Head-up display From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation <#mw-head>, search <#p-search> This article

is about the military and vehicle technology. For its use in gaming, see HUD (video gaming) </wiki/HUD_(video_gaming)>. This article *may contain original research </wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research>*. Please improve it <//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Head-up_display&action=edit> by verifying </wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability> the claims made and adding references </wiki/Wikipedia:References>. Statements consisting only of original research may be removed. More details may be available on the talk page </wiki/Talk:Head-up_display>. /(October 2009)/ </wiki/File:HUD_view.jpg> </wiki/File:HUD_view.jpg> HUD of an F/A-18C </wiki/F/A-18C> A *head-up display* or *heads-up display*also known as a *HUD*is any transparent display that presents data without requiring users to look away from their usual viewpoints. The origin of the name stems from a pilot being able to view information with the head positioned "up" and looking forward, instead of angled down looking at lower instruments. Although they were initially developed for military aviation, HUDs are now used in commercial aircraft, automobiles, and other applications. Contents [hide <#>] * 1 Overview <#Overview> o 1.1 Types <#Types> o 1.2 Generations <#Generations> * 2 History <#History> * 3 Design factors <#Design_factors> * 4 Aircraft <#Aircraft> o 4.1 Displayed data <#Displayed_data> o 4.2 Military aircraft specific applications <#Military_aircraft_specific_applications> o 4.3 VTOL/STOL approaches and landings <#VTOL.2FSTOL_approaches_and_landings> o 4.4 Civil aircraft specific applications <#Civil_aircraft_specific_applications> o 4.5 Enhanced flight vision systems <#Enhanced_flight_vision_systems> o 4.6 Synthetic vision systems <#Synthetic_vision_systems> * 5 Automobiles <#Automobiles> * 6 Developmental / experimental uses <#Developmental_.2F_experimental_uses> * 7 See also <#See_also> * 8 References <#References> * 9 External links <#External_links> [edit </w/index.php?title=Head-up_display&action=edit&section=1>] Overview </wiki/File:PZL_TS-11F_Iskra_(HUD).jpg>

</wiki/File:PZL_TS-11F_Iskra_(HUD).jpg> HUD mounted in a PZL TS-11 Iskra </wiki/PZL_TS-11_Iskra> jet trainer aircraft with a glass plate combiner and a convex collimating lens just below it A typical HUD contains three primary components: a /projector unit/, a /combiner/, and a /video generation computer/.^[1] <#cite_note-0> The projection unit in a typical HUD is an optical collimator </wiki/Collimator#Optical_collimators> setup: a convex lens </wiki/Convex_lens> or concave mirror </wiki/Concave_mirror> with a Cathode Ray Tube </wiki/Cathode_Ray_Tube>, light emitting diode </wiki/Light_emitting_diode>, or liquid crystal display </wiki/Liquid_crystal_display> at its focus. This setup (a design that has been around since the invention of the reflector sight </wiki/Reflector_sight> in 1900) produces an image where the light is parallel i.e. perceived to be at infinity. The combiner is typically an angled flat piece of glass (a beam splitter </wiki/Beam_splitter>) located directly in front of the viewer, that redirects the projected image from projector in such a way as to see the field of view and the projected infinity image at the same time. Combiners may have special coatings that reflect the monochromatic </wiki/Monochromatic> light projected onto it from the projector unit while allowing all other wavelengths </wiki/Wavelength> of light to pass through. In some optical layouts combiners may also have a curved surface to refocus the image from the projector. The computer provides the interface between the HUD (i.e. the projection unit) and the systems/data to be displayed and generates the imagery and symbology to be displayed by the projection unit . [edit </w/index.php?title=Head-up_display&action=edit&section=2>] Types Other than fixed mounted HUDs there are also /Helmet mounted displays </wiki/Helmet_mounted_display>/ (/HMD/), a form of HUD that features a display element that moves with the orientation of the users' heads. Many modern fighters (such as F/A-18 </wiki/F/A-18>, F-22 </wiki/F-22>, Eurofighter </wiki/Eurofighter>) use both a HUD and HMD concurrently. The F-35 Lightning II </wiki/F-35_Lightning_II> was designed without a HUD, relying solely on the HMD, making it the first modern military fighter not to have a fixed HUD. [edit </w/index.php?title=Head-up_display&action=edit&section=3>] Generations HUDs are split into four generations reflecting the technology used to generate the images. * First GenerationUse a CRT </wiki/Cathode_ray_tube> to generate an image on a phosphor screen, having the disadvantage of the phosphor screen coating degrading over time. The majority of HUDs in operation today are of this type. * Second GenerationUse a solid state light source, for example LED </wiki/LED>, which is modulated by an LCD screen to display an image. These systems do not fade or require the high voltages of

first generation systems. These systems are on commercial aircraft. * Third GenerationUse optical waveguides </wiki/Optical_waveguide> to produce images directly in the combiner rather than use a projection system. * Fourth GenerationUse a scanning laser to display images and even video imagery on a clear transparent medium. Newer micro-display imaging technologies are being introduced, including liquid crystal display </wiki/Liquid_crystal_displays> (LCD), liquid crystal on silicon </wiki/Liquid_crystal_on_silicon> (LCoS), digital micro-mirrors </wiki/Digital_light_processing> (DMD), and organic light-emitting diode </wiki/Organic_light-emitting_diode> (OLED). [edit </w/index.php?title=Head-up_display&action=edit&section=4>] History </wiki/File:Revi_C12-A.jpg> </wiki/File:Revi_C12-A.jpg> Longitudinal cross-section of a basic /reflector sight/ (1937 German Revi C12/A). </wiki/File:C-130J_Co_Pilot%27s_Head-up_display.jpg> </wiki/File:C-130J_Co_Pilot%27s_Head-up_display.jpg> Copilot's HUD of a C-130J </wiki/C-130J> HUDs evolved from the reflector sight </wiki/Reflector_sight>, a pre-World War II parallax </wiki/Parallax> free optical sight technology for military </wiki/Military> fighter aircraft </wiki/Fighter_aircraft>.^[2] <#cite_note-1> The first sight to add rudimentary information to the reflector sight was the gyro gunsight </wiki/Gyro_gunsight> that projected an air speed and turn rate modified reticle </wiki/Reticle> to aid in leading the guns to hit a moving target (deflection </wiki/Deflection_(military)> aircraft gun aiming). As these sights advanced, more (and more complex) information was added. HUDs soon displayed computed gunnery solutions, using aircraft information such as airspeed </wiki/Airspeed> and angle of attack </wiki/Angle_of_attack>, thus greatly increasing the accuracy pilots could achieve in air to air battles. An early example of what would now be termed a head-up display was the Projector System of the British AI Mk VIII air interception radar fitted to some de Havilland Mosquito </wiki/De_Havilland_Mosquito> night fighters </wiki/Night_fighter>, where the radar display was projected onto the aircraft's windscreen along with the artificial horizon </wiki/Artificial_horizon>, allowing the pilots to perform interceptions without taking their eyes from the windscreen.^[3] <#cite_note-2> In 1955 the US Navy's Office of Naval Research and Development did some research with a mock HUD concept unit along with a sidestick controller </wiki/Side-stick> in an attempt to ease the pilots burden flying modern jet aircraft and make the instrumentation less complicated during flight. While their research was never incorporated in any aircraft at that time, the crude HUD mockup they built had all the features of today's modern HUD units. ^[4] <#cite_note-3> HUD technology was next advanced in the Buccaneer </wiki/Blackburn_Buccaneer>, the prototype of which first flew on 30 April 1958. The aircraft's design called for an attack sight that would provide navigation and weapon release information for the low level attack mode. There was fierce competition between supporters of the new HUD design and supporters of the old electro-mechanical gunsight, with

