Nithya Devi 5.

09 Chemistry SL IA3 To prepare a known concentration of sodium carbonate, Na2CO3 To standardize sulfuric acid by titration with a known concentration of sodium carbonate, Na2CO3 Apparatus Electronic Balance Volumetric Flask Burette Pipette Uncertainty 0.001 g 0.3 cm3 0.05 cm3 0.06 cm3

Data Collection Mass of empty beaker and solid anhydrous sodium carbonate (0.001)/g Mass of empty beaker (0.001)/g Mass of solid anhydrous sodium carbonate (0.002)/g 3.4478 4.7181 1.2703

Volume of Sodium Carbonate Solution prepared = 250.00 0.12 cm Volume of Sodium Carbonate Solution used for titration = 20.00 0.06 cm Titration of Sodium Carbonate Solution against Dilute Sulfuric Acid Run 1 Final Volume of Dilute Sulfuric Acid 20.4 Initial Volume of Dilute Sulfuric Acid 0.00 Volume of Dilute Sulfuric Acid used 20.4 Titration used Calculations Average volume of Dilute Sulfuric Acid used = (20.4 +19.7) = 20.05 cm Run 2 19.7 0.00 19.7

Propagation of uncertainties Average volume of dilute sulfuric acid used = (0.10+0.10) = 0.10 cm

Average volume of dilute sulfuric acid used = ( 20.05 0.10 ) cm

Data Processing: Calculations No. of moles of solid anhydrous sodium carbonate Mass of solid anhydrous sodium carbonate Molar mass of solid anhydrous sodium carbonate = 1.2703 105.99 =0.011985 mol No. of moles of sodium carbonate solution = No. of moles of solid anhydrous sodium carbonate Propagation of uncertainties % No.of moles of solid anhydrous sodium carbonate = % Mass of solid anhydrous sodium carbonate = 0.002 100% 1.2703 = 0.16% % No. of moles of sodium carbonate solution = % No. of moles of solid anhydrous sodium carbonate =

Concentration of sodium carbonate solution = No.of moles of sodium carbonate solution Volume of sodium carbonate solution = 0.011985 250/ 1000 = 0.04794 mol dm-3

% Concentration of sodium carbonate solution = (% No.of moles of sodium carbonate solution+ % Volume of sodium carbonate solution) [ 0.16 % + (0.12/250.00 100) %] = 0.21 %

No.of moles of sodium carbonate solution in % No.of moles of sodium carbonate 20.0 cm of sodium carbonate solution solution in 20.0 cm of sodium carbonate solution =0.04794 20.00/1000 = [ 0.21 % + (0.06/20.00 100) %] = 9.588 10^-4 mol Mol ratio of sodium carbonate solution : Dilute Sulfuric Acid 1:1 No. of moles of Dilute Sulfuric Acid used = 9.588 10^-4 mol = 0.51 % % No. of moles of Dilute Sulfuric Acid used = No.of moles of sodium carbonate solution in 20.0 cm of sodium carbonate solution = 0.51 %

Calculations Concentration Dilute Sulfuric Acid =9.588 10^-4 mol 20.05/ 1000 =0.04782 moldm-3

Propagation of uncertainties % Concentration of Dilute Sulfuric Acid = ( No.of moles of Dilute Sulfuric acid used + average volume of dilute sulfuric acid used) = [ 0.51% + ( 0.10/20.05 100) %] = 1.01% Concentration of Dilute Sulfuric Acid = 1.01/ 100 0.04782 = 4.8298210^-4 moldm-3

Therefore Concentration Dilute Sulfuric Acid = (0.04782 4.8298210^-4) moldm-3

Questions: a) The volumetric flask has a smaller uncertainty value compared to the beaker; hence it would give more accurate results. b) It is to ensure that all of the solid, including those that might still remain on the edges of the flask are transferred and dissolved into the solution. c) No. The acid would have ionized to release H+ ions and these H+ ions will react with the base and therefore determine the concentration of the solution. Adding deionized water will not change the concentration of the solution. d) The titration readings are close to each other. e) The other hydrates contain different moles of water and therefore 1 mol of a hydrate could have a different relative molecular mass from 1 mol of another hydrate. Anhydrous sodium carbonate will always have the same relative molecular mass.