Internal combustion engine

The internal combustion engine: is a heat engine that converts chemical energy in a fuel into mechanical energy (most of them are reciprocating engines) Engine classifications: .types of ignition: a) spark ignition (SI) engine starts the cycle by use of a spark plug . b) compression ignition (CI) engine starts when mixture self ignites due high temp.

.engine cycle: a) 4 stroke > 4 piston over 2 revolution b) 2 stroke > 2 piston over 1 revolution

.valve location: a) valves in head (over head) I head engine b) valves in block (flat head) L head engine c) F head engine

.basic design: a) reciprocating: has one or more cylinder which Piston reciprocating back and forth b) rotary: made of block around non-concentric rotary and camshaft.

.position and no. of cylinders of reciprocating engine: a) single cylinder: one cyl. Connected to crankshaft b) in-line: cylinders postioned in a st.line one behind the other along crankshaft they can consist from 2 to 11 or more cylinders. c) V engine: two banks of cylinder at an angle with each other along a single crankshaft,allowing for a shorter engine block. d) opposed cylinder engine: two banks of cylinders opposite each other on a single crankshaft (flat engines) e) W engine: engine of two diff. cylinder arrangement have been classified as W engine f) opposed piston engine: two piston in each cylinder with the combustion chamber in the center bet. The pistons. g)radial engine: pistons positioned in a circular plane around a central crankshaft

.air intake process: a) naturally aspirated: no intake air pressure boost system. b) supercharged: intake air pressure inc. with compreesor driven of crankshaft. c) turbocharged: intake air pressure inc. with turbine-compressor driven be exhaust gases. d) crankcase compressed: 2-stroke cycle engine use crankcase as intake air comp.

.method of fuel input: a) carbureted b) multipoint port fuel injection: one or more injectors at each cylinder. c) throttle body fuel engine: injectors upstream in intake manifold. d) gasoline direct engine: injectors mounted in c.c injection directly to cyl.

.method of fuel input for compression ignition engines: a) direct injection: injected to main c.c b) indirect injection: injected to secondary c.c c) homogeneous charge compression ignition: some fuel added during stroke.

.fuel used: a) gasoline. b) diesel oil or fuel oil. c) gas, natural gas, methane. d) LPG. e) alcohol-ethyl, methyl. f) dual fuel: combination of two or more fuel. g) gasohol: consisting 90% gasolineand 10% alcohol.

.application: a) automobile, truck, bus. b) locomotive. c) stationary. d) aircraft. e) marine. f) small portable, chain saw, model airplane.

.type of cooling: a) air cooled. b) liquid cooled, water cooled.