the HUD being described as a radical, even foolhardy option. The Air Arm branch of the Ministry sponsored the development of a Strike Sight. The Royal Aircraft Establishment </wiki/Royal_Aircraft_Establishment> (RAE) designed the equipment, it was built by Cintel </wiki/Rank_Organisation>, and the system was first integrated in 1958. The Cintel HUD business was taken over by Elliott Flight Automation </wiki/Elliott_Brothers_(computer_company)> and the Buccaneer HUD was manufactured and further developed continuing up to a Mark III version with a total of 375 systems made; it was given a `fit and forget' title by the Royal Navy and it was still in service nearly 25 years later. BAE Systems </wiki/BAE_Systems> thus has a claim to the world's first Head Up Display in operational service.^[5] <#cite_note-4> In the United Kingdom, it was soon noted that pilots flying with the new gun-sights were becoming better at piloting their aircraft.^[/citation needed </wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed>/] At this point, the HUD expanded its purpose beyond weapon aiming to general piloting. In the 1960s, French test-pilot Gilbert Klopfstein created the first modern HUD and a standardized system of HUD symbols so that pilots would only have to learn one system and could more easily transition between aircraft. The modern HUD used in instrument flight rules </wiki/Instrument_flight_rules> approaches to landing was developed in 1975.^[6] <#cite_note-autogenerated1-5> Klopfstein pioneered HUD technology in military fighter jets </wiki/Fighter_jet> and helicopters </wiki/Helicopter>, aiming to centralize critical flight data within the pilot's field of vision. This approach sought to increase the pilot's scan efficiency and reduce "task saturation" and information overload </wiki/Information_overload>. Use of HUDs then expanded beyond military aircraft. In the 1970s, the HUD was introduced to commercial aviation,^[7] <#cite_note-6> and in 1988, the Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme </wiki/Oldsmobile_Cutlass_Supreme> became the first production car with a head-up display.^[8] <#cite_note-7> Until a few years ago, the Embraer 190 and Boeing 737 </wiki/Boeing_737> New Generation Aircraft (737-600,700,800, and 900 series) were the only commercial passenger aircraft available with HUDs. However, the technology is becoming more common with aircraft such as the Canadair RJ </wiki/Canadair_RJ>, Airbus A318 </wiki/Airbus_A318> and several business jets featuring the displays. HUDs have become standard equipment on the Boeing 787 </wiki/Boeing_787>.^[9] <#cite_note-8> Furthermore, the Airbus A320, A330, A340 and A380 families are currently undergoing the certification process for a HUD.^[10] <#cite_note-9> HUDs are also added to the Space Shuttle </wiki/Space_Shuttle> orbiter. [edit </w/index.php?title=Head-up_display&action=edit&section=5>] Design factors There are several factors that interplay in the design of a HUD: * *Field of View* also "FOV", indicates the angle(s), vertically as well as horizontally, subtended at the pilot's eye, that the combiner displays symbology in relation to the outside view. A narrow FOV means that the view (of a runway, for example) through the combiner might include little additional information beyond the perimeters of the runway environment; whereas a wide FOV would allow a 'broader' view. For aviation applications, the major benefit of a wide FOV is that an aircraft approaching the runway in a crosswind might still have the runway in view through the combiner, even

though the aircraft is pointed well away from the runway threshold; where a narrow FOV the runway would be 'off the edge' of the combiner, out of the HUD's view. Because the human eyes are separated, each eye receives a different image. The HUD image is viewable by one or both eyes, depending on technical and budget limitations in the design process. Modern expectations are that both eyes view the same image, in other words a "binocular Field of View (FOV)". *Collimation* - The projected image is collimated </wiki/Collimated> which makes the light rays parallel. Because the human brain interprets light parallelity to infer distance to an object, collimated images on the HUD combiner are perceived as existing at or near optical infinity </wiki/Infinity>. This means that the pilot's eyes do not need to refocus to view the outside world and the HUD display...the image appears to be "out there", overlaying the outside world. *Eyebox* The optical collimator </wiki/Collimator#Optical_collimators> produces a cylinder of parallel light so the display can only be viewed while the viewers' eyes are somewhere within that cylinder, a three-dimensional area called the /head motion box/ or /eyebox/. Modern HUD eyeboxes are usually about 5 lateral by 3 vertical by 6 longitudinal inches. This allows the viewer some freedom of head movement but movement too far up/down left/right will cause the display to vanish off the edge of the collimator and movement to far back will cause it to crop off around the edge (vignette </wiki/Vignetting>). The pilots is able to view the entire display as long as one of their eyes is inside the eyebox.^[11] <#cite_note-10> *Luminance/contrast* Displays have adjustments in luminance </wiki/Luminance> and contrast to account for ambient lighting, which can vary widely (e.g., from the glare of bright clouds to moonless night approaches to minimally lit fields). *Boresight* Aircraft HUD components are very accurately aligned with the aircraft's three axes a process called /boresighting </wiki/Boresight>/ so that displayed data conforms to reality typically with an accuracy of 7.0 milliradians </wiki/Milliradian>. In this case the word "conform" means, "when an object is projected on the combiner and the actual object is visible, they will be aligned". This allows the display to show the pilot exactly where the artificial horizon </wiki/Horizon> is, as well as the aircraft's projected path with great accuracy. When Enhanced Vision <#Enhanced_flight_vision_systems> is used, for example, the display of runway lights are aligned with the actual runway lights when the real lights become visible. Boresighting is done during the aircraft's building process and can also be performed in the field on many aircraft.^[6] <#cite_note-autogenerated1-5> *Scaling* - The displayed image (flight path, pitch and yaw scaling, etc.), are scaled to present to the pilot a picture that overlays the outside world in an exact 1:1 relationship. For example, objects (such as a runway threshold) that are 3 degrees below the horizon as viewed from the cockpit must appear at the -3 degree index on the HUD display. *Compatibility* HUD components are designed to be compatible with other avionics, displays, etc. [edit </w/index.php?title=Head-up_display&action=edit&section=6>] Aircraft

