. Output Voltage (V) Time (ms)

MODEL GRAPH :

RESULT : Thus the output waveform for IGBT inverter (PWM) was obtained.

Ex. No. 12 RESONANT DC TO DC CONVERTER

AIM: To study Zero Voltage Switching Resonant converter and Zero Current Switching Resonant Converter and plot its output waveforms. APPARATUS REQUIRED: S.No. ITEM 1 Resonant Converter Module 2 Loading rheostat 3 CRO 4 Patch chords RANGE 100 / 2A 20 MHZ TYPE QUANTITY 1 1 1 15

PROCEDURE (ZVS & ZCS RESONANT CONVERTER): 1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram. 2. Switch on the resonant converter module. 3. Keep the frequency knob of the firing circuit kit below the resonance Frequency of power circuit kit 4. Switch on the DC power supply connected to the power circuit kit and Switch on the firing circuit kit 5. Vary the frequency knob of the firing circuit kit 6. Observe the waveform from the CRO. 7. Repeat the same procedure for different values of switching frequency. 8. Switch of the power supply and disconnect the connection

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM (ZVS RESONANT CONVERTER ) :

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM (ZCS RESONANT CONVERTER) :

TABULAR COLUMN (ZVS RESONANT CONVERTER ) : RESONANT FREQUENCY = S.No. Input voltage (vi) V Switching frequency (hz) Output voltage Vo (V) Output current io (A)

TABULAR COLUMN ( ZCS RESONANT CONVERTER ) : RESONANT FREQUENCY = S.No. Input voltage (vi) V Switching frequency (Hz) Output voltage Vo (V) Output current io (A)

MODEL GRAPH ( ZVS RESONANT CONVERTER ) :

MODEL GRAPH ( ZCS RESONANT CONVERTER ) :

RESULT : Thus ZVS and ZCS Resonant Converter operation were studied and its output waveform were plotted.

Ex. No. 13 RESONANT INVERTERS

AIM : To study a Single-phase series inverter and parallel inverter and plot its output waveform. APPARATUS REQUIRED : S.No. ITEM 1 Series inverter power circuit kits 2 Series inverter firing circuit kit 3 Loading rheostat 4 5 6 Regulated power supply CRO Patch chords RANGE 1 ,230 V , 2 A 1 ,230 V , 2 A 100 / 2A (0 30 V) / 2 A 20 MHZ TYPE QUANTITY 1 1 1 1 1 15

PROCEDURE ( SERIES INVERTER ) : 1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram. 2. Switch on the thyristor firing circuit 3. Keep the frequency knob of the firing circuit kit below the resonance Frequency of power circuit kit 4. Switch on the DC power supply connected to the power circuit kit and Switch on the firing circuit kit 5. Vary the frequency knob of the firing circuit kit 6. Observe the waveform from the CRO. 7. Repeat the same procedure for different values of L,C and load resistance. 8. Switch of the power supply and disconnect the connection 9. Calculate the frequency of the output waveform .

PROCEDURE (PARALLEL INVERTER ) : 1. Make the connection as per the circuit diagram. 2. Switch on the 24V DC power supply. 3. Vary the output frequency by proper tuning. 4. Obtain the voltage output across secondary of transformer. 5. Obtain also the voltage across Inductance. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM (SERIES INVERTER) :

FUSE(2A )

T1 D1 L1

(0-30V), M.I V

C1

(0-30)V RPS M D2

LOAD L2 T2
CR O

C2

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM (PARALLEL INVERTER):

V0

P1 + D R C 24V dc T1

P2 P3

P4

P5

C1

Trigger Circuit

T2

R C

L -

TABULAR COLUMN (SERIES INVERTER): RESONANCE FREQUENCY = ____________: FIRING ANGLE = __________ S.No. Input Voltage (Vi) Volts Frequency Of Firing Circuit (Hz) Output Voltage Vo (Volts)

TABULAR COLUMN (PARALLEL INVERTER):

Output voltage Voltage (v) Time (ms) Voltage across inductor Voltage (v) Time (ms) Voltage across diode Voltage Time (v) (ms) Voltage across scr Voltage (v) Time (ms)

MODEL GRAPH (SERIES INVERTER):

T1 T2 ec1
t

ec2

eo
t

MODEL GRAPH (PARALLEL INVERTER) : V0

VL

VSCR1

VD1

RESULT: Thus a single-phase series inverter and parallel inverter operation were studied and its output waveform were plotted.