On aircraft avionics systems, HUDs typically operate from dual

independent redundant computer systems. They receive input directly from the sensors (pitot-static </wiki/Pitot-static>, gyroscopic </wiki/Gyroscopic>, navigation, etc.) aboard the aircraft and perform their own computations rather than receiving previously computed data from the flight computers. On other aircraft (the Boeing 787, for example) the HUD guidance computation for Low Visibility Take-off (LVTO) and low visibility approach comes from the same flight guidance computer that drives the autopilot. Computers are integrated with the aircraft's systems and allow connectivity onto several different data buses such as the ARINC 429 </wiki/ARINC_429>, ARINC 629, and MIL-STD-1553 </wiki/MIL-STD-1553>.^[6] <#cite_note-autogenerated1-5> [edit </w/index.php?title=Head-up_display&action=edit&section=7>] Displayed data Typical aircraft HUDs display airspeed </wiki/Airspeed>, altitude </wiki/Altitude>, a horizon </wiki/Horizon> line, heading </wiki/Aircraft_heading>, turn/bank and slip/skid </wiki/Slip_indicator#Turn_Coordinator> indicators. These instruments are the minimum required by 14 CFR Part 91.^[12] <#cite_note-11> Other symbols and data are also available in some HUDs: * /boresight/ or /waterline/ symbolis fixed on the display and shows where the nose of the aircraft is actually pointing. * /flight path vector (FPV)/ or /velocity vector/ symbolshows where the aircraft is actually going, the sum of all forces acting on the aircraft.^[13] <#cite_note-12> For example, if the aircraft is pitched </wiki/Flight_dynamics> up but is losing energy, then the FPV symbol will be below the horizon even though the boresight symbol is above the horizon. During approach and landing, a pilot can fly the approach by keeping the FPV symbol at the desired descent angle and touchdown point on the runway. * /acceleration indicator/ or /energy cue/typically to the left of the FPV symbol, it is above it if the aircraft is accelerating, and below the FPV symbol if decelerating. * /angle of attack </wiki/Angle_of_attack> indicator/shows the wing's angle relative to the airflow, often displayed as /""/. * n vig tion d t nd symbolsfor ppro ches nd l ndings, the flight guid nce systems c n provide visu l cues b sed on n vig tion ids such s n Instrument L nding System </wiki/Instrument_L nding_System> or ugmented Glob l Positioning System </wiki/Glob l_Positioning_System> such s the Wide Are Augment tion System </wiki/WAAS>. Typic lly this is circle which fits inside the flight p th vector symbol. Pilots c n fly long the correct flight p th by "flying to" the guid nce cue. Since being introduced on HUDs, both the FPV nd cceler tion symbols re becoming st nd rd on he d-down displ ys (HDD). The ctu l form of the FPV symbol on n HDD is not st nd rdized but is usu lly simple ircr ft dr wing, such s circle with two short ngled lines, (180 30 degrees) nd "wings" on the ends of the descending line. Keeping the FPV on the horizon llows the pilot to fly level turns in v rious ngles of b nk. [edit </w/index.php?title=He d-up_displ y& ction=edit&section=8>] Milit ry ircr ft specific pplic tions

</wiki/File:F-18_HUD_gun_symbology.jpeg> </wiki/File:F-18_HUD_gun_symbology.jpeg> FA-18 HUD while eng ged in mock dogfight </wiki/Dogfight> In ddition to the generic inform tion described bove, milit ry pplic tions include we pons system nd sensor d t such s: * /t rget design tion (TD)/ indic torpl ces cue over n ir or ground t rget (which is typic lly derived from r d r </wiki/R d r> or inerti l n vig tion system </wiki/Inerti l_n vig tion_system> d t ). * /V_c /closing velocity with t rget. * /R nge/to t rget, w ypoint, etc. * /L unch Accept bility Region (LAR)/displ ys when n ir-to- ir or ir-to-ground we pon c n be successfully l unched to re ch specified t rget. * /we pon seeker/ or sensor line of sightshows where seeker or sensor is pointing. * /we pon st tus/includes type nd number of we pons selected, v il ble, rming, etc. [edit </w/index.php?title=He d-up_displ y& ction=edit&section=9>] VTOL/STOL ppro ches nd l ndings During the 1980s, the milit ry tested the use of HUDs in vertic l t ke off nd l ndings (VTOL) nd short t ke off nd l nding (STOL) ircr ft. A HUD form t w s developed t NASA </wiki/NASA> Ames Rese rch Center </wiki/Ames_Rese rch_Center> to provide pilots of V/STOL ircr ft with complete flight guid nce nd control inform tion for C tegory-IIIC termin l- re flight oper tions. This includes l rge v riety of flight oper tions, from STOL flights on l nd-b sed runw ys to VTOL oper tions on ircr ft c rriers </wiki/Aircr ft_c rrier>. The princip l fe tures of this displ y form t re the integr tion of the flightp th nd pursuit guid nce inform tion into n rrow field of view, e sily ssimil ted by the pilot with single gl nce, nd the superposition of vertic l nd horizont l situ tion inform tion. The displ y is deriv tive of successful design developed for convention l tr nsport ircr ft.^[14] <#cite_note-13> [edit </w/index.php?title=He d-up_displ y& ction=edit&section=10>] Civil ircr ft specific pplic tions </wiki/File:SVS_Cockpit_Gulfstre m_GV.jpg> </wiki/File:SVS_Cockpit_Gulfstre m_GV.jpg> The cockpit of NASA </wiki/NASA>'s Gulfstre m GV </wiki/Gulfstre m_G500/G550> with synthetic vision system displ y. The HUD combiner is in front of the pilot (with projector mounted bove it). This combiner uses curved surf ce to focus the im ge. The use of he d-up displ ys llows commerci l ircr ft subst nti l flexibility in their oper tions. Systems h ve been pproved which llow reduced-visibility t keoffs nd l ndings, s well s full C tegory IIIc </wiki/Instrument_l nding_system> l ndings.^[15] <#cite_note-14> ^[16] <#cite_note-15> ^[17] <#cite_note-16> Studies h ve shown th t the use of HUD during l ndings decre ses the l ter l devi tion from centerline in ll l nding conditions, lthough the touchdown point long the centerline is not ch nged.^[18] <#cite_note-17>

[edit </w/index.php?title=He d-up_displ y& ction=edit&section=11>] Enh nced flight vision systems In more dv nced systems, such s the FAA </wiki/Feder l_Avi tion_Administr tion>-l beled /Enh nced Flight Vision System/,^[19] <#cite_note-14449-45-18> re l-world visu l im ge c n be overl id onto the combiner. Typic lly n infr red </wiki/Infr red> c mer (either single or multi-b nd) is inst lled in the nose of the ircr ft to displ y conformed im ge to the pilot. /EVS Enh nced Vision System/ is n industry ccepted term which the FAA decided not to use bec use "the FAA believes [it] could be confused with the system definition nd oper tion l concept found in 91.175(l) nd (m)"^[19] <#cite_note-14449-45-18> In one EVS inst ll tion, the c mer is ctu lly inst lled t the top of the vertic l st bilizer r ther th n " s close s pr ctic l to the pilots eye position". When used with HUD however, the c mer must be mounted s close s possible to the pilots eye point s the im ge is expected to "overl y" the re l world s the pilot looks through the combiner. "Registr tion," or the ccur te overl y of the EVS im ge with the re l world im ge, is one fe ture closely ex mined by uthorities prior to pprov l of HUD b sed EVS. This is bec use of the import nce of the HUD m tching the re l world.

While the EVS displ y c n gre tly help, the FAA h s only rel xed oper ting regul tions^[20] <#cite_note-19> so n ircr ft with EVS c n perform CATEGORY I ppro ch to CATEGORY II minimums </wiki/Instrument_L nding_System#ILS_c tegories>. In ll other c ses the flight crew must comply with ll "un ided" visu l restrictions. (For ex mple if the runw y visibility is restricted bec use of fog, even though EVS m y provide cle r visu l im ge it is not ppropri te (or ctu lly leg l) to m neuver the ircr ft using only the EVS below 100' gl.) [edit </w/index.php?title=He d-up_displ y& ction=edit&section=12>] Synthetic vision systems </wiki/File:NASA_Synthetic_Vision_Displ y.jpg> </wiki/File:NASA_Synthetic_Vision_Displ y.jpg> A synthetic vision system displ y HUD systems re lso being designed to utilize synthetic vision system </wiki/Synthetic_vision> (SVS), which use terr in d t b ses to cre te re listic nd intuitive views of the outside world.^[21] <#cite_note-20> ^[22] <#cite_note-21> ^[23] <#cite_note-22> In the SVS im ge to the right, immedi tely visible indic tors include the irspeed t pe on the left, ltitude t pe on the right, nd turn/b nk/slip/skid displ ys t the top center. The boresight symbol (-v-) is in the center nd directly below th t is the flight p th vector symbol (the circle with short wings nd vertic l st bilizer). The horizon line is visible running cross the displ y with bre k t the center, nd directly to the left re the numbers t 10 degrees with short line t 5 degrees (The +5 degree line is e sier to see) which, long with the horizon line, show the pitch of the ircr ft.

The ircr ft in the im ge is wings level (i.e. the flight p th vector symbol is fl t rel tive to the horizon line nd there is zero roll on the turn/b nk indic tor). Airspeed is 140 knots, ltitude is 9450 feet, he ding is 343 degrees (the number below the turn/b nk indic tor). Close

inspection of the im ge shows sm ll purple circle which is displ ced from the Flight P th Vector slightly to the lower right. This is the guid nce cue coming from the Flight Guid nce System. When st bilized on the ppro ch, this purple symbol should be centered /within/ the FPV.

In some systems, the SVS will c lcul te the ircr ft's current flight p th, or possible flight p th (b sed on n ircr ft perform nce model, the ircr ft's current energy, nd surrounding terr in) nd then turn ny obstructions red to lert the flight crew. Such system could h ve prevented the cr sh of Americ n Airlines Flight 965 </wiki/Americ n_Airlines_Flight_965> in 1995.^[/cit tion needed </wiki/Wikipedi :Cit tion_needed>/] On the left side of the displ y is n SVS-unique symbol, with the ppe r nce of purple, dimishing sidew ys l dder, nd which continues on the right of the displ y. The two lines define "tunnel in the sky". This symbol defines the desired tr jectory of the ircr ft in three dimensions. For ex mple, if the pilot h d selected n irport to the left, then this symbol would curve off to the left nd down. If the pilot keeps the flight p th vector longside the tr jectory symbol, the cr ft will fly the optimum p th. This p th would be b sed on inform tion stored in the Flight M n gement System's d t b se nd would show the FAA- pproved ppro ch for th t irport.

The tunnel in the sky c n lso gre tly ssist the pilot when more precise four dimension l flying is required, such s the decre sed vertic l or horizont l cle r nce requirements of RNP </wiki/Required_N vig tion_Perform nce>. Under such conditions the pilot is given gr phic l depiction of where the ircr ft should be nd where it should be going r ther th n the pilot h ving to ment lly integr te ltitude, irspeed, he ding, energy nd longitude nd l titude to correctly fly the ircr ft.^[24] <#cite_note-23> [edit </w/index.php?title=He d-up_displ y& ction=edit&section=13>] Automobiles </wiki/File:E60hud.JPG> </wiki/File:E60hud.JPG> HUD in BMW E60 </wiki/BMW_E60> </wiki/File:Ponti chud.jpg> </wiki/File:Ponti chud.jpg> HUD in Ponti c Bonneville </wiki/Ponti c_Bonneville> showing of 47 mph

speed

Gener l Motors beg n using he d-up displ ys in 1988^[25] <#cite_note-24> with the first color displ y ppe ring in 1998 on the Corvette </wiki/Chevy_Corvette> C5. Toyot , for domestic m rket only, in 1991 rele sed this system in Toyot Crown M jest . In 2003, BMW </wiki/BMW> bec me the first Europe n m nuf cturer to offer HUDs. The displ ys re becoming incre singly v il ble in production c rs, nd usu lly offer speedometer </wiki/Speedometer>, t chometer </wiki/T chometer>, nd n vig tion system </wiki/Glob l_Positioning_System#N vig tion> displ ys. Night vision </wiki/Automotive_night_vision> inform tion is lso displ yed vi HUD on cert in Gener l Motors </wiki/Gener l_Motors>, Hond </wiki/Hond >, Toyot </wiki/Toyot > nd Lexus </wiki/Lexus> vehicles. Other m nuf ctures such s Audi </wiki/Audi>, Citron

The terr in is entirely computer gener ted from terr in d t b se.

high resolution

</wiki/Citro%C3%ABn>, S b </wiki/S b>, nd Niss n </wiki/Niss n> currently offer some form of HUD system. Motorcycle helmet </wiki/Motorcycle_helmet> HUDs re lso commerci lly v il ble.^[26] <#cite_note-25> Add-on HUD systems lso exist, projecting the displ y onto gl ss combiner mounted on the windshield. These systems h ve been m rketed to police gencies for use with in-vehicle computers. [edit </w/index.php?title=He d-up_displ y& ction=edit&section=14>] Development l / experiment l uses HUDs h ve been proposed or re being experiment lly developed for number of other pplic tions. In the milit ry, HUD c n be used to overl y t ctic l inform tion such s the output of l ser r ngefinder </wiki/R ngefinder> or squ dm te loc tions to inf ntrymen </wiki/Inf ntry>. A prototype HUD h s lso been developed th t displ ys inform tion on the inside of swimmer's goggles or of scub diver's m sk </wiki/Diving_m sk#Types_of_diving_m sk>.^[27] <#cite_note-26> A group of Electric l Engineering students from the University of M ss chusetts Amherst re integr ting technologies in order to develop n fford ble Person l He d-Up Displ y.^[28] <#cite_note-27> One such design is HUD in skiing goggles. HUD systems th t project inform tion directly onto the we rer's retin </wiki/Retin > with low-powered l ser </wiki/L ser> (virtu l retin l displ y </wiki/Virtu l_retin l_displ y>) re lso in experiment tion.^[29] <#cite_note-28> ^[30] <#cite_note-29> This kind of he d-up displ y h s been common in science fiction movies for dec des, not bly in Termin tor </wiki/Termin tor_(fr nchise)> nd RoboCop </wiki/RoboCop_(fr nchise)>. [edit </w/index.php?title=He d-up_displ y& ction=edit&section=15>] See lso * Acronyms nd bbrevi tions in vionics </wiki/Acronyms_ nd_ bbrevi tions_in_ vionics> * Augmented re lity </wiki/Augmented_re lity> * EyeT p </wiki/EyeT p> * He d-mounted displ y </wiki/He d-mounted_displ y> * HUD (video g ming) </wiki/HUD_(video_g ming)> * Virtu l retin l displ y </wiki/Virtu l_retin l_displ y> * We r ble computer </wiki/We r ble_computer> [edit </w/index.php?title=He d-up_displ y& ction=edit&section=16>] References 1. *^ <#cite_ref-0>* Sp ti l disorient tion in vi tion By Fred H. Previc, Willi m R. Ercoline, p ge 452 <http://books.google.com/books?id=oYP7m9m2RocC&pg=PA452&dq=p rts+of+ +hud+co mbiner+collim tor&hl=en&ei=Fsm-Tu pB4ugtweRi_HlBg&s =X&oi=book_result&ct=result& resnum=10&ved=0CGMQ6AEwCQ#v=onep ge&q&f=f lse> 2. *^ <#cite_ref-1>* D. N. J rrett, Cockpit engineering, p ge 189 <http://books.google.com/books?id=ESR4-pns2JMC&pg=PA189&dq=hud+%22reflector+ sight&hl=en&ei=oxmSTeqFA8etgQeA5f0Y&s =X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0 CEsQ6AEwBA#v=onep ge&q=hud%20%22reflector%20sight&f=f lse> 3. *^ <#cite_ref-2>* "Axis History Forum View topic RAF Fixed and

Free-mounted Reflector Gunsights" <http://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?p=160621&sid=51c60b7d43f1923c2bb 9a94c598a6ff1>. Forum.axishistory.com. http://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?p=160621&sid=51c60b7d43f1923c2bb9 a94c598a6ff1. Retrieved 2009-12-08. 4. *^ <#cite_ref-3>* "Windshield TV Screen To Aid Blind Flying." <http://books.google.com/books?id=fNwDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA101&dq=1954+Popular+Mech anics+January&hl=en&sa=X&ei=R9ZJT9CsO4WcgQeiuL2lDg&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAzgU#v=onepage&q =1954%20Popular%20Mechanics%20January&f=true> /Popular Mechanics/, March 1955, p. 101. 5. *^ <#cite_ref-4>* Rochester Avionics Archives 6. ^ ^/*a*/ <#cite_ref-autogenerated1_5-0> ^/*b*/ <#cite_ref-autogenerated1_5-1> ^/*c*/ <#cite_ref-autogenerated1_5-2> Spitzer, Cary R., ed. "Digital Avionics Handbook". Head-Up Displays. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2001 7. *^ <#cite_ref-6>* Pope, Stephen. "The Future of Head-Up Display Technology". Aviation International News. Jan. 2006. 1 August 2011 <http://www.ainonline.com/news/single-news-page/article/the-future-of-head-u p-display-technology-1288/> 8. *^ <#cite_ref-7>* ""Oldsmobiles Pace "the Race"" Oldsmobile Club of America. 2006. Accessed 12 February 2007" <http://www.oldsclub.org/History/PaceCars/IndyOldsPaceCars.htm#1988%20Oldsmo bile%20Cutlass%20Supreme>. Oldsclub.org. 2009-02-09. http://www.oldsclub.org/History/PaceCars/IndyOldsPaceCars.htm#1988%20Oldsmob ile%20Cutlass%20Supreme. Retrieved 2009-10-02. 9. *^ <#cite_ref-8>* Norris, G.; Thomas, G.; Wagner, M. and Forbes Smith, C. (2005). /Boeing 787 DreamlinerFlying Redefined/. Aerospace Technical Publications International. ISBN </wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number> 0-9752341-2-9 </wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9752341-2-9>. 10. *^ <#cite_ref-9>* "Airbus A318 approved for Head Up Display" <http://web.archive.org/web/20071207164904/http://www.airbus.com/en/presscen tre/pressreleases/pressreleases_items/07_12_03_a318_hud.html>. Airbus.com. 2007-12-03. Archived from the original <http://www.airbus.com/en/presscentre/pressreleases/pressreleases_items/07_1 2_03_a318_hud.html> on December 7, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071207164904/http://www.airbus.com/en/presscent re/pressreleases/pressreleases_items/07_12_03_a318_hud.html. Retrieved 2009-10-02. 11. *^ <#cite_ref-10>* The avionics handbook By Cary R. Spitzer, section 4-7 <http://books.google.com/books?id=A69m3ADmHGkC&pg=SA4-PA7&dq=hud+eyebox&hl=e n&ei=AS28Tu_PIsq5tgeGkdmeBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDUQ6AEw AA#v=onepage&q=hud%20eyebox&f=false> 12. *^ <#cite_ref-11>* "14 CFR Part 91." <http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgFAR.nsf/MainFra me?OpenFrameSet>. Airweb.faa.gov. http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgFAR.nsf/MainFram e?OpenFrameSet. Retrieved 2009-10-02. 13. *^ <#cite_ref-12>* ""Forces in a Climb" NASA Glenn Research Center" <http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/climb.html>. Grc.nasa.gov. 2008-07-11. http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/climb.html. Retrieved

2009-10-02. 14. *^ <#cite_ref-13>* Merrick, Vernon K., Glenn G. Farris, and Andrejs A. Vangas. "A Head Up Display for Applicatoin to V/STOL Aircraft Approach and Landing". NASA Ames Research Center 1990. 15. *^ <#cite_ref-14>* Order: 8700.1 Appendix: 3 Bulletin Type: Flight Standards Handbook Bulletin for General Aviation (HBGA) Bulletin Number: HBGA 99-16 Bulletin Title: Category III Authorization for Parts 91 and 125 Operators with Head-Up Guidance Systems (HGS); LOA and Operations Effective Date: 8-31-99 <http://www.faa.gov/library/manuals/examiners_inspectors/8700/hbga/media/hbg a9916.doc>^[/dead link </wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot>/] 16. *^ <#cite_ref-15>* Falcon 2000 Becomes First Business Jet Certified Category IIIA by JAA and FAA; Aviation Weeks Show News Online September 7, 1998 17. *^ <#cite_ref-16>* "Design Guidance for a HUD System is contained in Draft Advisory Circular AC 25.1329-1X, "Approval of Flight Guidance Systems" dated 10/12/2004" <http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgDAC.nsf/0/650d5 669656fd15086256eeb0066a6cf?OpenDocument>. Airweb.faa.gov. http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgDAC.nsf/0/650d56 69656fd15086256eeb0066a6cf?OpenDocument. Retrieved 2009-10-02. 18. *^ <#cite_ref-17>* HUD With a Velocity (Flight Path) Vector Reduces Lateral Error During Landing in Restricted Visibility; International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 2007, Vol. 17 No 1, pages 91108 19. ^ ^/*a*/ <#cite_ref-14449-45_18-0> ^/*b*/ <#cite_ref-14449-45_18-1> DOT Docket FAA-2003-14449-45Enhanced Flight Vision Systems <http://dms.dot.gov/search/document.cfm?documentid=343133&docketid=14449> 20. *^ <#cite_ref-19>* 14 CFR Part 91.175 change 281 "Takeoff and Landing under IFR" 21. *^ <#cite_ref-20>* "Slide 1" <http://web.archive.org/web/20080309093806/http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/air_c ert/design_approvals/transport/media/Pt23ApproachSlides.pdf> (PDF). Archived from the original <http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/air_cert/design_approvals/transport/media/Pt23A pproachSlides.pdf> on March 9, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080309093806/http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/air_ce rt/design_approvals/transport/media/Pt23ApproachSlides.pdf. Retrieved 2009-10-02. 22. *^ <#cite_ref-21>* For additional information see Evaluation of Alternate Concepts for Synthetic Vision Flight Displays with Weather-Penetrating Sensor Image Inserts During Simulated Landing Approaches, NASA/TP-2003-212643 <http://techreports.larc.nasa.gov/ltrs/PDF/2003/tp/NASA-2003-tp212643.pdf> 23. *^ <#cite_ref-22>* "No More Flying Blind, NASA" <http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/improvingflight/svs_reno.html>. Nasa.gov. 2007-11-30. http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/improvingflight/svs_reno.html. Retrieved 2009-10-02. 24. *^ <#cite_ref-23>* "PowerPoint Presentation" <http://web.archive.org/web/20080309093816/http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/air_c ert/design_approvals/transport/media/PathwayintheSky-RLN.pdf> (PDF). Archived from the original <http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/air_cert/design_approvals/transport/media/Pathw ayintheSky-RLN.pdf> on March 9, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080309093816/http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/air_ce

rt/design_approvals/transport/media/PathwayintheSky-RLN.pdf. Retrieved 2009-10-02. 25. *^ <#cite_ref-24>* "Head-Up Displays (HUDs) Put the Essentials in Your Line of SightProgressive Auto Insurance Articles & Blogs" <http://www.progressive.com/auto-tech/heads-up-displays.aspx>. Progressive.com. 2008-07-29. http://www.progressive.com/auto-tech/heads-up-displays.aspx. Retrieved 2009-10-02. 26. *^ <#cite_ref-25>* "Mike, Werner. "Test Driving the SportVue Motorcycle HUD". Motorcycles in the Fast Lane. 8 November 2005. Accessed 14 February 2007" <http://news.motorbiker.org/blogs.nsf/dx/SportVue.htm>. News.motorbiker.org. http://news.motorbiker.org/blogs.nsf/dx/SportVue.htm. Retrieved 2009-10-02. 27. *^ <#cite_ref-26>* By Julie Clothier for CNN. "Clothier, Julie. "Smart Goggles Easy on the Eyes". CNN.Com. 27 June 2005. CNN. Accessed 22 February 2007" <http://edition.cnn.com/2005/TECH/06/23/spark.goggle/index.html?section=cnn_ tech>. Edition.cnn.com. http://edition.cnn.com/2005/TECH/06/23/spark.goggle/index.html?section=cnn_t ech. Retrieved 2009-10-02. 28. *^ <#cite_ref-27>* "Ivan A. Bercovich, Radu-A Ivan, Jeffrey Little, Felipe Vilas-Boas. "Personal Head-Up Display" University of Massachusetts Amherst. 11 December 2008" <http://www.ecs.umass.edu/ece/sdp/sdp09/wolf/media.html>. Ecs.umass.edu. http://www.ecs.umass.edu/ece/sdp/sdp09/wolf/media.html. Retrieved 2009-10-02. 29. *^ <#cite_ref-28>* Panagiotis Fiambolis. ""Virtual Retinal Display (VRD) Technology". Virtual Retinal Display Technology. Naval Postgraduate School. 13 February 2007" <http://web.archive.org/web/20080413063727/http://www.cs.nps.navy.mil/people /faculty/capps/4473/projects/fiambolis/vrd/vrd_full.html>. Cs.nps.navy.mil. Archived from the original <http://www.cs.nps.navy.mil/people/faculty/capps/4473/projects/fiambolis/vrd /vrd_full.html> on April 13, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080413063727/http://www.cs.nps.navy.mil/people/ faculty/capps/4473/projects/fiambolis/vrd/vrd_full.html. Retrieved 2009-10-02. 30. *^ <#cite_ref-29>* Lake, Matt (2001-04-26). "Lake, Matt. "How It Works: Retinal Displays Add a Second Data Layer". New York Times 26 April 2001. accessed 13 February 2006" <http://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/26/technology/26HOWW.html>. Nytimes.com. http://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/26/technology/26HOWW.html. Retrieved 2009-10-02. [edit </w/index.php?title=Head-up_display&action=edit&section=17>] External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: /*Head-up displays <//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Head-up_displays>*/ * Rochester Archives Article'Buccaneer HUD PDU' <http://www.rochesteravionicarchives.co.uk/View_Object?ObjectId=1097>

* BBC Article'Pacman comes to life virtually' <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4607449.stm> * 'Clinical evaluation of the 'head-up' display of anesthesia data' <http://www.springerlink.com/content/k12155354t11x228/> * 'When will the Head-up go Civil' /Flight/ 1968 archive <http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1968/1968-1%20-%200233.html> * 'Elliott Brothers to BAE SYSTEMS' a short history of Elliott Brothers <http://www.rochesteravionicarchives.co.uk/History_of_Elliott_Brothers> * /Head-up Over the Hills/ <http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1964/1964%20-%202714.html> - a 1964 /Flight International </wiki/Flight_International>/ article on flying using an early Specto head-up display [show <#>] * v </wiki/Template:CarDesign_nav> * t </wiki/Template_talk:CarDesign_nav> * e <//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:CarDesign_nav&action=edit> Automotive design </wiki/Automotive_design> /Part of the Automobile </wiki/Automobile> series/ Body </wiki/Coachwork> Framework </wiki/Frame_(vehicle)> * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Automobile platform </wiki/Automobile_platform> Body-on-frame </wiki/Body-on-frame> Bumper </wiki/Bumper_(automobile)> Cabrio coach </wiki/Cabrio_coach> Chassis </wiki/Chassis> Continental tire </wiki/Continental_tire> Crumple zone </wiki/Crumple_zone> Dagmar bumpers </wiki/Dagmar_bumpers> Decklid </wiki/Decklid> Fender </wiki/Fender_(vehicle)> Fender skirts </wiki/Fender_skirts> Grille </wiki/Grille> Hood </wiki/Hood_(vehicle)> Hood scoop </wiki/Hood_scoop> Monocoque </wiki/Monocoque> Overhang </wiki/Overhang_(automotive)> Pillar </wiki/Pillar_(car)> Pontoon fenders </wiki/Pontoon_fenders> Quarter panel </wiki/Quarter_panel> Shaker scoop </wiki/Shaker_scoop> Spoiler </wiki/Spoiler_(automotive)> Subframe </wiki/Subframe> Tonneau </wiki/Tonneau>

Compartments * Trunk/Boot/Dickie </wiki/Trunk_(automobile)> * Hood/Bonnet </wiki/Hood_(vehicle)> Doors </wiki/Vehicle_door>

* * * * * *

Butterfly doors </wiki/Butterfly_doors> Canopy door </wiki/Vehicle_canopy> Gull-wing door </wiki/Gull-wing_door> Scissor doors </wiki/Scissor_doors> Sliding doors </wiki/Sliding_door_(vehicle)> Suicide door </wiki/Suicide_door>

Glass </wiki/Car_glass> * * * * * * Greenhouse </wiki/Greenhouse_(automotive_term)> Power window </wiki/Power_window> Quarter glass </wiki/Quarter_glass> Sunroof </wiki/Sunroof> Windshield/Windscreen </wiki/Windshield> Windshield/Windscreen wiper </wiki/Windscreen_wiper>

Other * * * * * * * * * Bumper sticker </wiki/Bumper_sticker> Curb feeler </wiki/Curb_feeler> Hood ornament </wiki/Hood_ornament> Japan Black paint </wiki/Japan_black> Monsoonshield </wiki/Monsoonshield> Nerf bar </wiki/Nerf_bar> Tire/Tyre </wiki/Tire> Tow hitch </wiki/Tow_hitch> Truck accessory </wiki/Truck_accessory>

Exterior equipment </wiki/Exterior_equipment> Lighting </wiki/Automotive_lighting> * * * * Daytime running lamp </wiki/Daytime_running_lamp> Headlamp </wiki/Headlamp> Hidden headlamps </wiki/Hidden_headlamps> High-intensity discharge lamps </wiki/Gas-discharge_lamp#High-intensity_discharge_lamps> * Retroreflector </wiki/Retroreflector> * Sealed beam </wiki/Sealed_beam> * Trafficators </wiki/Trafficators> Legal and other * * * * * * * * Motor vehicle theft </wiki/Motor_vehicle_theft> Parking sensors </wiki/Parking_sensors> Vanity plate </wiki/Vanity_plate> Vehicle Identification Number </wiki/Vehicle_Identification_Number> Vehicle registration plate </wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate> Vehicle horn </wiki/Vehicle_horn> Windshield/Windscreen washer fluid </wiki/Windshield_washer_fluid> Wing mirror </wiki/Wing_mirror>

Interior equipment </wiki/Automobile_interior_equipment> Instruments </wiki/List_of_vehicle_instruments>

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

Backup camera </wiki/Backup_camera> Boost gauge </wiki/Boost_gauge> Buzzer </wiki/Buzzer> Carputer </wiki/Carputer> Electronic instrument cluster </wiki/Electronic_instrument_cluster> Fuel gauge </wiki/Fuel_gauge> Global Positioning System </wiki/Global_Positioning_System> and Automotive navigation system </wiki/Automotive_navigation_system> Telematics </wiki/Telematics> *Head-up display* Idiot light </wiki/Idiot_light> Malfunction Indicator Lamp </wiki/Malfunction_Indicator_Lamp> Night vision </wiki/Automotive_night_vision> Odometer </wiki/Odometer> Radar detector </wiki/Radar_detector> LIDAR detector </wiki/LIDAR_detector> Speedometer </wiki/Speedometer> Tachometer </wiki/Tachometer> Trip computer </wiki/Trip_computer>

Controls * * * * * * * * * Bowden cable </wiki/Bowden_cable> Cruise control </wiki/Cruise_control> Electronic throttle control </wiki/Electronic_throttle_control> Gear stick </wiki/Gear_stick> Hand brake </wiki/Parking_brake> Manettino dial </wiki/Manettino_dial> Steering wheel </wiki/Steering_wheel> Throttle </wiki/Throttle> Brake </wiki/Brake>

Theft </wiki/Motor_vehicle_theft> deterrence * * * * * Automatic vehicle location </wiki/Automatic_vehicle_location> Car alarm </wiki/Car_alarm> Immobiliser </wiki/Immobiliser> Power door locks </wiki/Power_door_locks> VIN etching </wiki/VIN_etching>

Safety </wiki/Automobile_safety> & seating </wiki/Car_seat> * * * * * * * * Airbag </wiki/Airbag> Armrest </wiki/Armrest> Automatic seat belts </wiki/Automatic_seat_belts> Bench seat </wiki/Bench_seat> Bucket seat </wiki/Bucket_seat> Child safety lock </wiki/Child_safety_lock> Rumble seat </wiki/Rumble_seat> Seat belt </wiki/Seat_belt>

Other * Air conditioning </wiki/Air_conditioning> * Automobile accessory power </wiki/Automobile_accessory_power>

* * * * * * * * * * *

Car audio </wiki/Car_audio> Car phone </wiki/Car_phone> Center console </wiki/Center_console_(automobile)> Dashboard </wiki/Dashboard> Flat tire </wiki/Flat_tire> Glove compartment </wiki/Glove_compartment> RF connector </wiki/RF_connector> Power steering </wiki/Power_steering> Rear-view mirror </wiki/Rear-view_mirror> Smart key </wiki/Smart_key> Sun visor </wiki/Sun_visor>

* *Portal </wiki/Portal:Cars>* * *Category </wiki/Category:Automobiles>* [show <#>] * v </wiki/Template:Mixed_reality> * t </w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Mixed_reality&action=edit&redlink=1> * e <//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Mixed_reality&action=edit> Virtual reality </wiki/Virtual_reality> Augmented reality </wiki/Augmented_reality> Mixed reality </wiki/Mixed_reality> Concepts Virtual </wiki/Virtuality> Augmented virtuality </wiki/Augmented_virtuality> Real life </wiki/Real_life> (meatspace) Projection augmented model </wiki/Projection_augmented_model> Realityvirtuality continuum </wiki/Reality%E2%80%93virtuality_continuum> Artificial reality </wiki/Artificial_reality> Simulated reality </wiki/Simulated_reality> Ubiquitous computing </wiki/Ubiquitous_computing> Virtual world </wiki/Virtual_world> (Persistent world </wiki/Persistent_world>) Multimodal interaction </wiki/Multimodal_interaction> telepresence </wiki/Telepresence> Immersion </wiki/Immersion_(virtual_reality)> Technology </wiki/Immersive_technology> Compositing </wiki/Compositing> Camera resectioning </wiki/Camera_resectioning> Head-mounted display </wiki/Head-mounted_display> *Head-up display* Image-based modeling and rendering </wiki/Image-based_modeling_and_rendering> Real-time computer graphics </wiki/Real-time_computer_graphics> Virtual retinal display </wiki/Virtual_retinal_display> Wearable computer </wiki/Wearable_computer> Stereoscopy </wiki/Stereoscopy> (Computer stereo vision </wiki/Computer_stereo_vision>, Computer vision </wiki/Computer_vision>) Chroma key </wiki/Chroma_key> Visual hull </wiki/Visual_hull> Free viewpoint television </wiki/Free_viewpoint_television> Omnidirectional treadmill </wiki/Omnidirectional_treadmill> Hidden surface determination </wiki/Hidden_surface_determination> Tracking Motion capture </wiki/Motion_capture> Tracking system </wiki/Tracking_system> Types: optical </wiki/Video_tracking>, inertial </wiki/Inertial_tracking_device>, magnetic Devices: Wired glove </wiki/Wired_glove>, Sixense TrueMotion </wiki/Sixense_TrueMotion>, Gametrak </wiki/Gametrak>, Kinect </wiki/Kinect> Applications Alternate reality game </wiki/Alternate_reality_game> ARToolKit </wiki/ARToolKit> Interactive art </wiki/Interactive_art> (Virtual Graffiti </wiki/Virtual_Graffiti>) Cave Automatic Virtual Environment

</wiki/Cave_Automatic_Virtual_Environment> See also Simulated reality in fiction </wiki/Simulated_reality_in_fiction> [show <#>] * v </wiki/Template:Emerging_technologies> * t </wiki/Template_talk:Emerging_technologies> * e <//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Emerging_technologies&action= edit> Emerging technologies </wiki/Emerging_technologies> Technology </wiki/Technology> Fields Agriculture </wiki/Agriculture> * * * * * Agricultural robot </wiki/Agricultural_robot> In vitro meat </wiki/In_vitro_meat> Genetically modified food </wiki/Genetically_modified_food> Precision agriculture </wiki/Precision_agriculture> Vertical farming </wiki/Vertical_farming>

Biomedical </wiki/Biomedical_technology> * * * * * * * * * * * Ampakine </wiki/Ampakine> Cryonics </wiki/Cryonics> Full genome sequencing </wiki/Full_genome_sequencing> Genetic engineering </wiki/Genetic_engineering> o Gene therapy </wiki/Gene_therapy> Personalized medicine </wiki/Personalized_medicine> Regenerative medicine </wiki/Regenerative_medicine> o Stem cell treatments </wiki/Stem_cell_treatments> o Tissue engineering </wiki/Tissue_engineering> Robotic surgery </wiki/Robotic_surgery> Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence </wiki/Strategies_for_Engineered_Negligible_Senescence> Suspended animation </wiki/Suspended_animation> Synthetic biology </wiki/Synthetic_biology> o Synthetic genomics </wiki/Synthetic_genomics> Whole-body transplant </wiki/Whole-body_transplant> o Head transplant </wiki/Head_transplant> o Isolated brain </wiki/Isolated_brain>

Displays * Autostereoscopy </wiki/Autostereoscopy> * Holographic display </wiki/Holographic_display> * Next generation of display technology </wiki/Next_generation_of_display_technology> * Screenless display </wiki/Screenless> o Bionic contact lens </wiki/Bionic_contact_lens> o Head-mounted display </wiki/Head-mounted_display> o *Head-up display* o Virtual retinal display </wiki/Virtual_retinal_display> * Ultra High Definition Television </wiki/Ultra_High_Definition_Television> Electronics

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Electronic nose </wiki/Electronic_nose> Electronic textile </wiki/Electronic_textile> Flexible electronics </wiki/Flexible_electronics> Memristor </wiki/Memristor> Spintronics </wiki/Spintronics> Thermal copper pillar bump </wiki/Thermal_copper_pillar_bump>

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